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The microstructure of complex binder pastes was investigated by means of XRD and SEM-EDS. The results show that adding fly ash means decline of cement content in cementitious materials, which leads to the decrease of Ca (OH)2 content in complex binder pastes. The Ca (OH)2 crystal still exists in the complex binder pastes at the age of 360 days. By replacing part of cement with fly ash, the early microstructure of complex binder pastes becomes loosened. With the extension of curing ages, a great quantity of low CaO/SiO2 ratio of C-S-H gel is generated, which makes complex binder pastes compact gradually.

Dispersion of carbon nanotubes in water largely determines the excellent properties of carbon nanotubes can be fully exhibited in the composite material. Summarizes the characteristics of all kinds of surface active agent, select several can represent various types of surfactant reagents to test and comparing the several kinds of surfactants on the dispersion of carbon nanotubes, and focus on the effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone special molecular structure on the surface of the carbon nanotubes.

Water consumption per ten thousand yuan industrial added value (WCPIAV) is the assessment indicator to implement the most stringent water management system to control water efficiency. This paper proposes trend analysis method, elasticity coefficient analysis method and influencing factors analysis method to predict WCPIAV in Jiangsu province, the experimental areas where implement the most stringent water management system. The results show that different methods predict well in different cities, influencing factors analysis method works better than the other two methods. An appropriate method should be selected depending on the specific situation.

The controlled synthesis of the pill shape ZnO nanoparticles with average particle size of about 75nm, which using cetyltrimethylammo-nium bromide (CTAB) as the morphology control agent and under facile conditions. The morphologies, structures and optical property of the product were characterized by SEM, XRD and FT-IR, etc. The ZnO nanoparticles were explored to kill snails the first time so that the prevention and cure of schistosomiasis from the source. The experiments demonstrated that the ZnO nanoparticles had an effective performance to kill oncomelania snails. The decreased glycogen content of snails was speculated on the main reason of their death. When the concentration of ZnO nanoparticles aqueous solution was 80 mg/L, the mortality rate could reach 96%.

This study tests the antimicrobial properties of pineapple leaf fiber. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared analysis (IR) and other test methods were used to examine the microcosmic morphologies of pineapple leaf fiber. As the pineapple leaf fiber adhesive content reduce fiber antibacterial. Adhesive content 54% of fiber to escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus antibacterial value is maximum. With further reduce fiber adhesive content, fiber antimicrobial declined obviously. The results indicate that the anaerobic bacteria can’t survive in the inside of pineapple leaf fiber where exist a large specific surface-area, lots of holes and Voids, and much oxygen. Pineapple leaf fiber contains a lot of phenols and their derivatives which are effective natural bacteria resistant materials and inhibit the metabolism and physiology of bacillus and other microorganism,break the structure of germ, and repress the generation of bacillus until the death of germ.Moreover, the existence of a small amount of cannabinol is adequate to kill the microorganisms.

The micro-structural and formaldehyde adsorption abilities of pineapple leaf raw and degummed fibers are characterized by using SEM, FT-IR, chemical composition analysis and determination of acidic oxygen-containing functional groups and more other methods. Test results show that after being degummed, pineapple leaf fibers possess smoother surfaces, obvious grooves, better single-fiber separations and non-significant cross-sectional cavities. Hemicellulose’s characteristic absorption peaks disappear basically and their contents are reduced from 20.62% to 2.65%. The intensities of lignins’ characteristic absorption peaks drop and their contents are decreased from 3.68% to 1.20%. The locations of celluloses’ characteristic absorption peaks do not change too significantly and their contents are increased from 61.18% to 84.45%. The numbers of carboxyl, lactone and phenolic hydroxyl in acid oxygen-containing functional groups are reduced. Pineapple leaf raw fibers have higher formaldehyde adsorption abilities. After degumming, formaldehyde adsorption abilities of pineapple leaf fibers are similar, but all slightly lower than raw fibers.

The corrosion behavior of galvanized steel for grounding grids in the red clay soil was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization curve measurement. The results show that the Iron-Aluminitma oxides can promote the galvanized steel corrosion in red solution. The resistance decreased with the increase of immersion time and the latter stage is less than the early stage. The corrosion current density of galvanized steel decreased with the increase of the content of Iron-Aluminitma oxides of soil solution.

