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Nebkha plays a major role in the ecological and environmental stabilization by accumulating wind-blown sediments around shrubs. Grain-size characteristics of different positions on nebkha reflect the sorting effect of aeolian dynamics. Based on the collected sand grains of different positions on four types of nebkhas at the southern fringe of Taklimakan Desert, China, this paper provided detailed insight into variability of the grain size of surface sand on nebkhas. The results showed that: a) Grain-size distributions on shield-shapedKarelinia caspica Nebkhasunder natural condition had the larger spatial variability in comparison with the others. b) Grain size on nebkhas regularly showed the spatial variation. Grain size was increasingly larger along the windward slope upward, and then became finer along the leeward slope downward. c) The grain-size sortings of different positions on shield-shapedAlhagi sparsifolia Nebkhasunder new reclaimed land were the best.

Antibacterial layer was prepared on the aluminum surface by anodizing pure Al and electrodepositing Cu in the pores of the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane. The AAO membrane was generated by a two-step anodization process in oxalic acid solution. The electrodeposition of Cu was conducted in copper sulfate solution using alternating current. The structural characterizations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) show that Cu nanowires with an average diameter of 70 nm are assembled in the pores of the AAO membrane. The tests of antimicrobial properties against two typical bacteria of Escherichia coli (E. Coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) indicate that surface antibacterial layer of aluminum possesses excellent antimicrobial properties and the maximum value of the antibacterial rate can reach 99.9% both for E. coli and S. aureus.

Combining high thermal conductivity and high latent heat of phase change Materials (PCM) with heat pipe that has strong ability of heat transfer. A three-dimensional transient heat-transfer model was set up to simulate the temperature distribution in the lithium-ion battery under different conditions of heat generation rate and different ambient temperature. The study revealed that composite cooling system keep the battery temperature below 40.2°C on average working condition, the highest temperature was not exceed 48.7°C even under stressful conditions. However, use PCM without heat pipe as cooling system, the temperature was 2~6°C higher than composite cooling system at the same condition. The composite cooling system was superior to PCM cooling system, especially in high heat generation rate and high ambient temperature.

A novel method for the catalytic oxidation of o-chlorotoluene (OCT) to o-chlorobenzaldehyde (CBD) was proposed using vanadium doped anatase mesoporous TiO2 (V/MTiO2), the catalytic reaction conditions were investigated. Under the optimum catalytic reaction conditions: 10 mL of acetic acid 100 °C of reaction temperature, 10 h of reaction time and 100 mg of catalyst, the conversion rate of OCT could reach to 95.3%, with a selectivity of 63.5%.

The rigid-flexible coupling model of wind turbine was established in ADAMS to study the vibration characteristics, which was based on the working principle of megawatt wind turbine. The natural frequencies and vibration modes of the tower have been obtained by dynamic simulation analysis and vibration analysis of the wind turbine. The comparison of the first-order bending natural frequency by raley analysis algorithm and the first-order bending natural frequency by the software, which has validated the correctness of rigid-flexible coupling model of wind turbine, the analysis of vibration characteristic has verified the rationality of the structure of the wind turbine.

Mesoporous TiO2 with anatase crystalline structure (MTiO2) has been synthesized by using Lac Red as template. The synthesized mesoporous titania samples were characterized by a combination of various physicochemical techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), N2 adsorption/desorption. It was found that without any external doping MTiO2 exhibited significant high adsorption abilities for adsorbing the gaseous acetaldehyde by the adsorption ratio of 39.15%.

Cerium-doped microporous-mesoporous composite material (Ce-M-M) was synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Ce-M-M was characterized by N2adsorption-desorption and FT-IR. The results showed that the Ce-M-M has composite pore structure combining both micropores and mesopores, and the pore sizes are mainly located at 1.7 nm, 2.3nm and 2.7nm. The specific surface area of the Ce-M-M was 1288 m2g-1with a pore volume of 0.66 cc/g. In addition, NH3, a harmful component in cigarette mainstream smoke could be effectively reduced 66.9% by using Ce-M-M as an adsorbent.

