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This study was aimed to design and develop the strip belt shelling and cleaning units for sunflower seeds. The different principles of operation by streak belt consist of number of strips and its configurations: full swath section, 4 – 5 zigzag and 4 eccentric drums. Five different linear velocities of drum 9.75, 10.00, 10.25, 10.50 and 10.75 m/s were evaluated. Pacific sunflower with 9.62% w.b. moisture content was prepared to test the performance of shelling unit. In the cleaning unit, the testing was done at various 1.82 – 3.08 m/s air suction speeds and 30 – 40 degrees plate inclination angles. The shelling result showed the appropriated condition was 4 eccentric drum with the 10.50 m/s linear velocity. The shelling was achieved 80.43% efficiency and 84.36% commercial seeds (whole and small damage kernels) at 15.17 kg/h capacity. The proper condition for cleaning was 2.45 m/s air suction speed and 30 degrees plate inclination angle. Cleaning achievements were 98.64% efficiency and 0.07% kernel loss in suction air.

In order to backfill the west open-pit mine in Fushun which is abandoned soon, the key technology of chute process has been studied. According to the movement rules of materials in the chute, using the method of theoretical calculation and laboratory simulation , U chute with inclination angle of 33°has been determined, mathematical model of material transportation in the chute has been established, the distance and height of materials reaching the bottom of the chute has been determined and the protective wall with hight of 2 m, distance of 24 m to the chute has been designed. Meanwhile, by numerical simulations, rules of dust transportation and diffusion in the chute has been studied , dusts finer than 100µm has been identified as the main pollutants, and the chute process of dust-protected has been put forward .

In this paper, it will take in-depth research, site practical methods, and provide reasonable solutions to several key problems, such as conveyor and hydraulic support sliding；shearers badly sloped；the roof management of return airway when the working face lengthened；dealing with the upper corner gas；gangue fleeing；turn mining，which seriously affect production during high inclination-angle fully mechanized mining at 3# coal seam of the second mining section of ChengShan coal mine.

Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) was used to investigate gas-liquid two phase flow regimes for the inclined wells. The simulation results were compared with the Taitel chart. A good agreement between the prediction and the Taitel flow regimes shows that CFD method can reasonably predict flow regimes in the inclined well. Another further study was conducted to explore the influence of flow rates and inclination angle on flow regimes. The results show both of flow rates and inclination angle have a significant effect on flow regime transition.

In order to solve the problem of low recovery rate of top-coal during fully-mechanized coal caving with large inclination angle, the optimization of fully-mechanized hard top-coal caving with large inclination angle is studied in this paper respectively in the two aspects of changing caving characteristics of top-coal and caving process. By adopting the method of top-coal pre-blasting to weaken top-coal, the caving characteristics is effectively improved which creates conditions for the successful caving of top-coal; meanwhile, the statistical result of recovery rate of top-coal is obtained by using numerical simulation software PFC2D based on particle element model, it is found that coal loss during top-coal caving and the loss at the ends of working face is effectively reduced when 2 cuttings and 1 caving method with multi-round spaced drawing is taken, which significantly improved the recovery rate of top-coal and it has passed the field test of industrial experiment. This technological achievement could provide some reference to the fully mechanized working face in this coal mine or working faces under similar geological conditions.

In order to improve economic performance of a new type underwater turbine engine, objective function with maximizing inner efficiency in design condition is constructed based on establishing design calculation model of single stage impulse turbine engine. By using GA algorithm, optimization match study is finished among four parameters, such as working back pressure of turbine engine, mean diameter of turbine cascade, air-in inclination angle and diffuse angle of nozzle, and whose effect on inner efficiency is studied respectively. Results show that, for the engine studied, inner efficiency has sensitivity to working back pressure, while not to diffuse angle of nozzle. Which has been improved by 6.24% after optimization design in design condition, and working substance consumption per second has been decreased by 5.87% correspondingly, so economic performance of the studied engine has been improved obviously. The established model and its calculation results provide initial model and parameters for thermodynamic simulation for turbine engine in off-design condition.

In this study, a kind of novel flexible foam-core sandwich composite was involved. The flexible foam-core sandwich composites were fabricated based on 3D warp-knitted spacer fabrics. The foam-core was filled in the spacer fabric by using a kind of modified hydrophilic polyurethane foam. In order to investigate the effect of spacer yarn inclination angle on the compression behaviors. A compression test was carried out. The compression stress-strain curve was used to analyze the effect of 3D warp-knitted spacer fabric spacer yarn arrangement. According to the experiment results, it indicates that the spacer yarn arrangement could influence the anti-compression capacity of the sandwich composites obviously. Therefore, the spacer yarn arrangement of 3D warp-knitted spacer fabrics can be changed to meet specific end-use requirement for foam-core sandwich composites.