Programmable constant-temperature/humidity test chamber owned by Natural Fiber Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Machinery, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, is adopted to analyze undegummed pineapple fibers’ moisture absorptions. Study and analysis on moisture absorptions, moisture-absorption isothermsand moisture-absorption isohumes with constant temperature and inconstant humidities are carried out and the results show that fibers’moisture absorptions present roughly a regularity of such three stages as 0~20%, 20~80% and 80~100% (RH). In low-moisture stage, moisture absorption rates are higher; in middle-moisture stage, they level off; in high- moisture stage, moisture absorption rates are the highest. Fibers’moisture absorption amounts decrease along with temperature rise; but under the condition of high humidity, they increase along with temperature rise and also increase along with humidity rise. Study on undegummed pineapple fibers’moisture absorptions may provide theoretical basis for undegummed pineapple fiber preservation and textile processing in some special industries.

We are concerned with the problem of interferometric phase estimation using multiple baselines. Simple close-form efficient expressions for computing the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for general phase estimation problems is derived. Performance analysis of the interferometric phase estimation is carried out based on Monte Carlo simulations and CRLB calculation. We show that by utilizing the Cramer-Rao lower bound we are able to determine the combination of baselines that will enable us to achieve the most accurate estimating performance.

Based on the flexibility matrix method, the elastohydrodynamic lubrication performance of journal bearing are studied. Comparisons are made the effect of elastic deformation on the center orbit of connecting rod big end bearing. The results show that bearing eccentricity has far exceeded 1 near the maximum combustion pressure, considering the elastic deformation of connecting rod big end bearing, changing trend of bearing center orbit is the same at other times.

The corrosion behavior of copper-clad steel for grounding grids in the coastal soil have been investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), polarization curve measurement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the corrosion current density of copper-clad steel increase with the increase of soil salinity, and the latter stage is less than the mid-term stage. The resistance increase and then tend to be stable with the increase of immersion time. The corrosion resistance of copper-clad steel in the non-salinized and light salinized soil is fine.

The research object is hydraulic tool turret cabinet of CNC lathe. Building the hydraulic tool turret cabinet model by Pro/E, then meshing the cabinet by Hyper-mesh software, finally calculating by the ANSYS. Do modal analysis and harmonic response analysis for the cabinet, then make the second order frequency maximum as a target, use the Altair OptiStruct to improve its dynamic structure. The result shows: though the quality of optimized body is increased, but it avoids the resonance frequency, which greatly reduce the possibility of resonance, and greatly improve the dynamic performance of the cabinet.

Analysis of the basic characteristic of cross wedge rolling forming process and the stress -strain research at various stages are summed up in order to obtain the basic rule of law and the metal flow regular during forming.

Since Menggulin reservoir fully been developed in1990, profile control technique is widely used for improving water swept volume. After multiple rounds and large-scales of polymer flooding by materials mixed with sol-gel and Yellow River clay, the formation damage such as depth blockage and stemming become more and more serious.According to statistics, in 2012 there are respectively 10 and 11 water injection wells happened with back flow of profile control agent and wells pressure higher than fracture pressure that without injection. The original reservoir permeability is good, and individual well production has the capacity of 40 to 50m3/d. Yet recently several oil wells almost have fewer even no liquid output due to the blockage and stemming. Estimated by a typical well group,the speed of sol-gel drive increased from 10 m/year to 50~60 m/year, and average water injection pressure were up to 16MPa which almost double original pressure while the only 2MPa pressure corresponding to oil wells. Hence, it show that the severe depth blockage of the formation exactly exit in Menggulin reservoir.

In view of rapid water cut increasing and poor oil recovery with banded distribution with high permeability belt in sandstone reservoir of Huabei Oilfield,the electrical bridge technique for water shut-off is proposed. Based on years practice of vertical wells and similarity in Ohms and Darcys laws,the electrical model involved variable resistors series/parallel instead of reservoir distribution,the arm-bridge circuit combined with signal detection. Then response of the circuit by variable water shut-off could be simulated. The results indicated that,the driving pressure and seepage quantity at mid-low permeability channel could be greatly improved by the strong in-depth water-plugging at high permeability channel (L=20~40m),and the low permeability flowrate increased to a maximum of 55.3%. Then the gel dam in-depth fluid diversion technique was verified by water plugging and circuit simulation. The conclusions provided a valuable guidance for horizontal wells development enhanced.

