Search

China's existing polymer-modified cement based compounds for waterproofing material standards are used for the tensile strength test and elongation at break test as the test method to evaluate the performance of the product extension. The elongation only reflects the extension ability of product, but cannot indicate the crack bridging ability of the product. In engineering applications, there is a requirement for higher bridging cracks ability of the products. In this paper, 9 samples of polymer-modified cement based compounds for waterproofing material were tested. Crack bridging ability was tested under the standards and methods in DIN EN 14891:2013-07. Tensile strength and elongation at break were tested according to the standards and methods in GB23445:2009. The crack bridging ability test results are between 0 to 2.08mm, in which 5 of them meet the requirements of greater than 0.75mm according to DIN EN14891:2013-07.The tensile strength test results are between 1.13MPa to 3.19MPa, the elongation at break test results are between 4% to 350%.The results show that higher tensile strength and higher elongation at break will have good ability of crack bridging. Samples with better crack bridging ability are close to type III product according to GB23445-2009 which requires tensile strength ≥ 1.8MPa and elongation at break ≥ 30%. Crack bridging ability directly reflects the product’s ability of crack bridging, and is more in line with the actual requirements in engineering applications. It is recommended that the crack bridging ability test method should be adopted in the formulation of China polymer-modified cement compounds for waterproofing material standards.

The AlN nucleation layer (NL) has been deposited on Si (111) substrate by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The result indicates that the growth mode of the AlN NL is in the form of 2-dimensional plane and 3-dimensional island. The proportion of 3-dimensional region increases gradually and the 2-dimensional region reduces correspondingly with the increase of growth time. The decrease of the coverage ratio of AlN grains in the 2-dimensional growth region is due to the effect of etching. AlN film with the single crystal orientation has been deposited on the optimized AlN NL.

In this paper, the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to establish the comprehensive evaluation index system for tiered electricity pricing scheme. First the calculation method of each factor is given, and it is translated into centesimal system. Than the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to calculate the weights of each factor. This evaluation method quantifies the qualitative indexes, to enhance the scientific and reliability for evaluation of tiered electricity pricing.

Guangzhou Metro Line 6 the 8th tender Tianhe Station tunnel shielding meet hole body fissure water is abundant, tunnel soil mass disintegrates easily when water permeate, consolidating with end-advancing horizontal grouting technique. By reasonable choice construction equipment, drilling location, double liquid grouting parameters to control the construction process, enhance process monitoring, get a good reinforcement effect; analyzed the prospects of the construction method.

The column of heavy double turret five-axis horizontal milling complex machining center is taken as the object of study. Solidworks is used to establish three-dimensional model of milling machining center column, the established modal is be imported into ANSYS Workbench for static and dynamic characteristics analysis. First, by comparing the column deformation, the stress and strain under no-load and load conditions, which is concluded that column design is too conservative and be optimized. Secondly, the modal analysis was carried out on the column, which provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of the column by getting the first six natural frequencies and mode shapes of cloud.

Through the construction process of the Administrative Center Station, Kunming rail traffic, study the construction technology of long spiral bored piles, for engineering characteristics and difficulties, put forward the proposed measures, and analyze the application prospects of the technology.

Harmony search (HS) algorithm is a good meta-heuristic intelligent optimization method, which has been paid much attention recently. However, intelligent optimization methods are easily trapped into local optima, HS is no exception. In order to improve the performance of HS, a new variant of harmony search algorithm with random mutation strategy (HSRM) is proposed in this paper. The HSRM uses a random mutation strategy to replace the pitch adjusting operation, and dynamically adjust the key parameter pitch adjusting rate (PAR). Experiment results demonstrated that the proposed method is superior to the HS and recently developed variants (IHS, and GHS) and other meta-heuristic algorithm.

To predict accurately the fuel consumption rate of a diesel engine, based on polynomial fitting curve method, combined with the test data of XCW6200ZC medium speed marine diesel engine used for inland ships, a diesel engine fuel consumption model about characteristic coefficient and speed under the propulsion characteristic was established. The marine diesel engine fuel consumption were calculated and predicted through this model. The results showed that the model can predict the fuel consumption of diesel engine well.