The 3D model of bolt connection between flange and yaw gear was established in Pro/E and pre-processed in Hypermesh. Then build the contact model of bolts in ABAQUS and analyzed the statics performance by taking different preload in two kinds of working condition, which stimulated the preload and limit load condition. The results show that, through comparing the stress strength under different preload condition, the author puts forward a value range of preload for reference: Fv = (0.6~0.8) AS · σp0.2. The research provides a reference for strength check, fatigue analysis etc. of the bolt connection on yaw gear of the MW wind turbine generator system and other bolt connection systems, to facilitate further optimal design.

There are a lot of harmful components which is carcinogens in cigarette mainstream smoke, especially the ammonia, phenol and crotonaldehyde. The adsorption of ammonia on Al-Ca-SiO2 composite material was carried out in a batch home-made slurry-type reactor system. And the material was characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption and FT-IR. The results examined by Hongyun Honghe Tobacco (Group) Co. Ltd. reported that the Al-Ca-SiO2 has a high effect on the adsorption of ammonia (16.8%), phenol (10.3%) and crotonaldehyde (11.2%).

The visual and simulated system of the orbiting satellite based on the OpenGL technology is designed and realized in this paper, in which a visualization platform of the satellite in-orbit running is constructed. The simulation system has constructed the satellite model and the earth model by making use of 3DS MAX technology, and achieved the visualization of satellite in-orbit-running, the visualization of the communication route and of the overlay effect. At the same time, which has realized the access to the database of the orbiting satellite by means of ADO technology .The practices have proven that the system can simulate the whole process of satellite in-orbit-running in real-time, and provides the assistant support platform of the real-time management and decision. Apart from this, the system provides the network training of the space forces with virtual training platform. It is of great significance to construct the virtual battlefield simulation system.

Mesoporous cobalt doped aluminium oxide (Co/MAl2O3/RL) was synthesized using rubber latex as biotemplate by hydrothermal method. The synthesized mesoporous aluminium oxide samples were characterized by a combination of various physicochemical techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2adsorption/desorption and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). Espciallly, Co/MAl2O3/RL exhibited a high efficiency of acetaldehyde adsorption from mixed gaseous mixture.

In the process of deep etching of silicon, the metal film or the oxide film served as silicon protective layer needed to be etched before using plasma etching technology. In order to solve the etch rates variance of different aperture sizes and different pitchs periodic patterns, by controlling the water bath temperature and etching time, the etch rates of different aperture sizes and different pitchs periodic patterns at 50 degree centigrade had been developed. Also we contrasted the etching results at different bath temperatures and got the controllable and suitable wet etching bath temperature 50 degree centigrade. At last, the paper further explores the effects of feature size and the wet etching bath temperature on etch rate.

SUSXM7 Cu-bearing austenitic stainless stee1 was conducted with special antibacterial heat treatment and antibacterial properties of the steel were studied. The experimental results show that a suitable amount of ε-Cu phases can precipitate from the matrix of SUSXM7 steel after solution treated at 1100 °C and aging treated at 650 - 850 °C. ε-Cu phases are granular with diameter of 100 - 200 nm. SUSXM7 Cu-bearing austenitic stainless steels possess excellent antibacterial properties. Antibacterial rates against two typical bacteria of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus surpass 99.0％ and are basically equal to that of Cu-bearing austenitic antibacterial stainless steel researched widely now.

Based on the knowledge to defects and advantages of traditional ingot casting, a new approach for casting of aluminum alloy ingot, based on heat conduction by rotating heat pipes, is put forward in this paper. Different from the conventional casting method that cooling around ingot, the microstructure and properties of casting ingots can be significantly improved due to cooling of molten liquid from the central by rotating heat pipes proposed by this paper. Through simulation on the working process and the fields of flow and temperature, it can be speculatively seen that the ingot solidification is from inside to outside and that inner stress inside the ingot is compressive. The influences of speed of heat pipe bundle, casting speed and casting temperature on the temperature field in the ingot have been systematically studied. The ingots with different sizes can be prepared by changing size and structure layout of the heat pipes.