To determine the the fiber fineness in different parts of the old and young leaves. the pineapple leaf fiber of smooth cayenne was used as raw material, The results showed that, the length of fiber extracted from the old leaves of smooth cayenne pineapple ranged from 80 cm to 100 cm, and the average fiber fineness of the the tip and root were 14.40 dtex and 18.53 dtex, respectively. While the length of fiber extracted from the young leaves of smooth cayenne pineapple ranged from 50 cm to 70 cm, and the average fiber fineness of the the tip and root were 13.27 dtex and 14.77 dtex, respectively. Variance analysis reveals that the fiber fineness of root and tip in the old pineapple leaf showed significant difference (P

This paper presents a new topology of main circuit based on soft switching technology of ZVS-PWM. At present, hard switching is applied in most inverters. Because the switching power isnt equal to zero, a great number of losses on the switching are generated when the switching at a high frequency. To solve the fault of hard switching, this paper presents that apply the inverter circuits based on soft switching technology of ZVS-PWM to high frequency APF, which will decrease switching losses and noise greatly. The proposed topology and operation principle of the control method is discussed in detail, finally simulated results verify the effect of research.

Based on the mechanical analysis of the plate formed under pure bending, we developed the theoretical model of residual stress distribution pattern under single curvature cold-forming. The numerical method is used to simulate the forming procedure of The 3-d surface ship CNC bending machine, which help us acquire the stress and strain distribution of cold formed component and the relationship between steel plate thickness and its peak value of residual stress. The results show that the simulation model makes accurate prediction of the residual stress. The peak value of residual stress increases with the increase of plate thickness, and it decreases with the increase of bend radius.

Combining the South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project, the effect of cellulose fiber on the mechanical property, ultimate tensile value, compressive elasticity modulus, durability and crack resistance property of high performance concrete was studied. The test results show that mixing with the cellulose fiber in concrete has less effect on the compressive strength, but can improve the splitting tensile strength, the axial tensile strength and ultimate tensile value of concrete, extend the cracking time of concrete, reduce the crack width and the cracking area of concrete and improve the crack resistance of concrete.

Satellites solar array provides sustainable and reliable energy for satellite by changing the solar energy into electrical energy in order to ensure the normal working of the satellite. The working status of solar array is directly related to the satellites normal running in orbit. The thesis summarized the normal trend of the GEO satellites solar array output power, through comparing the real output power of a certain satellites solar array with the normal trend, and detected four abnormal phenomena of solar array output power. Then the thesis analyzed the reasons, and made related suggestions.

At present the transient mechanism in lumped parameter for analyzing single-phase grounding fault in indirectly grounded power system exist deviations. This paper analyzes the amplitude-frequency and phase frequency characteristics of the impedance in line-mode network and zero-mode network through the distribution parameter model of transmission lines. This paper also analyzes the mechanism of LC resonant process. A high precision model of single-phase grounding fault in system with neutral point ungrounded is established using simulation software like ATP and Matlab, and the resonance mechanism of the single-phase grounding fault transient process in the proposed system with neutral indirectly grounding system simulated and identified.

The paper argues that auto exhaust catalysts should be recycled to the whole industry chain as its the important part of the auto. After examining the current situation of scraped automobile catalysts in china, the article thinks that the recycling can not only contribute to environmental protection, also can resolve the current contradiction of rare material resources supplying gap in China. Especially when we improved the recycling efficiency of scrapped auto exhaust purifying catalysts, can environment get a great improvement. Then the paper considers a static and single-cycle recycling model contains three outlets, calculates the cost-benefit function, and gives one general decision-making process with two-dimensional linear programming under fuzzy parameters.