C/C composites have excellent properties, but it will be rapidly oxidized when temperature is above 500 °C, which limits its applications in high temperature environment. In order to improve Anti-oxidation, using CVD method, a SiC coating is prepared on the surface of C/C composites. We have studied the microstructure of the SiC coating, oxidation resistance and high temperature mechanical properties. The results show that SiC coating has excellent oxidation resistance. When coated sample is oxidized at 1500 °C after 50 hours, its oxidation weight loss rate is only 1.45%, and coated samples can still maintain high mechanical properties at 1200 °C.

Using melamine and aluminum nitrate as raw material, we prepared aluminum nitride whiskers by precursor method and studied the effect of reactants and concentration to AlN precursor. The results showed that when the Molar ratio is 1:3, and the concentration is 0.2mol/l, whisker precursor produced is relatively uniform and have large length diameter ratio.

Aluminum nitride whiskers have excellent characteristics, not only can be used in the high heat conductivity for the preparation of a new composite, but also can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of a new composite toughened. Using wet, melamine, and aluminum nitrate as raw material, aluminum nitride whiskers precursor are prepared and pure aluminum nitride whiskers can be obtained by nitrogen and carbon removal processes. This kind of aluminum nitride whiskers possess smooth surface, uniform length, straight whisker, and a long cylindrical structure with a diameter of 4-6 μm and a length diameter ratio of 40-100.

NaY zeolite was prepared by a simple sol-gel process. The prepared NaY was characterized by XRD,FT-IR,N2adsorption/desorption isotherms, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The CO2dynamic adsorption/desorption performance of NaY was tested under atmospheric pressure using adsorption curve method in the fixed bed. The results demonstrate that NaY offeres high separation efficiency for CO2against N2. To further identify the most adsorption conditions, different adsorption temperatures and gas flow rates were investigated respectively. It is shown that NaY zeolite has the largest adsorption capacity of 88 mg/g adsorbent at 60°C,50ml/min, and the sample maintains still strong adsorption capacity and stable structure during 6 consecutive test cycles, which exhibits its stable adsorption/desorption behavior.

The electropolishing behavior of high-purity aluminum in perchloric acid ethanol electrolytes is studied by the electrochemical methods. The morphologies of electropolished surface are examined by SEM. The results of anodic polarization shows that the limiting current density was decreased with the 1,2-propylene glycol and perchloric acid volume ratio increasing and the temperature decreasing. The results of SEM show that A salt film with porous pores on the electropolishing surface was formed on high-purity aluminum in the mixed solution of 1, 2 propylene glycol and perchloric acid at the volume ratio of 4:1 and 6:1, porosity of film increases from 12.3 % to18.4%, and the pore diameter of film increases from 19 nm to 23 nm with the current density increased from 120 mAcm-2 to 140 mAcm-2.

The soil bacteria diversity in different concentrations of CO2was investigated in the simulation test area, by using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) -DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) and 16Sr-DNA library technology. The results showed that the bacteria diversity coefficient (P) got down to 0.8710, 0.8710 and 0.7742 from 0.9032 (from control area) when the concentration of CO2in soil reached 20000ppm, 40000ppm, 60000ppmrespectively. With the increasing concentration of CO2in soil, the abundance of the original low-density bacteria such asAsticcacaulis excentricus, etc. increased, while the abundance ofunclassified_Rhizobialesreduced significantly. Dominant bacteria such asBrucella melitensisetc. had the higher homology. It can be revealed that high concentration of CO2had a significant impact on the soil bacteria community diversity, while a weak influence on main bacterial species. Azotobacter was sensitive to the increasing of the CO2concentration. Great reducing of their abundance had an adverse effect on nitrogen-fixing capability of soil.

A novel phase shifting transformer is proposed for the application of multi-pulse rectifier, which is based linear motor, and has the advantages of simple structure, easy to manufacture, etc. Introduces the operating principle. Without considering flat phase shifting transformer longitudinal end-effect and transverse end-effect, analyzes the magnetic field distribution of the flat phase shifting transformer, it provides an optimal way to this novel phase shifting transformer.

