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Plasma torch is one of the most important parts for plasma arc generating system. A design of orifices in a nozzle would decide the properties of plasma arc. However, mechanisms of orifice to plasma arc are seldom discussed. In this paper, the plasma arc with two assistant orifices were analyzed by finite element method. It was concluded that the plasma arc would be further compressed in the direction parallel to two assistant orifices, but expand perpendicular to assistant orifices. Through the constriction of two assistant orifices, the shape of the plasma arc would be elliptical other than circular of the oridinary plasma arc. The torch design with two assistant orifices could be available to many fields such as plasma arc welding, especially to a welding torch with a large pressure chamber.

In recent years, the mechanized soil compaction is becoming increasingly prominent problem with the rapid increase of agricultural mechanization level. The paper expounded that soil compaction influenced on soil environment including bulk density, hardness, porosity of soil, which resulted in soil structural characteristics change and soil quality degradation, it went against crops production. The improvement measures were proposed including agronomic measures, field craft measures, tractors driving and walking device technological improvement measures and loose soil measures for soil compaction.

A water-soluble fluorescent probe was described for detecting hydrogen peroxide with the naphthalimide derived as fluorophore and boronate moiety as recognition unit. The probe was developed as a turn-on fluorescent chemosensor with fast, high selectivity and sensitivity toward H2O2over other biological reactive oxygen species. What is more, the probe was linear response to H2O2concentration in the range of 2.5×10−8– 3.2×10−5M and lower detection limit down to 12 nM (S / N = 3) was obtained.

With the rapid development of computer networktechnology, and also can be used as well as the increasing number of users ofcomputer network, how to effectively guarantee the network information securitybecomes a key technology of computer network. This paper through the literatureinvestigation method to build the information system security risk evaluationindex system, and combining the expert evaluation process could not get all theinformation in the information system security, a method of information systemsecurity risk assessment is put forward. Was carried out on the key technologyof information system based on big data discussion and analysis, and brieflyintroduces its development prospects. Secondly illustrates the necessity ofintrusion detection, and the concept of intrusion detection and the model isgiven. Finally summarizes many kinds of intrusion detection method and thesystem structure, discusses the existing problems of this field and theresearch direction in the future.

A molecular dynamics simulation study has been performed for a system consisting of 15,000 atoms to investigate the formation and magic number characteristics of various clusters formed during the rapid solidification. Results indicate that the icosahedral cluster (12 0 12 0) plays key role in the glass transition. The size distribution of clusters in the system showing magic number characteristics, and the magic number sequence in the Mg2Ca system is 13, 19, 25, 36, 37, ....This magic number sequence is quite similar with that of the system of metal Al.

In this study, the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm was adopted to optimize the geometry of horizontal plate fin heat sink by the extreme entransy dissipation principle. The alculation of the entransy dissipation rate was presented in detail. Using the entransy dissipation rate as the objective condition, the geometry optimization of the fin heat sink was conducted. To verify the results, the heat source temperature and the entropy generation rate were also calculated in the procedure. It is found that the entrasy dissipation rate, entropy generation and heat source temperature have the similar trend. The extreme entransy dissipation principle and minimization of entropy generation play similar roles in the geometry optimization of plate fin heat sink.

A molecular dynamics simulation study has been performed for a system consisting of 10,000 atoms to investigate the microstructure evolutions during the rapid solidification. Results indicate that the crystallization has not enough time to complete due to the high cooling rate; therefore, a part of crystal structure is formed, in which the hcp and fcc basic clusters and some other metallic type clusters coexist in the final solidified structure.

The transport properties of transition metal atoms interfered alpha-graphyne nanoribbon systems are investigated by first-principles calculations combined with the Keldysh nonequilibrium Green’s method. In all, five types of configurations are considered. We find that intervention of three Cr atom in alpha-graphyne nanoribbon systems decreases the conductivity of the system. Further study show that the magnetic direction of the electrode infulence the spin filtering effect greatly, while the ralative magnetic direction of the three transition Cr atoms have little effect on the transport properties. At finite bias window, negative differential resistance happens. Proper analysis are given to explain the spin filtering phenonmenon and the different transport properties via transmission coefficient and projected density of states.