The microstructure characteristics of complex binders under two curing conditions were studied by observing the micro-morphology, analyzing the pore character and means of spectrum test. The results showed that high temperature curing improved the pore structure formed in the early hydration period and reduced the porosity and the coarse pores in pastes. More hydration products were generated on the surface of fly ash particles that made the microstructure of pastes more denser than cured in room temperature. However, high temperature curing had insignificant influence on the CaO/SiO2 ratio of C-S-H gel in pastes and contributed little to the improvement of the later hydration degree and microstrcture of fly ash-cement pastes.

Electrodeposition recovery of heavy metals in concentrated solution of wastewater treatment by complexation ultrafiltration was studied. In the study, cheap plategraphite electrode was applied in the traditional electric cell reactor. Current density and mass concentration of the electrodeposition for cupric and zinc recovery were discussed, and the optimal condition were determined. The results showed that the current efficiency of cupric and zinc recovery were more than 60%, and corresponding power consumptions were 11.5 kW·h/kg and 14.0 kW·h/kg, respectively.

Far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was used to study the conformation of wheat gluten protein treatmented by dynamic high pressure microfluidization (DHPM), acid treatment and its comprehensive treatment in two solvents. The results showed, the secondary structure of control sample are mainly consist of α-helix and random-coil in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and phosphate buffered solution with SDS(SDS), the secondary structure of control sample are mainly consist of β-Sheet and random-coil. The CD data also showed that SDS interacts with the gluten protein and modifies the protein conformation, which switched the conformation from α-helix and β-Turn to β-sheet and random-coil. However, the CD analysis also indicated that some of the ordered structures of α-helix, β-Turn and β-sheet were destroyed and converted random-coil coped with acid in two solvents, in other words, the acid treatment can directed change the secondary structure. Furthermore, the effect of comprehensive treatment (DHPM plus acid) is not equal to the simple sum of the individual treatment effect.

Switching converters and photovoltaic panels are nonlinear models, but existing PV inverter control methods are mostly based on the linearization control methods. The traditional linear methods are often difficult to eliminate static errors and the dynamic responses are not very satisfactory. In this paper, on the basis of nonlinear methods to control the switching converter, a mathematical model of discrete rotating coordinate system is given and an inverse optimal control method for single-phase grid-connected inverter control is proposed at the same time. This method achieved independent power control purposes due to implementing active and reactive power decomposition; and it is easier to use a microcontroller digital implementation for the discrete method. Simulation results show that this method can eliminate the static errors, and have a good dynamic response.

Concerned that wind generators start up and establish the stable terminal voltage of the stator which is connected to the grid, this paper presents that wind generator can be operated as the independent generator at a certain voltage and frequency by means of capacitive excitation. The paper also deduces the calculation method for the proper capacitance value of self-exciting startup of wind generator. The paper builds a simulation model based on real time digital simulator (RTDS) and takes a case for simulating self-excited startup of wind generator. Simulation results demonstrate that the wind generator with self-excitation can successfully start up and be connected to the grid, it make a good agreement of actual situation. Furthermore, the results of RTDS simulation show that only proper capacitors value from optimized calculation can lead to a normal terminal voltage characteristic. The validity of proposal methods and designed simulation model is verified by experimental and computed results.

The microstructure of X80 pipeline steel in different directions were observed by SEM technique and its effective grain size and misorientation were statistically analyzed by EBSD system. Based on these results, the mechanical properties at 0°, 45° and 90° to the rolling direction of X80 pipeline steel were studied. The results show that, owing to finer grain size and less low-angle grain boundaries, strengths and impact toughness of X80 pipeline steel at 90° direction are optimal. While the pipeline steel possesses finer grain size, more high-angle grain boundaries and less low-angle grain boundaries, the crack propagation is effectively suppressed, then its impact toughness is improved.

Selecting the power supply mode for important power consumers involves two aspects of reliability and economy. Combining with the power system reliability analysis method and taking full account of each component failure mode and their combination patterns, this paper embarks from the reality, accurately calculated the reliability indices of these power supply modes by minimal-cut sets, and then used the reliability indices to estimate the power losses of the users, finally used the theory of reliability cost-benefit and took the minimizing social costs that consist of reliability costs and outage losses as the goal to compare and analyze the reliability cost and the users outage losses under different power supply modes, obtained the suitable power supply mode for different important level of users.