As a new type of Doppler wind radar, Wind profiler radar often suffers from a variety of meteorological factors. These interferences have great effect on the detection data precision, which leads to radar data quality problem. A data processing method based on Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is presented in this paper, which focuses on the nonlinear problems of wind data of wind profiler radar. This method is the development of traditional Kalman Filter (KF) in practical engineering applications. To verify the validity of this first-order EKF from different situation, one day’s and one moment’s wind data are selected respectively, as examples for filtering. EKF is better for data processing of wind profiler radar and has some engineering application prospects.

Vegetation cover in the upper reaches of the Yellow River basin and its relation to climatic changes were analyzed at one-month resolution, using AVHRR NDVI data and meteorological records from 1982–2006. Major climatic factors that affected vegetation changes in different regions of this basin were investigated. Correlation analyses revealed that high temperatures favored plant growth in most regions, especially the southern part of the study area (regions with alpine characteristics) during early and late periods of the growth season (i.e., relatively cold periods). Increased rainfall during spring had a strong positive effect on plant growth in the eastern and northern parts (semiarid regions) of this area. In contrast, increased spring rainfall had a negative effect on plant growth in the west and south (regions with abundant rainfall but insufficient thermal energy).

In this paper the Fisher information of Gaussian pure States is studied. Based on the definition of joint non-classical properties, we calculate the non-classical properties of Gaussian pure States. The results show that the Fisher information and Fisher length are efficacious tools to study the non-classical properties of quantum States.

Ultra-thin Titanium foil, which is widely used in manufacture of thin-walled titanium tubes, automobile parts, medical and other industrial fields, is an excellent structural material. Micro-plasma arc welding system which was developed independently by Shanghai University of Engineering Science was used in the experiments of welding Titanium foil 0.05mm thick. Welding experiments were carried out with matching parameters including welding current type, welding current value, pulse frequency, ratio of peak value and base value of pulse current, amount of lap and the other welding process parameters set constant, achieved one side welding both sides formation and got good welding formation. Based on these experiments, influences on welding quality induced by those factors are analyzed.

Dust supply is important to sandstorm occurrence as well as wind regime. Dust supply is closely related to groundsurface conditions showed by these index soil physical composition, soil moisture, vegetation cover, human activities. The physical conditions of groundsurface in the Tarim basin is distributed in a ringlike pattern. From edge to hinterland, there are various landscapes in turn as follow: mountains, piedmont pluvial and alluvial fans and plains and shifting desert. At the same time, in this turn, different types of soil has been developed there: brown desert soil, ancient oasis cultivated soil (anthropogenic-alluvial soil), swamp soil, desert forest meadow soil, paddy soil, saline soil, takyr soil, shifting sandy soil, and so on. Through comprehensive analysis, some conclusions were drew as the follow: (1)shifting deserts are the major dust source of sandstorm occurred in the hinterland and the south fringe of the Taklimakan Desert; (2)cultivated soils are another dust source of sandstorm occurred in oasis areas disturbed by high-intensity human activities; (3) gobi deserts in upper of piedmont pluvial and alluvial fans and desert forest areas on alluvial plains are the potential dust sources with high dust-emitting ability that can be activiated by human activities.

Four types of heat sources of a dynamic lithium-ion battery (LIB) during charge were studied, and temperature distributions inside the dynamic LIB caused by the four kinds of heat generation sources with different currents and temperatures during charge were simulated by using a electrochemical-thermal three-dimensional model. The ohmic heat is the largest heat resource with about 63.5% in the total heat generation during regular charge, the electrochemical reaction heat is dominant when the SOC is below around 10%, and the subsidiary reaction heat can not be ignored when the temperature in the battery is above 80°C. Current as well as ambient temperature plays a very important role in the overall thermal behaviors of the battery.

A relative full-scale numerical simulation has been conducted on oscillating heat pipe(OHP) with single passageway(S-OHP)and double passageway(D-OHP). Mathematical model for studying the influence on the heat transfer performance of the number of passageway was built, including turbulence model, volume of fluid model, continue surface force model, and heat and mass transfer model caused by phase change, and all of which were based on the consideration of gas-liquid interface, wall adhesion angle, surface tension and process of phase change. Results showed that, on the one hand, strong coherence of the initial gas-liquid distribution, as well as the flow phenomena during boiling stage, were found between S-OHP and D-OHP, on the other hand, the heat-transfer capability of the D-OHP is slightly higher than the S-OHP.