For the current smart building energy control algorithms are still large energy loss, poor energy-saving effect and other issues, this paper presents a fuzzy neural network algorithm based on improved BP algorithm, the improved algorithm of BP neural network algorithm first reverse dissemination and weighting coefficients are adjusted to accelerate the convergence rate of the original algorithm, and then build the improved BP neural network algorithm for fuzzy neural network, and then to improve it fuzzy membership function parameters to improve the efficiency of fuzzy neural network learning. Simulation results show that the proposed fuzzy neural network algorithm based on improved BP algorithm in the intelligent building energy control, with the algorithm is better than traditional BP neural network energy savings, reducing the energy loss rate.

The serials of blue phosphors, CaAl2Si2O8: Eu2+ doped with different content Sr2+ and Mg2+ ions, were prepared by solid-state reaction at high temperature. And their structure and photo-luminescent properties were investigated. In Ca0.96-ySryAl2Si2O8: 0.04Eu2+ (y = 0.10, 0.30, 0.50, 0.70, 0.90) system, for y ≦ 0.03, all the compositions crystallize in triclinic structure of CaAl2Si2O8, and on further increase of y, the system undergoes a compositionally induced phase transition from triclinic to monoclinic structure. For Ca0.96-yMgyAl2Si2O8: 0.04Eu2+ (y = 0.10, 0.30, 0.50, 0.70, 0.90) system, for z ≦ 0.03, all the compositions are of triclinic structure of CaAl2Si2O8. With the further increase of z, other phase appears. The emission spectra of these phosphors show blue shift with the introduction of Sr2+ ions, and red shift with Mg2+ ions. The reason may be due to the difference ionic radii of Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+. These phosphors show excellent blue emission and broad excitation band in near-UV (ultraviolet) range. They may be potential phosphors for near-UV light-emitting diodes (LEDs).

The Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope (UVOT) which is one of three scientific instruments onboard the NASA-led Swift satellite provides simultaneous ultraviolet and optical photometric data. We present the installing procedures of HEASoft software and the detailed method for using the HEASoft in UVOT photometric data processions. We focus on the application of photometry processes, and present the photometry of Quasar PKS 0537-441. The analysis of the photometric data shows that this source has extreme variations in optical and ultraviolet bands and the shape of photometric flux curves in each band is excellently in agreement with each other.

Includes the establishment of the spontaneous radiation of vertical cavity semiconductor optical amplifier (VCSOA) bistable model, numerical analysis and comparison of VCSOA and traditional SOA bistable characteristics of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) sensitivity.

This paper adopts the method of multi-phase flow to simulate the extrusion process of single-screw extruder based on different screw speed by using the finite element analysis software, and get the conclusion that the screw speed has a significant effect on the extrusion quality and outlet pressure of the single-screw extruder. With the increase of the screw speed, the extrusion quality of the single-screw extruder gets worse and the outlet pressure of the single-screw extruder increases.

This article introduces the basic concepts of optical access network, technical characteristics, the next type of optical access network applications, business support capabilities, configuration, structure, selection of future development trends of the optical access network.

In this paper, propylene oxide has been first used to modify octylpolyglycol phenylene phosphite (OPGPP). A novel thermoregulated ligand OPGPP-Rh was synthesized for enlarging the application range of thermoregulated phase separable catalysis (TPSC) proposed by us. The ligands being studied have distinct critical solution temperature (CST) in some organic solvents. The CST of OPGPP (EO+PO=26+6) is 70°C in heptane. The authors further investigated the catalytic activity, separation and recycling efficiency of rhodium complex for hydroformylation of 1-octene in the catalytic system with CST. The optimal reaction conditions were as follows: T=100 °C, p=6.0MPa, CO:H2=1:1, reaction time of 5 hours, n (substrate to Rh)=1000, the solvent of heptane. Under the above conditions, the conversion of 1-octene and yield reached 90% and 88%, respectively. The catalyst could be recycled for five times without obvious loss in catalytic activity.

We know that Inter-satellites communica-tion is a very important to us.However, real global coverage can only be achieved by satellite systems. Satellites communication is the most important mean of the communication network. The traditional satellites communication and inter-satellites links are built by microwave. Recent years, laser links for inter-satellites communication are becoming more and more important.

The screw edge width is usually selected based on experience when designing screw extruders, and it is difficult to get the best extrusion quality. The extrusion process of screw extruder is a process of multi-phase flow, which includes gas, liquid and solid. Making it simplified to single-phase flow process can cause relatively large error. This paper adopts the method of multi-phase flow to simulate the extrusion process of single-screw extruder based on different screw edge width by using the finite element analysis software, and get the conclusion that increasing the screw edge width appropriately under the condition that the production efficiency is acceptable is helpful to improve the extrusion quality of single-screw extruders.