Fast and accurate segmentation of the facial feature regions is of great significance to research on objectification of complexion diagnosis. In this paper, we used the active appearance model (AAM) system to accurately locate 68 key points, and segmented the face region simultaneously. According to the Chinese medicine complexion-viscera principle, five face regions representing the five internal organs were segmented by using 68 key points. Experiments have shown that this method was efficient and fast for facial feature region segmentation, and laid a foundation for further research of objectification of complexion diagnosis.

Chose high-chromium cast iron as the material to make the mud pump shell, the composition of high-chromium alloy has been optimized and five kinds of alloy ( A, B, C, D and E) are designed. Furthermore, using the heat treatment method of air-cooled quenching of 1040°C + 260°C tempering, the relationship among material hardness, the impact toughness and the heating temperature is analyzed after heat treatment. Finally, the abrasion performance of wear-resistant materials is tested. The test result shows that all kinds of wear-resistant materials display well anti-abrasion performance, where the material E has the best relative wear resistance and 19.3% higher than the imported pump casing material. The results provide a scientific standard for selecting the practical wear-resistant materials and locating the piece casting bivalve pump of Cr26 high-chromium cast iron.

in the River, velocities of surface water flow typically are larger than the near-bottom flow. Combined with background of artificial disturbance sediment, surface water flows is taken to the river bottom to loose and raise sediment, dredge and so as to achieve the purpose of slowing river siltation. Preliminary tests showed that using low-power diversion disturbing sand dredging system, flow velocity of disturbing nozzle is larger than the incipient velocity of sediment, and the purpose of disturbing sediment and sediment transport can be obtained.

Pipe drainage system is used mostly on urban area, but under the pressure of the rapid urbanization, the disadvantages of traditional pipe drainage system are more and more serious. Analyzed the urban rain flood utilization situation in China and foreign countries, and main problems of traditional pipe drainage system in China, the key technology of comprehensive utilization for urban rain flood is put forward, which contains the multi-function tunnel building based on the concave green fields constructing, permeable bricks laying, reservoir constructing for rain flood collecting. This method can effectively prevent the drought or flood disaster due to inadequate or extensive rain volume and can make full use of rain flood resources too.

Packing problem is how to arrange the components in available spaces to make the layout compact. This paper adopts a digital modeling algorithm to establish a novel rubber ballon convex hull model to solve this problem. A visible point puls maximum distance method analogy QuickHull algorithm is presented to get extreme points of rubber ballon convex hull. Movement resolution aim at force analyze and calculate the resultant vector to translate, rotate and slide the component to make the volume decrease in detail. An experiment proved this digital modeling algorithm effective.

Graphite-amorphous carbon films were grown by sputtered Ni target in Ar/CH4 mixture atmosphere. The impacts of N2 import into reaction system on the structures and properties of the graphite-amorphous carbon films were studied. The results shown that graphite-amorphous carbon films with good hardness, elastic and friction coefficient were obtained at the N2/CH4 flow ratio below 20/80. Beyond the flow ratio of 20/80, the number and size of nanocrystal graphite decrease induce the bad hardness, elastic and friction coefficient of the graphite-amorphous films. Graphite-amorphous carbon films properties were possible correlate with the size and number of nanocrytal graphite and its crosslinking degree to carbon network, especially the former.

To reduce the fuel consumption and exhaust (HC, CO) emissions of parallel hybrid electric vehicle, the control strategy of the hybrid electric vehicle is studied in this paper. First it briefly analyzes the structure and working principle of the parallel hybrid electric vehicle drive system. Then a cost function is proposed which explains the fuel consumption and emissions. According to the minimum principle the minimum of the cost function can be got, consequently, the optimal control strategy can be obtained. Furthermore, in order to verify the effectiveness of the optimal control strategy, in MATLAB environment, it establishes a dynamic simulation model for hybrid electric vehicles. Through a comparative study between the optimal control strategy on and the traditional rules control strategy, the results of experiment it reveals that the optimal control strategy can effectively reduces fuel consumption and emissions of hybrid electric vehicles.