In order to study the performance of Hiper Strut suspension and find out the factors which affect its performance, a simulation model of Hiper Strut suspension was established based on Adams/Car and a kinematics optimization was carried out based on Adams/Insight. The result shows that both of its caster angle and kingpin inclination angle change only a little during the parallel wheel travel simulation test. After modifying the coordinate values of some hard points which were found out by using Adams/Insight, the suspension gets a better performance. The established model and optimization could be a foundation for further study of this new suspension.

There exist low recognition speed and non-ideal recognition effect in some recognition algorithms of paper currency value. One of very important reasons is that the shooting angle makes the image inclined. This paper firstly analyses the binarization processing of RMB 100-Yuan image and then the method of acquiring straight lines in image is discussed. Thus, the inclination angle of image is calculated by using the obtained straight lines. Finally, through rotation transformation, the inclination image is corrected. The experimental results show that this algorithm has a good corrected effect to the inclination image of paper currency and improves the image recognition effect.

In order to understand the characteristics of fire whirls in the inclined shaft with corner gap, large eddy simulations (LES) of thermal flow field in a 9-meter-high inclined shaft were employed. In the inclined shaft, the conrner gap is 0.3m and 0.7m in width, and the inclination angle is 5°, 30°, 45°, 50° and 55° from the vertical orientation axes respectively. It is found that a whirling flow field could be formed under proper inclination angles and corner gap width. Rotational axis of fire whirls in the inclined shaft would have same inclination angles with the shaft. Similar to the case of fire whirls in a vertical shaft, the width of corner gap of inclined shaft also influences the whirling motion of the flame. In this paper, for the same fire and inclination angle, the 0.3-meter-wide corner gap is easier to form stable fire whirls than the 0.7-meter-wide corner gap. By comparison with buoyancy, the slightly greater Coriolis force was found above a height 3m for inclined fire whirls when the width of croner gap is 0.3m, however, the Coriolis force acts only on the lower part of the shaft when the width of croner gap is 0.7m.

One framework that fuses features for abnormal behavior recognition in videos was proposed, which provides increased robustness to noise and pose variation. First, ROI division of suspected pedestrian is achieved by optical flow method, which greatly reduces the dimensions of training data. After that, the proposed method uses the adaboost training to recognize pedestrian effectively. To capture the imaging variations and attributes of individuals, we use types of features: center track and inclination angle. Finally, D-S evidence theory is used to combine these features, which aims to recognize the abnormal behavior correctly. The results demonstrate that the recognition rate can be improved by the fusion of features.

Subsea connector is one of the critical device used in the development of subsea wells. Analyzing the locking mechanism is important for the optimization design of it. An simple method based on freebody diagrams and simple friction theory is demonstrated to analyze the mechanical advantage of subsea connectors, which is mainly related to coefficient of sliding friction. The equation derived is plotted for different sets of friction coefficient to analyze their influences. It is demonstrated that the mechanical advantage(MA) is highest at friction coefficients near zero. Changes of a few range may alter connector clamping force by a significant factor.

The method to analysis the influence of error sources on the fiber optic gyroscope north seeker is presented in this paper. The influence of various error sources of the north seeker are investigated comprehensively. The simulation results indicate that the precision of gyroscope is the most important influence factor; the influence of the position rotation error and mounting error are greater than that of the inclination angle measurement error. Based on the analysis, the advisable scheme to improve the accuracy of the four-position north seeker is proposed. The experimental results met the accuracy requirement well, which proved that the compensation and error analysis method in this paper are effective and feasible.

Boring operations of deep holes with a slender boring bar are often hindered by the precision because of their low static stiffness and high deformations. Because of that, it is not possible to remove much larger depths of cuts than the nose radius of the tool, unlike the case of turning and face milling operations, and consequently, the relationship between the cutting force distribution, tool geometry, feed rate and depth of cut becomes non-linear and complex. This problem gets worse when working with a rotating boring head where apart from the cutting forces and the variation of the inclination angle because of shape boring, the bar and head are affected by de centrifugal forces. The centrifugal forces, and therefore the centrifugal deflection, will vary as a function of the rotating speed, boring bar mass distribution and variable radial position of the bar in shape boring. Taking in to account all this effects, a load and deformation model was created. This model has been experimentally validated to use as a corrector factor of the radial position of the U axis in the boring head.