We studied the changes of physicochemical and biological properties in order to evaluate the stability and maturity of the composting process during the forced-aeration composting process of tobacco industry wastes. Composting was carried out using two methods, i.e. waste tobacco leaves mixed with 15% waste tobacco stems (bioreactor A) and the addition of 30% waste tobacco stems (bioreactor B). The results showed that two composting all maintained the temperature exceeding 55°C for more than 3days. Compared with treatment B, the time of reach high temperature in the treatment A was shorted by 1 day and the sustaining time of high temperature extended by 3 days. The final electrical conductivity in compost A did not exceed the limit value of 3.00ms/cm-1for stable compost. The final germination index in composting A and B were 111% and 85% respectively, which suggested a higher stability in composting A than B.

Using radio frequency magnetron sputtering deposition deposit ZnO films on SiO2glass, and prepare vertical structure ZnO-based thin film transistor. By means of measurement, obtain the static output characteristics, the output current can achieve the order of milliampere, get the transfer characteristics of ZnO TFTs; transconductance which get the largest value gm=0.0061S when source-drain voltage VDS=3V, source-gate VGS=0.4V; output resistance and voltage amplification coefficient, the smallest voltage amplification factor is μ=1.16056,still have voltage amplification effect.

We have fabricated Au/CuPc/Al/CuPc/Au organic thin film transistor (OTFTs) using vacuum deposition with CuPc thin films of stable chemical property and semi conductive Al gate thin film electrode. The static and dynamic characteristics were tested at room temperature. The test results show that the switching speed of the OTFT is ton=2.68ms, toff= 1.32ms, amplification bandwidth is 400Hz, and the cutoff frequency fc=400Hz when inputting 100Hz small square wave signal. Our OTFT has submicron conductive channel, shows operation characteristics of high frequency, high speed and high current density. Good static and dynamic characteristics of OTFT can be obtained by controlling appropriate Al gate film thickness and CuPc film thickness.

Surface discharge plasma was used to activate air to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) for promoting the oxidation of ammonium sulfite by air forced oxidation method. The effect of applied voltage and the air speed in discharge reactor on the generation of ozone as well as the oxidation kinetic of ammonium sulfite were analyzed and discussed. The ozone concentration increased with the discharge voltage, but decreased with the air speed, and a maximum mass of generated ozone was obtained at air speed of 15 m/s. Compared with air forced oxidation, the oxidation kinetic constant of ammonium sulfite by ROS injection had an increase by 2.67-fold, and the oxidation of ammonium sulfite followed a pseudo zero order kinetics. An increase in air speed accelerated the oxidation of ammonium sulfite, and the oxidation kinetic constant of ammonium sulfite was increased by 5-fold when the air speed increased by 2-fold.

The filling and solidification process of casting that is closely related to lots of casting defects and has significant effect on the mechanical properties of castings. In this paper, the research status and development direction of numerical simulation technology of casting, especially of lost foam casting were reviewed and discussed. Also a brief introduction of the basic situations and product characteristics of several outstanding cast filling and solidification simulation softwares were summarized. In addition, the actual domestic application status of numerical simulation technology of lost foam casting in the foundry enterprises was analyzed and some suggestions were given as well.

Accompanied by the establishment of environmental impact assessment law and the development and improvement of construction industry information in nearly a decade, network Forum has become an important information resource platform and information exchange manner for EIA workers. The China Environmental Impact Assessment Forum, which is hosted by the Appraisal Center for Environmental and Engineering of Ministry of Environmental Protection, is a professional forum focused on environmental impact assessment. It has more than 17,000 professional members in China, and has become one of the most influential EIA professional forums. In addition to the general technical forum features, the China EIA Forum also has its own characteristics in its content and form. This paper will discuss the content setting, technical characteristics and information resources utilization of the EIA Forum, combine with the role of the EIA Forum in construction and development of the EIA industry information. Then, we propose the future development orientation of the EIA Forum, and the major development tasks and work contents.