The arch slab roof has been widely used in engineering because of its beautiful appearance, good heat preservation and insulation behavior. In this paper, the arch slab crack on its lower chord was analyzed and calculated by project instance, for the causes on the problems of concrete strength below design standard. We can come to the conclusion form studies that the prestressed arch slab roof with strength of C30 or lower should not be used, while C35 may continue to use according to strength calculation and test. Studies dealing with the same type of problems are of profound practical significance.

Localization and navigation algorithm is the key technology to determine whether or not an AGV (automatic guided vehicle) can run normally. In this paper, we summarize the popular navigation technologies first and then focus on the positioning principle of Nav200 which is adopted in our AGV system. Besides that, the map building method and the layout of the reflective board is also introduced briefly. This paper introduced two navigation methods. The traditional navigation method only uses the sensor data and the electronic map to guide AGV. To improve positioning accuracy, we use the Kalman filter to minimize the error of localization sensor. At last some simulation work was done, the results shows that the localization accuracy was improved by adopting Kalman filter algorithm.

In history, traditional commercial centers played an important role not only in the growth, the development and the flourish of a city, but in the succession of historical culture and the local custom. In the modern society, the traditional commercial centers still affect a citys economy and culture in various aspects. At present, because of weakness of the related theories, people have various opinions about the traditional commercial centers. Therefore, how to understand correctly the connotation of the traditional commercial centers and how to study the programming of the traditional commercial centers at a higher level, is the main topic of this article. The article starts with the analyses of the concept of the traditional commercial centers. Based on surveys on-the-spot and the documentary data, it compares the similarities and differences between the practice and the theory in China, analyzes the success and failure, thus establishes the systematic programming mechanism of the traditional commercial centers. Under the guidance of the systematic programming mechanism, this article tries to establish the mechanism of the historical evolution, the development motivation, the goal-establishment, and the control in construction, so as to leads to its orderly development.

The research on combat resilience is a new subject proposed in recent years. As a matter of fact, there is so far no complete theoretical system guiding the design for equipments combat resilience. Thus, using the integrated design theory and methodology based on the systematic engineering, the basic theory of the design for equipments combat resilience is putted forward and established in this paper. Meanwhile, the methods and procedures of the design for equipments combat resilience are proved by an example of the design of certain fighter landing gear for improving the combat resilience.

This paper studies on the technology application and craft of printing process of high-grade anti-counterfeiting scratchcard invoice. The secondary flexographic additional printing process for scratchcard invoice was designed and used; also covering lottery information area printing technology with UV scratchcard ink was applied. This technology is very suitable for the high-grade anti-counterfeiting scratchcard invoice printing process, and can ensure the scratchcard invoice privacy and security, also meet user requirement. This technology provides new ideas for new-style high-grade anti-counterfeiting scratchcard invoice printing and production.

The paper wooden compound pallets are produced through the processing and assembly by using particle board, paper tubes and PE coated paper board as raw materials. Comparing with traditional wooden flat plate, the new type of green environmental protection pallets has many advantages such as high strength, light weight, low cost, waterproof, anti-moth-eaten, no need fumigation, etc. is an ideal green transport packaging materials for export commodities. The paper discusses and probes into the process and technology of paper wooden compound pallets.

The changes in emulsifying and foaming properties of wheat gluten treated by dynamic high pressure microfluidization (DHPM) were identified. Solutions of wheat gluten (4%, w/w) in water or in pH=2 aqueous solution were treated by various pressure (0, 40, 60, 80, 100 MPa) microfluidization. It was found that DHPM treatment could effectively improve the emulsifying property and foam stability of wheat gluten in water, but decrease the foaming capacity of wheat gluten in water and emulsifying and foaming properties of wheat gluten in pH=2 aqueous solution. These results may be useful to the food processing industry.