In this paper, the effects of the variational combinations of cutter inclination angle in feed direction and the feed per tooth on the machined surface hardness were mainly concerned. The cutting forces transformed from the measured cutting forces in OXYZ and the SEM microstructures of the surface layer were analyzed to explore the generation condition of the hardness. Variations of the surface hardness are not apparent with the increment of feed per tooth with the identical other cutting parameters. Inclination angles in feed direction of approximately ranging from 10° to 15° and from 25° to 30°, which correspond to high surface hardness, are suggested to be applied in cutting process when high abrasive resistance is expected. While values of inclination angle approximately equal to 0° and 45° are prior to be chosen when high shock resistance performance is firstly expected. Optimization of the cutting parameters, which could offer guidance to the machining of sculptured surface concerning cutter inclination angle, was presented.

Five-axis milling is used in the machining of complex shaped surfaces in a wide range of industries. In five-axis milling, one can adjust inclination angle to adapt such machining condition, e.g. to give high material removal and/or to avoid gouging. Choosing an appropriate inclination angle is difficult especially for complex parts with varying surface curvature. On the one hand, a small inclination angle is recommended to have good surface roughness and small scallop height. On the other hand, some regions may need much larger minimum inclination angle compared to the others to avoid gouging. The trade off for this is to have, in practice, a varying minimum (which is considered to be optimal) inclination angle along the tool path, so that while machining, the tool is dynamically adapted to be as close as possible to the surface without gouging. However, applying inclination angle change over some distances influences the quality of machined surface. This paper presented a method to control such inclination angle change to improve part accuracy. Some experimental were conducted to see the results and compared with the one when inclination angle change is not controled. The propose method effectively reduces the surface deviation thus improve part accuracy. More details about this study are presented in the paper.

To research the actual resistance for excavator in digging process, the relationship between manipulator motion, cylinder pressure and digging resistance was analyzed. On this basis, the equation for calculating digging resistance of excavator was proposed. By using tension sensor, a digging resistance test was done under the actual digging movement environment. And the obtained inclination angle and hydraulic cylinder signal data were imported into digging resistance calculation equation to get a calculation resistance. After comparing the calculation resistance with the tension sensor readings, the following conclusions can be derived: this calculation equation can reflect effectively the size and dynamic process of actual resistance during digging operation, and it can describe the instantaneous changes and impact status of real resistance much better can the empirical equation in which the resistance is directly proportional to the digging depth.

This paper describes for verification of bending effect on the performance of the heightwise-asymmetric plunge cutting method, which was composed of an upper-wedge blade and a lower-wedge blade embedded in the lower-counter plate, in order to apply this cutting method for a polycarbonate (PC) thick sheet. By varying the tip angle αU and the tip thickness wU of lower blade embedded in the counter plate, and combining a standard steel cutting rule of 42° center bevel blade, the sheared profile of two kinds of PC worksheet (the thickness of which was chosen as t=0.5, 1.0 mm) was experimentally investigated. Through this experiment, it was found that the sheared profile (the necked height ηn, the upper inclination angle β, the lower inclination angle βU) of PC worksheet was primarily characterized by the normalized lower tip thickness wU/t. The difference of sheared profile was explained using the Prandtls punching solution for two kinds of PC worksheet. Furthermore, by varying the heightwise position of lower blade tip, the bending effect on sheared profile of worked sheet was experimentally verified.

The influences of inner layer′s (spacer yarn′s) pattern, surface structure of fabric, thickness, and spacer yarn′s diameter on compression resistance of warp knitted spacer fabric were investigated in the study. The compression tests involving 10 samples were carried out by TexLab Precision Instruments CT250 based on Chinese standard FZ/T01051.2-1998. The results show that inner layer′s pattern and surface structure affect the compression resistance of spacer fabric by changing the inclination angle of spacer yarn, the closer spacer yarn keep vertical, the better compression resistance of fabric. The laws of force exerted on spacer yarn followed by fabric′s thickness differ according to compression rate, the compression resistance increases as the thickness increases when the deformation of fabric is small (less than 4.90%), but decreases when the deformation is large enough (more than 19.20%). The diameter of spacer yarn has apparent effect on compression resistance, and the fabric with finer spacer yarns has lower compression resistance.

The in-situ tests of horizontal bearing capacity on inclined steel pipe piles were conducted in the sea near Shanghai. Based on the field experiment with the lateral unidirectional and single cycle loading test method, this document presents the horizontal displacement and bearing capacity on the inclined steel pipe piles with negative and positive inclination angles. And the horizontal bearing capacity of the steel pipe pile with positive inclination angle is larger than the one with negative inclination angle. And the tests results can be provided for similar engineering reference.