Based on a building energy-consumption model, the building energy consumption from 2002 to 2011 in China was figured out. Analysis on building energy consumption trends showed that the building energy consumption would increase inevitably and drastically. Meanwhile, the analysis on green building presented its well energy-efficient performance. The results indicate that green building’s development is an urgent task in China.

The high speed milling test of CVD composite coated tool cutting natural marble is carried out. Measured milling forces of different parameters by the dynamometer and analyzed the influence of different parameters on the cutting force. Observed the wear appearance by the SEM and analyzed the wear mechanism of CVD tool. The results of the experiment show that the cutting force increases along with the cutting depth and feed speed increase, decreases along with the spindle speed and the influence of the cutting depth is the largest. The wear mechanisms of CVD tool when milling the natural marble include the removal of mechanical loss on the tool substrate, oxidation wear and adhesion wear. The removal of mechanical loss and adhesion wear couple with the whole process of CVD composite coated tool.

This paper puts forward a new type of gear anti-backlash drive mechanism, in view of traditional’ manufacturing is difficult and production cost is high. This mechanism uses the structure of a pair of worm gears which are against each other and double gears to eliminate the back clearance volume. The dynamic model of the mechanism in this paper is established by the method of lumped mass, and the model’s numerical solution is solved by fourth-order Runge-Kutta. Then the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of system are simulated and analyzed. The studies show that this mechanism whose backlash has been eliminated has a good dynamic characteristics, and increasing system’s meshing damping can shorten the vibration attenuation time and improving the average meshing stiffness can reduce vibration amplitude of the system.

With the popularity of electric vehicles, the impact of charging power on the original grid load is increasingly prominent. Electric vehicles can realize the benign interaction with power grid through the V2G technology. The mathematical model is solved with genetic algorithm in this paper based on the objective function as the minimization of daily charging cost. Constraint conditions such as maximum charge and discharge power limits and state of charge are considered. By analyzing the charge and discharge control of single car and the influence of electric vehicles’ charge and discharge on power grid, it is concluded that charge and discharge control strategy proposed in this paper can optimize the operation of the power grid and realize win-win situation of the user and the power grid with the time-of-use electricity pricing mechanism.

In this paper the modeling and stability analysis of networked cascade control systems (NCCSs) are discussed. A class of continuous-time NCCSs model with time-varying delays is described, in which the network-induced delays are assumed to be unknown, time-varying, and bounded. Based on the NCCSs model, the stability conditions of the NCCSs are proposed using Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and the free-weighting matrix approach.

With many natural and anthropogenic factors, rare earth (RE) compounds in the environment are increasing. It affects not only plant growth but also ecosystem. So an experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of elevating rare earth element La concentration singly treatments [La-0(CK), La-50(50mg·L-1), La-100(100 mg·L-1) and La-150(150 mg·L-1)] on the changes of lipid peroxidation extent,ROS production rate,content and anti-oxidative enzymes activities in soybean (Glycine max) roots. The results showed that during the whole growth stage the elevated La concentration at 100mg·L-1 induced a decrease on the content of malondialdehyde (MDA),superoxide anion (O2) production rate,hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, which were lower than the other treatments, however, an increase on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT),peroxidase (POD),which were higher than the elevated La concentration at 50mg·L-1, 150mg·L-1 and CK. The results demonstrated that with the increase of La concentration, metabolism rates of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are restrained with the protective ability of anti-oxidative system strengthened. However, when the La concentration is higher than some concentration which is around 100 mg·L-1, the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes drop and reactive oxygen species accumulate, thus increasing membrane lipid peroxidation, which represents injured effects on soybean.

In this work, potassium tantalate (KTaO3) particles were synthesized using a low-temperature hydrothermal method. The phase structure of samples prepared was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The result revealed that it belongs to cubic crystal. The electrochemical behaviour of a KTaO3film coated electrode was investigated in 0.1 mol dm-3KCl containing 5 mmol dm-3K3Fe (CN)6with cyclic voltgrammetry (CV). The CV results indicated that the KTaO3film coated electrode exhibited excellent electrochemical stability. The electrochemical reaction of K3Fe (CN)6on the KTaO3film coated electrode was a diffusion-controlling process.