Weld parameter is an important factor affecting micrographic structure and mechanical properties of weld joints. It was investigated by metallographic experiments and mechanical property experiments for the influence of weld heat input on dissimilar steel weld joint of penstock using B610CF and 16MnR steel in water conservancy and hydropower engineering using shielded metal arc welding method and mixed active gas arc welding method. Metallographic experimental results show that in weld metal with the increase of weld heat input the quantity of bainite decreases and crystalline grain is larger when using the same welding method; but in both B610CF and 16MnR steel heat affected zone, there is no distinct difference in microstructure. Mechanical property experimental results show that in weld metal with the increase of weld heat input the impact toughness decreases when using the same welding method, but in both B610CF and 16MnR heat affected zone, there is less difference in impact toughness; and there is no distinct difference in tensile strength and plasticity of weld joint. So moderate weld heat input is recommended.

The fuzzy cluster analysis for monitoring data, based on SOM neural network, was applied to study the working behaviors of transverse joints of the super arch dam during construction phase. The parental samples were identified with the classification results of fuzzy-cluster researches. Thereby, the Elman network was used to diagnose test samples. Introducing the transverse joints monitoring data from super arch dam as an example, the results show that the proposed method has superb applicability and stability in both of error analysis and diagnosis accuracy.

The objective was to investigate the corrosion resistance performance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy surface containing fluorine polymer film and polymer film to cell toxicity. Be evaluating the application prospect in modified method of medical titanium alloy. Using spin coating technique and thermal cross-linking method to prepare fluorine polymer film on Ti-6Al-4V alloy surface, and then characterized by XPS and surface contact angle. By electrochemical corrosion method and the cytotoxicity experiment were to evaluate corrosion resistance and cytotoxicity of the fluorine polymer film. The results show the XPS of the experimental group were stronger spectrum peaks of element C, F; but the spectrum peaks of element Ti, Al were not observed, the surface contact angle in experimental group increased from 57.7° to 97.1°, compared with the control group. The results of electrochemical corrosion experiment showed that the corrosion potential increased from -0.82 V to -0.062 V, and the corrosion current density of the experimental group reduced from 1.301 × 10-5 A • cm-2 to 1.939 × 10-7 A • cm-2, compared with Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Meanwhile the cytotoxicity test showed that RGR values of the experimental group were greater than 90% at different time points, and RGR values were higher than 100% at 2 and 4 days. In conclusion, the Ti-6Al-4V alloy surface with the preparation of fluorine polymer film has better corrosion resistance and no cell toxicity. It has well prospect in clinical application.

In this paper the predictive control of switching system is introduced to the DC/AC converter. Our aim is to control the output power of converter closer to the reference. By considering the working status of DC/AC converter is actually switched among several definite subsystems, the switching system model of DC/AC converter is constructed. The tracking problem of converter output power can be changed to be that of its three-phase output currents. Based on the switching system model of converter, the three-phase output currents of those subsystems are predicted and the switching command is determined by examining the discrepancies between the three-phase predictive currents corresponding to each subsystem and the reference ones. Simulations demonstrate that our control scheme for DC/AC converter connected with ultra-capacitor has great advantages in output power tracking and sinusoidal output current waveforms.

The spinel CoxMn3-x O4 nanoparticles (SCMN) have been successfully grown on graphene sheets (GS) with a low cost in situ method in diethylene glycol (DEG) solution by using manganese acetate (Mn(OAc)2), cobalt acetate (Co(OAc)2) and graphene oxide as precursors. Excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) compared with those of commercial 20%Pt on Vulcan XC-72 (20%Pt@C) in alkaline solutions have been obtained.

The plate heat exchanger in oil cooler of unit 2 in a thermal power plant became corrosion perforation after 2-year running, and severe pits were found on its surface. The material and scale composition of the lubricating oil cooler was analyzed, and it was found that the oil cooler was made of 304 stainless steel, instead of the 316 stainless steel provided by factory. The corrosion products on the corroded surface were composed of some characteristic elements in cooling water. The analysis suggested that the reason for corrosion perforation of the heat exchanger could be associated with its material composition, and the under scale corrosion formed under the action of scale deposition could also cause corrosion perforation and large-scale pits.

Local material, mainly as wood, stone, brick, and tile is easy to get from the local area, and can reflect some regional characteristics. This paper classifies local material as pavement material, masonry material, and decoration material, which can be applied by trim, repair and transform technologies to the village environment and building remediation. In addition, this paper further analyses the function and usage of local material by case study.