The molecular dynamics simulations on the isothermal relaxation properties of supercooled liquid and glassy Pb have been performed. The calculated diffusion constant of Pb is well agreed with the experimental result. Results indicate that the relaxations of supercooled and glassy Pb present more and more pronounced heterogeneity with decreasing temperature. The appearance of the second plateau of mean square displacement (MSD) and the non-zero plateau of Non-Gaussian parameter (NGP) is corresponding to the rest of structure rearrangement.

According to the system structure of agricultural mechanization, the index system was set up, and the method of osculating value was applied for evaluating agricultural mechanization sustainable development in various regions, which were divided into three grades based on the evaluation result. Its causation of the differences was analyzed for the agricultural mechanization sustainable development, which is closely linked to regional disparities of economic development level and natural condition. Some suggestions, including preferential policies of state to regions with low level of agricultural mechanization sustainable development, were finally put forward in order to speed up realizing the agricultural mechanization in China.

Biomaterials used for vascular prostheses should possess certain strength that can keep the normal blood fluidity, as well as certain flexibility and elasticity that can resist blood pulsation pressure. In order to fabricate small diameter vascular prostheses (SDVP) that possess matchable mechanical properties with natural blood vessels, a bi-layered tubular structure composed of electrospinning blended nanofiber and silk fiber was designed and prepared in this study. The inner layer of the structure, prepared through electrospinning, was composed of Poly (L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) and silk fibroin (SF) blended nanofibers. Braided silk tube was used as the outer layer of the structure. Morphological, structural and mechanical properties including peak stress, peak strain, and Youngs modulus of the prototype bi-layered SDVP were characterized initially. Results showed that the diameter range of the blended nanofiber was between 100 and 900 nm, and the fiber diameter increased with the content increase of PLCL. Through blending PLCL together with SF, peak stress and peak strain of the electrospun inner layer were improved, and that of the Youngs modulus decreased. Meanwhile, the outer layer of SDVP was stronger and had higher Youngs modulus. Those mechanical performances of the prototype bi-layered SDVP fabricated in this study are similar to natural blood vessels, which provide a promising biomaterial that could be applied on tubular tissue engineering scaffolds.

Prestressed concrete-filled square steel tube truss is the kind of truss whose upper chords and lower chords are respectively concrete-filled square steel tube and prestressed square steel tube. Four truss models as square steel tube truss, concrete-filled square steel tube truss, prestressed square steel tube truss and prestressed concrete-filled square steel tube truss were analysed by ANSYS, each of those truss models’ span has three variations. The result shows that the bar sections’ strength of square steel tube truss and concrete-filled square steel tube truss are far from reaching their design strength when the allowable values of deflection has reachedl//400. Unlike the cases described above, when the bar sections’ strength of prestressed square steel tube truss and prestressed concrete-filled square steel tube truss has reached their design strength, their load-bearing capacity is 1 or 1.5 times higher than those cases above and their deflection has not reached the allowable values.

Single phase ground fault has the highest rate to happen in distribution network, use the method based on transient component can improve line selection accuracy effectively. sensitivity and directional selectivity can improved by using dual tree complex wavelet transform than using discrete wavelet translation, there is a decaying current fault line and normal line of difference, the difference is phase to phase delay reflected in current after wavelet transformation , the fault line and normal line zero sequence current and zero sequence current proportion relationship, there still worse a decaying direct current component, the normal phase between the two zero sequence currents are equal, therefore according to the phase relation after wavelet decomposition when will still be able to distinguish the fault line and normal line. Using the fast operation speed of digital signal processor can realized the fault line selection algorithm.

Because the direction of a single antenna is limited, and for strengthening the direct radiant ability of the antenna, we will put the weaker direction antennas together in some way to constitute an antenna array system. The antenna array is also called the array antenna or a disperse antenna array. The antenna cell can be the symmetry center-fed dipole, the aperture antenna, the circle antenna or other forms of the antennas whose direction are limited. In practice, the antenna array is almost constituted of similar antenna cells. I have mainly completed the antenna array direction diagram in conditions of some kinds of parameters. And at last, I get the useful results for practice. This also provides theories basis for the analysis of smart antenna.