This paper proposes delay-dependent stability conditions of discrete-time networked control systems (NCSs) with unknown, time-varying and bounded delays using Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and the improved free-weighting matrix approach. Moreover, the conditions are extended to the NCSs with time-varying structured uncertainties.

The chemical oxygen demand and permanganate index in 2012 in Jiuzhaigou water environment were discussed, and their mutual relations were researched. Theoretical references for the establishment of river water pollution prevention mechanisms were provided. The ratio of chemical oxygen demand and permanganate index is 2.71:1, and their linear regression equation is y = 3.337x - 0.7519.

The design of the wireless Mesh network routing protocol is the research emphasis in the field of wireless Mesh network, first of all, according to the general research of the Mesh network routing protocol. Mesh network routing protocol can be divided into two categories at present: One kind is designed based on the traditional Internet routing protocol; another kind is based on the improvement of mobile Ad hoc network routing protocol. And based on this, make an analysis and comparison of some typical routing protocols, discussing the research direction of Mesh network routing protocol in the future.

A micro-channel oil debris monitoring sensor based on planar coil is presented. The sensor, composed of one planar coil and two solenoids, detects metallic debris passing through its center by monitoring induced electromotive force of the planar coil. Based on the detection principle of the sensor, the detection circuit mainly consists of instrumentation amplifier, filter and amplifier. The testing results showed that the ferromagnetic metal particles under 100μm can be detected.

This paper emphasis has researched the microstructure, mechanics properties of multi alcohol modification particles ER fluid,compared the difference of microstructure and properties modification by multi alcohol, it has grasped the law of microstructure and mechanics properties of multi alcohol-Ti-O particles ER fluid.

Based on video grid structure, A Video Grid model was established using AnyLogic simulation software. First, the components required for modeling functions are introduced, and then create a model entity, video service processes, animation and analysis chart. Simulation results show that the AnyLogic-based video grid model, the model parameters can be adjusted, not only from the macroscopic dynamic observation of the entire system dynamics, but also from the microscopic measurement of the specified components. The construction of the actual video grid can provide a decision support.

Safety management system assessment (SMSA) was a hot point in the field of safety management practice and research. But, the weights of safety management system assessment indicators are different in former achievements. In this study, the scores of indicators in ISRS, NOSA, API and Basic Norms for Work Safety Standardization (BNWSS) were referenced to obtain the initial weights of the primary indicators for SMSA. The decision-makers preference for the four methods was settled by means of analytic hierarchy process (AHP). After Kendalls test for consistency of the four methods, the combination weighting was made considering the preference and consistence on the basis of AHP. The rationality of weighting result was evaluated with close degree. The close degree reached 91.0% which was satisfactory.

The channel sand in PI3132 units of A area in Daqing oilfield is meandering river sand body. Although more than 90 percent of it is watering out, the serious heterogeneity in layers make it possible that there are plenty of remaining reserves in unwashed or low-washed segments in water flooded layers. All these two kinds of remaining oil are the main potential tapping objectives in later period of oilfield development.The writer deeply analyzed the point bar sand body of the meandering river, established the recognizing method of the abandoned channel and the lateral accretion body of point bar, understood the remaining oil distribution in the washed segments and unwashed segments of the thick oil layers. By implementing the Personalized treatments for individual wells,such as super-short radius horizontal wells drilling,waterflood depth profile controlling,cyclic injecting and producing, etc, the point bar sand body potential tapping technology for different formation cause has been established. And this has essential meaning to direct the oilfield development.

To improve the agglomerate phenomena of polarity nanosized MgO-filler in non-polar low density polyethylene (LDPE) matrix, in the composite (MgO/LDPE) master batch preparation process, adding a certain amount of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), in order to improve the compatibility of nanoparticles and matrix materials. The dispersion states of MgO in the MgO/LDPE and EVA/MgO/LDPE composite material was evaluated by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), results shown that compared with MgO/LDPE nanocomposite, the dispersion of EVA modified MgO/LDPE is better and the agglomerate phenomena is not seen. DC breakdown tests shown that EVA modified MgO/LDPE compared with other several kinds of materials (LDPE; EVA/LDPE; MgO/LDPE and EVA/MgO/LDPE); the DC breakdown strength has improved significantly.