It is indispensable to designing reshaping devices for ridge-till and no-till seeders that can work on the permanent ridge stably and have good seeding quality. The structural drawing of a reshaping device was designed according to the agricultural requirement of planting several rows crops on each ridge. Structural parameters and operating parameters of the device were analyzed and calculated, including dimensions of disk, deflection angle and inclination angle. Then, working resistance of the device was discussed. The virtual assembly model was constructed with Autodesk Inventor finally, which can contribute to designing other similar reshaping devices through updating the dimension of correlative parts.

In high speed ball-end milling hardened steel, the increase of hardened steel hardness and cutting efficiency make cutting loads changing, and fuzzy and uncertain properties exist in evaluating cutting vibration and machining surface quality. To explore the means for high efficiency and precision machining hardened steel, carried out the experiment of high speed ball-end milling hardened steel, and acquired behavior data of high speed milling characteristic and influencing factors. Founded the model of high speed ball-end milling behavior characteristic using grey system theory, acquired the behavior sequence of high speed ball-end milling hardened steel. Accomplished incidence analysis of high speed milling characteristic, and proposed the solution to high efficiency and precision machining hardened steel. Results indicate that the increase in cutting efficiency makes workpiece vibration and the increase in surface roughness. The influence of the row spacing on the vibration in feed direction is more remarkable than the vibration in row spacing direction. Grey incidence matrix of high speed ball-end milling characteristic reveals the interaction level of characteristic and influencing factors. Increase in rotational speed and row spacing, and decrease in feed per tooth and inclination angle of cutter can restrain availably the vibration in high speed ball-end milling hardened steel, and obtain higher cutting efficiency and surface quality.

For the instability of ball-end milling cutter in high speed milling, instantaneous cutting process of high speed milling hardened steel was studied. The model of instantaneous cutting layer parameters of high speed ball-end cutter was established, and the influence of cutting speed and inclination angles on instantaneous cutting layer parameters were obtained. Using the model, instantaneous cutting force was studied, and high speed milling experiment was processed. Results show that the increase of cutting speed makes the change rate of cutting layer parameters increasing, leads to the energy concentration in cutting process, and increases the impact on milling cutter. The increase of inclination angle makes the instantaneous cutting layer parameters show a trend of decrease and the decrease of cutting thickness more rapidly, which caused instantaneous unit cutting force to increase and the instantaneous main cutting force appears increasing trend, and the cutting process become unstable.

It is studied the collected heat by collectors fixed on the outside wall of balconies when the shape and direction of balconies, and inclination angle of collectors are changed. Total heat collected by three walls of the rectangle balcony toward southeast or southwest is more than the one collected under other conditions. Total heat collected by rectangle balcony toward south would be increased when the inclination angles β of collectors are reduced. As β=70°, and the collectors were installed only on the south wall, to make water temperature above 60 °C in 150 L tank, extra energy needed is equivalent to 46.5 kg/a standard coal; if collectors were installed outside three walls of balcony, extra energy is not needed.

Because of the complexity of five-axis ball-end milling process, it is difficult to control the quality of the finished parts. It is well known that one of the most important differences between 5-axis and 3-axis CNC machining is whether tool-axis vector is variable in milling process. In this paper, the tool orientation is researched in order to obtain desired surface quality and improve production efficiency. And the influence of tool inclination angle on surface integrity, especially surface topography/roughness and residual stress in high-speed milling of P20 die steel is studied by means of milling experiments including 8 cases of ball-end milling of freeform surface. Finally, the optimal tool inclination angles including lead angle and tilt angle and milling method were obtained for 5-axis ball-end milling. And in the meanwhile, cutting condition can be improved and better surface quality can be obtained by selecting reasonable tool inclination angles and up/down milling method.

This paper deals with prediction of improvement in surface roughness in helical scan grinding by simulation of virtual ground surface with a 3D-CAD model. It has been found that, by choosing the value of parameters of four grit conditions such as grit arrangement, protrusion height, apex angle and inclination angle randomly to a real wheel, the maximum unevenness of the virtual ground surface and tendency of its change with feed angle nearly coincide with the surface roughness in the experiment of helical scan grinding. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that this analyzing method can be applied to R-shaped groove grinding and suggested that helical scan grinding is effective in grinding bearing grooves.

The transmission of sound through all-metallic sandwich panels with corrugated cores is investigated using the space-harmonic method. The sandwich panel is modeled as two parallel panels connected by uniformly distributed translational springs and rotational springs, with the mass of the core sheets taken as lumped mass. Based on the periodicity of the panel structure, a unit cell model is developed to provide the effective translational and rotational stiffness of the core. The model is used to investigate the influence of sound incidence angle and the inclination angle between facesheet and core sheet on the sound transmission loss (STL) of the sandwich structure. The results show that the inclination angle has a significant effect on STL, and sandwich panels with corrugated cores are more suitable for the insulation of sound having small incidence angle.