The decolorization of Orange II in goethite/UV system was investigated. It was discovered that the optimum condition is: pH=3, [α-FeOOH]=0.5 g/L, [Orange II]=10 mg/L. Furthermore, the absorption of Orange II on goethite, and the effect of pH values, goethite dosage and carboxylate on the decolorization were investigated. The decolorization efficiency was 90% after 6h irradiation when the concentration of pyruvic acid was 1.0mmol/L, α-FeOOH concentration was 0.3 g/L, and Orange II concentration was 10 mg/L at pH 3.0. Besides, total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were determined, and a possible reaction mechanism was prompted as well.

The molecular dynamics simulation studies on the microstructure evolution properties of amorphous Ca7Mg3 alloy during the isothermal annealing have been performed. The simulated structure factor S(q) of Ca7Mg3 is well agreed with the experimental data. Results indicate that the metallic glass of Ca7Mg3 alloy is relaxed into amorphous structure of greater stability in which much more icosahedron structures is formed; interestingly, it is also found that the short short-range order has no change, while the short-range order of the system increases during the isothermal annealing process.

A facile low-cost non-vacuum process for fabrication of high quality CuInSe2(CIS) films is described, which indicates a promising way for the application in thin film solar cells. First, citrate-capped Cu11In9alloy nanoparticles are synthesized by hot-injection method after a system research on the different reaction time and Cu-In ratio of the raw materials. From the TEM and XRD results, we can see that uniform spherical nanoparticles with dominant Cu11In9phase and less particle-to-particle agglomeration are successfully achieved in this study. Then, employing spray and RTP selenization process, high quality CIS films with dense and big grains are obtained, which show the single chalcopyrite structure and the preferred (112) orientation. An energy band gap about 1.01 eV is measured through the absorption spectroscopy measurement in our work.

The beef flavor was selected to carry out toxicological analysis regarding food intake, body weight, organs weight and blood biochemical indexes in mice. The results show that beef flavor could suppress food intake but promote mice weight compared with the control group. Flavor intake has significant effect on the ratio of liver and lung weight to the whole body weight, but it has no difference in the ratio of heart, spleen and kidney weight. Some biochemical indexes about fat metabolism in blood such as the total protein, total bile acid and alkaline phosphatase are respectively 4 g/L, 0.7μmol/L and 23 IU/L more than the control group. These factors and cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the mice blood all have extremely significant differences (P

In China, many kinds of natural products extracted from plant and animal were used to treat cancer. Flavonoids extracted from tartary buckwheat and skin peptide purified from rufous-spotted torrent frog had respectively been proved to have anti-tumor activity. In present study, both tartary buckwheat flavonoids and amphibian frog peptides were applied for cell proliferation inhibitory activity against human gastric cancer MGC 80-3 cells using MTT assay. According to the data, the buckwheat flavonoids exhibited much stronger anti-tumor activity than amphibian peptides, and the complex mixture of this two kinds of bioactive compounds still possess anti-tumor activity.

An introduction was given to the basic structure principles and testing programs of EGR system. The technical key elements which can improve the comprehensive performances of EGR system were put forward, and these elements were composed of the choice of high pressure loop (HPL) and low pressure loop (LPL) EGR system, the design of EGR valve, the design of EGR cooling system, the uniformity of EGR in every cylinder and the matching with VGT system. Finally, a sum that EGR technical requirements meet different emission regulations was established

The heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr) and metalloid (As) in surface sediments and water samples from un-dredged and dredged areas in Dianchi Lake had been analyzed to investigate the removal efficiency of sediment dredging. Potential ecological risk index (RI) and simplified geoaccumulation risk index (Igeo) were used to assess the heavy metals accumulation and ecological risks. The results indicated that Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Cr2+ and As3+ were not detected in water of Dianchi Lake, and the heavy metal content of surface sediments in Caohai Lake was in the order of Zn2+>Pb2+>Cu2+>As3+>Cr2+>Cd2+, and that in Waihai Lake was in the order of Zn2+>Pb2+>Cu2+>Cr2+>As3+>Cd2+. Through comparing the heavy metal content in sediments from un-dredged and dredged areas, pollutants reduced after sediment dredging, which can be reflected by the Igeo values too. Potential ecological risk index showed that the potential ecological risks were at low level in Dianchi Lake after sediment dredging.

The thin films of CoFe2O4spinel ferrite were prepared on the substrates of monocrystalline silicon(100) at low temperature by means of a developed citrate processing.Structural properties and surface morphology of deposited films were examined using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). XRD patterns of all deposited films consisted of a single phase of cobalt ferrite and they did not have any preferred orientation. FESEM micrographs of CoFe2O4films showed that the film calcined at 400°C had a surface morphology different from the ones at 700°C and 800°C. The surface morphology of the samples was very different with various alcined temperatures. Magnetic properties measured at room temperature showed that the films did not have any magnetically preferred orientation. The maximum values of the coercivities measured at perpendicular and in-plane directions were 3.873 and 2.70 kOe, respectively.