The rare earth-cobalt compounds with CaCu5-type structure were discovered to have outstanding permanent magnetic properties. The thermal stability of Y1-xErxCo5(x = 0, 0.12, 0.24) was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, differential thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive analysis. The influence of Er for Y on the decomposition of Y1-xErxCo5was discussed. The substitution of Er for Y in the compound YCo5obviously enhanced the decomposition temperature and accelerated the decomposition reaction of the compounds Y1-xErxCo5into (Y1-xErx)2Co17and (Y1-xErx)2Co7.

Industrial pure aluminum has been widely used in industry. However, it caused great difficulties in welding process due to its characteristics such as easy oxidation, high thermal conductivity and specific volume, low melting point. In order to overcome this problem, improving the welding quality of industrial pure and reducing the welding defects is of great significance. In this paper, the weldability of 1050A industrial pure aluminum plate (5 mm thick) with HS331, SAl-2, 1050A leftover materials and homemade welding wire with Ni-Cr alloy as four different filler materials was studied by using manual TIG welding. Metallographic test and mechanical performance test were used to assess microstructure and mechanical properties of the resulting welding joint. The results show that the microstructure and mechanical properties of the resulting welding joint with homemade welding wire with Ni-Cr alloy is relatively better than the others, which offers important implication for the improvement of the welding properties of industrial pure aluminum.

In Time of Arrival (TOA) positioning technology based on base station (BS), besides the measurement error caused by mobile station (MS), Non Line Of Sight (NLOS) propagation become the main factor of the positioning error. Aiming to solve this problem especially in indoor positioning, we introduced the differential calculus method to linearize the positioning equations, and Mirror Image Method (MMI) to turn the NLOS propagation into LOS propagation, then we collected a small amount of feature point information in the positioning region which include the received TOAs at this point, feature point coordinates and BS coordinates or the mirror image coordinates of BS. In the following 3D scenario simulation, we took use of the differential calculus as well as Least Square (LS) method to get the position of the MS. Simulation results show that by using the whole mechanism, we can achieve a high positioning precision.

The isothermal sections of the Er-Cu-V and Dy-Cu-V ternary systems at 773K were investigated by experiments. The isothermal section of Er-Cu-V consists of 8 single-phase regions, 13 two-phase regions and 6 three-phase regions. The binary compounds ErCu5, ErCu2, ErCu, Er2Cu9and Er2Cu7were observed at 773K. The isothermal section of Dy-Cu-V consists of 7 single-phase regions, 11 two-phase regions and 5 three-phase regions. The binary compounds DyCu5, DyCu2, DyCu and Dy2Cu9were confirmed at 773K. No ternary compound was found in the two sections. There is no solubility of V in the Er-Cu and Dy-Cu binary compounds observed.

PCD diamond cutting tools which named sintering diamond tool is the main cutting tool of the natural granite, the cutting characteristics of that have great influence on machining efficiency and machining quality. At present, most scholars are relatively mature on the research of diamond tool wear condition by the physical attributes of the PCD diamond tool and physical components of natural stone material. This paper studies the impact of cutting parameters on the tool wear, optimization of process parameters.

This paper emphasis has researched the effect of particles scattering, surrounding thickness, heat treatment temperature and etc on microstructure, mechanics properties and macrostructure under different electric field of Ni/TiO2, Ni/TiO2/PAn Particles ER fluid, It is found that particles scattering, surrounding thickness, heat treatment temperature have major effect on shear stress and chain of particles.

An equation of state (EOS) model of detonation products based on chemical equilibrium is developed. The EOS of gaseous detonation products is described by Rosss modification of hard-sphere variation theory and the improved one-fluid van der Waals mixture model. The condensed phases of carbon are taken as a mixture of graphite, diamond, graphite-like liquid and diamond-like liquid. For a mixed system of detonation products, the free energy minimization principle is used to determine the equilibrium compositions of detonation products by solving chemical equilibrium equations. The potential function parameters have been renewed and the non-ideal fixing effects of the major detonation products have been taken into account. The calculated detonation parameters in our work for a variety of explosives are well in agreement with the experimental data.