In this paper, it introduces the work principle of abrasive waterjet polishing (AWJP) and analyzes the jet distance to the influence of the AWJP under a certain pressure, with a numerical simulation and analysis to the jet distance based on jet mechanics and fluid dynamics. By establishing the physical models of the different jet distance of the AWJP and adopting the Realizable k-ε model and the SIMPLEC algorithm, it gains the jet flow field of the AWJP with different jet distance models and the distribution of turbulence intensity and pressure and velocity on the workpiece surface. The numerical simulation results of the different jet distance were analyzed and compared, according to the AWJP to the characteristic requirement of the jet. By doing the polishing experiment with a abrasive waterjet cutting machine, it verifies that the best polishing distance range of AWJP is from 10 times to 13 times of the nozzle diameter, which provides the theoretical basis for the process research of the AWPJ in the future.

According to the operation condition of megawatt wind turbines yawing reducer, an assembly model of megawatt wind turbines yawing reducer is established, and aiming at different load conditions, the tooth surface of three teeth planetary gear model is analysised with using finite element analysis software-ANSYS ,including three-dimensional nonlinear contact analysis and structural finite element analysis which simulates contact stress of engagement pairs during the operation process of planetary gear. The results indicated that when the torque is M1=100N·m, the maximum stress on the engagement pairs is 177.584MPa; when the torque is and M2=300N·m, the maximum stress on the engagement pairs is 329.607MPa, which were less than the yield limit of planetary gear materials, but it can meet the design and operation requirements of planetary gear of megawatt wind turbines yawing reducer.

Carbon fiber powder (CFP) instead of the traditional glass fiber (cloth) was used to reinforce epoxy resin for rapid tooling. There are two obvious advantages: one is to utilize the waste materials, which is good for the protection of the environment; another is to simplify the producing process by cast molding. The filling amount and dispersing process of CFP was studied in this paper. The results show that when the amount of CFP was 10 wt%, and the ultrasonic time is more than 15 min, the CFP can be dispersed in the epoxy matrix uniformly, and the mechanical properties can meet the requirement of epoxy molding.

Nitrate is one of the major nitrogen forms absorbed by plants. Dual-wavelength Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry (DUS) is a simple, rapid and environmental method to measure soil nitrate. In this study, DUS as well as Phenol Disulfonic Acid Procedure (PDAP) were adopted to analyze nitrate in five types of soils in China. It was showed that the concentrations of soil nitrate determined by DUS were higher than those by PDAP. Meanwhile, these two series of measurements were significantly correlated. Therefore, the DUS is worthy in rapid detection of soil nitrate.

The ship facilities didn’t be constructed in step with the construction of Dahua Terminal in Hongshui River of Guangxi province, while the argumentation didn’t be carried out when navigation lock was built out. In the condition above, when the navigation lock was completed, the navigation flow conditions in the entrance area of downstream and the linkage section was bad, so ships were difficult to enter the approach channel. The research of navigation flow conditions and nay navigation mechanism in the entrance area of downstream and the linkage section in current condition was implemented through physical model combining ship model. The method of using traditional navigation wall and navigation pier to improve flow conditions didn’t be adopted in renovation research. The new renovation idea of changing inflow conditions was used innovatively and bad flow pattern problem was solved by using deep pools terrain in the entrance area of downstream. After the implementation of the engineering, nay navigation problem was solved effectively and ships could pass the terminal successfully. This engineering provides a new way to solve similar terminal navigation problem.

The ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by Nucleation-Crystallization Separation and co-precipitation. The structures and formed phase temperature of the samples were researched by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and DSC -TGA. Gas sensing properties of the samples were measured by a stationary state gas distribution method under static state. The results show that the ZnO prepared from Nucleation-Crystallization Separation has a higher response to 50 ppm ethanol and gasoline than ZnO prepared from co-precipitation. The sensitivity of ZnO prepared from Nucleation-Crystallization Separation to 50 ppm ethanol and gasoline are 34 and 68, which is better than the sensitivity of ZnO prepared from co-precipitation (17 and 28). The good sensing property may be due to the independence of nucleation and crystallization steps, which helps the more uniformity and thermal stability and the larger space utilization of ZnO particles.