Nowadays, the item-level lookup is quickly becoming a key issue in many application scenarios of Internet of Things (IoT). However, as a critical role of IoT, current lookup services and discovery services rely on a centralized or a chain-style framework, thus have some drawbacks, which prevent them from being widely adopted, as well as the item-level lookup service is still missing. Therefore, based on Chord, we presented IDSAa distributed item-level discovery service architecture for IoT, gave its basic framework and some relevant mechanisms to make the lookup services more load-balanced, scalable, and efficient. Additionally, some tests and analysis were given to validate and evaluate our solution. The results show that our solution is available.

The α + β dual-phase titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V, was thermohydrogen processed with 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 wt% hydrogen. Effect of hydrogenation on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy was systematically discussed. It was found that hydrogen stabled the β phase and leaded to the formation of α martensite as well as δ hydride in the hydrogenated titanium alloy. Mechanical properties of hydrogenated titanium alloy deteriorated with increasing hydrogenation content. The mechanism of hydrogen-induced microstructure/mechanical properties modification in Ti-6Al-4V alloy was elucidated.

The re-establishment of natural species-rich health lands on abandoned farmland is one of the main measures in soil erosion control in the Loess Plateau of China. This study was conducted to understand how enzyme activities changed with nutritional properties and microbial biomass in different vegetation types in the loessial gully region of the Loess Plateau. Soil samples were collected in different vegetations which had planted for almost 30 years. For the collected soils, nutritional, microbial and enzymatic properties were determined. The result showed that soil nutritional properties and microbial biomass were enhanced in black locust-amorpha, compared with black locust, but weakened in Chinese pine-amorpha compared with Chinese pine. Besides, soil urease, α-amylase, alkaline phosphatase, catalase, saccharase and cellulase activities in creased with restoration, but decreased polyphenol oxidase. Moreover, urease activity was obviously high in korshinsk peashrub and black locust for the nitrogen fixation of them, and α-amylase was high in Chinese pine for low pH value. However, there still was a certain gap to Chinese arborvitae which was considered to be the climax community in the region. In general, the distance of vegetations to Chinese arborvitae was grassland > black locust > Chinese pine> korshinsk peashrub > Chinese pine-amorpha > black locust-amorpha.

The properties of the base metal, weld and joint of CCS-B material for sandwich plate used in ship structurewasconfirmedthrough the tensile test,which provided the data parameters for the finite element simulation;The three points bending test for laser-weldedI-coresandwich plate was simulated by ABAQUS,and two kinds of models were establishedby considering and without considering weld material properties, which load-displacement curve shows that the influence of the weld material properties is larger to plates stiffness, but less to bearing capacity; For the model whichwas considered the weld material property, the development of plastic zone and the measurement of stress state show:In the elastic stage, the localposition yield in the junction zone between the web and upper and lower weld; In the plastic stage,the large areayield in the panel and the web of T-joint zone; The mapping relationship from the stress state to macroscopic deformation shows that both of the panel and the web occur S shape deformation and the whole web plate occur inclination deformation.

To conduct ship model inclining experiments and floating state adjustment experiments, a static experiment system is developed, including research and development of hydrostatic flume, connecting frame, attitude instrument and data acquisition and analysis processing module. And the work principle of the system is discussed. Furthermore, ship model inclining experiment, floating state adjusting experiment, and roll, pitch, heave free decay experiment are conducted to analyse the performance of this system. Results of the experimental indicate that the system has a satisfactory testing precision. In the model inclining experiments, relative error of vertical coordinate of center of gravity of the ship model is 1.5%, relative error of the longitudinal coordinate is 0.18%; in the floating state adjusting experiment, standard error of transverse inclination is 0.06 degree, standard error of longitudinal inclination is 0.03 degree, standard error of heaving measurement is 0.15mm; the free decay experiment proofs that the experiment system can realize dynamic measurement of roll, pitch and heave. This experimental system with high precision has a good application prospect which can be used in ship model inclining experiment, floating state adjusting experiments, as well as model hydraulic performance test study.

In order to get the energy consumption relationship in the heating process of metal material, the probability and statistics law between the temperature distribution and surface heat flux density of heating metal material is established in this paper. Moreover the surface heat flux density distribution of heating metal material is used to associate with its energy consumption. And it builds a new technology method for saving energy control decisions.