Taking account of the mutual impacts of distributed generation and reactive power, to determine the optimal position and capacity of the compensation device to be installed, the paper proposed an improved Tabu search algorithm for reactive power optimization. The voltage quality is considered of the model using minimum network active power loss as objective Function. It is achieved by maintaining the whole system power loss as minimum thereby reducing cost allocation. On the basis of general Tabu search algorithm, the algorithm used memory guidance search strategy to focus on searching for a local optimum value, avoid a global search blindness. To deal with the neighborhood solution set properly and save algorithm storage space , some corresponding improvements are made, thus, it is easily to stop the iteration of partial optimization and it is more probable to achieve the global optimization by use of the improved algorithm. Simulations are carried out on standard IEEE 33 test system and results are presented.

This paper analyzed the balanced flood performance of various layers and the remaining oil distribution through numerical simulation technique. It shows that, the main remaining oil type of intended layers is caused by voidage-injection imperfection. Considering the needs of the follow-up infill well pattern and tertiary oil recovery, we decide to maintain the relative independence and integrity of each well network without disturbing the pattern configuration and the mining exploit object of various sets of well pattern. Finally we confirm to perforate adding the first infill wells of intended layers to consummate the water flooding regime. Through analyzing the production target of different well pattern optimization programs relatively, it shows that the best program has regular well pattern and large drilled thickness.

Dynamic response performance of PEMFC affects its durability and reliability significantly. So improving on dynamic performance of PEMFC has become the key for prolonging PEMFC life in fuel cell vehicles application. In this study, in order to promote the PEMFC dynamic response performance, RuO2·xH2O was prepared by solgel method and then sprayed onto catalyst layers. The RuO2·xH2O prepared was characterized by TEM, which shows the average particle size of RuO2·xH2O was 8 nm and particulates were well distributed. A 10-cell stack using MEAs with and without RuO2·xH2O was assembled and studied under different relative humidity. It was found that added with RuO2·xH2O dramatically improves the dynamic response performance, which revealing that RuO2·xH2O can buffer the voltage undershoot and improve the stability and lifetime of PEMFC stack.

soil environment functional area is for the protection of the soil ecological and human utility functions, divided the environmental similarity soil area unit. Soil environmental functions include production security functions, ecological protection function, bearer maintain function. Soil environmental function regionalization ideas are: proposed index system based on the concept of clear soil environmental function regionalization, then functional evaluation, and finally the formation of soil environmental regionalization map. Soil environmental function regionalization indicator framework should include three aspects: production security index system, ecological protection index system, the bearing to maintain index system.

With the acceleration of economic development, the development of the power system is facing greater challenges to meet this challenge, the concept of smart grid is able to generate. This article provides an overview about the motivation for developing smart grid of the major countries in the world. Then it provides a review about the development and the relevant policies about smart grid in China. It also described the planning and roadmaps by Power Grid Companies, analyzed the problems of domestic smart grid development briefly and gave recommendations about what should be focused on in the future.

Glycine max were exposed in nine the open-top chambers to three levels of ozone (O3) concentration (ambient, approximately 45 nL·L-1 and two elevated ozone, 80±10 nL·L-1 and 110±10 nL·L-1) in four different growing stages (branching, flowering, podding and filling). In order to study the effect of different ozone concentration on photosynthesis parameters, the emphasis of this research was on photosynthetic pigment contents, parameters of photosynthetic gas exchange, Hill reaction activity and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase activity in soybean leaves. This paper reveals its response process and degree of photosynthesis in soybean leaves under different elevated O3, and it could establish the foundation for the study of plants adaptability mechanism under elevated O3 on the molecular level. The results showed that elevated O3 concentration accelerated peroxidation damage, and plants could not tolerate O3-induced injure, thus reducing photosynthesis by stomatal closure because of O3 exposure in soybean leaves. And O3 stress caused an acceleration of caducity that might be in part responsible for the reduction of photosynthesis.