The TTL nand gate cannot be directly connected with the output port of two gates to set a relationship with their output information while the integrated open-collector nand gate can do so by making a proper choice of between the integrated open-collector lines and the resistances.This paper aims to analyze the calculation of, Rp, the externally connected resistance of integrated gate circuit which is made up of open-collector gate, and open-drain gate when the and-not gate, and nor gate of the Loaded gates are discussed respectively.

The interior noise samples from four cars at different positions and different speeds were selected as the evaluation objects. The subjective evaluation test of sound quality preference was carried out with paired comparison method. Several objective psycho-acoustical parameters of these samples were calculated. By way of linear correlation and multi-dimensional regression analysis, an equation between the subjective evaluation of noise preference and the objective psycho-acoustical parameters was established. The results indicate that the vehicle interior sound quality preference under the good highway and the constant-velocity driving conditions is affected mainly by two psycho-acoustical parameters Loudness and Sharpness.

The modulation mechanism of the optical fiber phase sensor with ZnO coating is analyzed intensively in this paper. An extensive particle swarm ant colony algorithm and ant colony algorithm are used to optimize the power coupling efficiency of the sensor. The influences of the optimized device parameters on the power coupling efficiency are also investigated.

Microstrip antenna with an arc parasitic unit is analyzed, and a Circular Polarization Reconfigurable microstrip antenna is designed. Numerical simulation is performed for the characteristics of the antenna with the software HFSS 13.0. The results show that the frequency channels of the antenna are2.40~2.52GHz as return loss is less than-10dB. whats more,3 dB axis ratio bandwidth is 30MHZ. It can realizes left-hand and right-hand circular polarization switching,and difference of orthogonal polarization is more than 20dB.Moreover, the antenna has a very well unitary radiation character and simple configuration. It is easily matched to 50Ω in low frequency band.Besides,it can satisfy the requirements of WLAN in 2.4GHz frequency band.Therefore, simulation results verifies the feasibility of this scheme.

The Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3/CoFe2O4layered heterostructure film was grown on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrate by radio frequency-magnetron sputtering. X-ray diffraction shows that the heterostructure film is composed of perovskite Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3phase and spinel CoFe2O4phase. The microstructures of the heterostructure film were observed by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), showing good surface morphology and clear interfaces among the Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3film and CoFe2O4film and substrate. The heterostructure film simultaneously diplays distinct ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism. Moreover, an obvious direct magnetoelectric coupling effect is observed in the heterostructure film with a maximum magnetoelectric voltage coefficient of 9.4 mV/cm Oe.

To study the extraction technology of polysaccharide from Pleurotus ostreatus. In order to explore the influence of temperature, time, and solid-liquid ratio on polysaccharide yield, single factor test had been done. The optimum extraction conditions was obtained though orthogonal test and interactive analysis: extraction temperature 50°C, extraction time 2h, and solid-liquid ratio 1:30. Under those conditions, the extraction rate of Pleurotus ostreatus polysaccharides was 28.79%.

To study the optimum deproteination conditions of polysaccharide from corn silk with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB). The removal rate of protein and residual rate of polysaccharide was chosen as the index. The optimal deproteination condition of CTAB was that NaCl was 0.010g, pH was 6.0, the volume ratio of CTAB was 10%, dissociated time was 24h. Deproteinization rate was 58.17%, the residual rate of polysaccharide was 25.29%.

The optimal prescription of stigma maydis polysaccharide (SMPS)oral liquid was 1g of SMPS, 0.03g of Casson, 39g of xylitol, 1g of citric acid, 0.2g of polyacrylic acid sodium (In terms of 1L oral solution) by uniform design and the quality control was conducted according to the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China(2010).

Tm3+/Er3+/Yb3+co-doped oxyfluoride tellurite and germanate glasses have been synthesized by conventional melting method. Intense up-conversion (UC) luminescence emissions were simultaneously observed under 980 nm excitation at room temperature in two glasses. The possible UC mechanisms are discussed and estimated. However, in the studied Tm3+/Er3+/Yb3+co-doped oxyfluoride glasses, tellurite glass showed weaker UC emissions than germanate glass, which is inconsistent with the prediction from the difference of maximum phonon energy between oxyfluoride tellurite and germanate glasses. Absorption spectrum and Raman spectroscopy were employed to investigate the origin of the difference in UC luminescence in two glasses. Our results confirm that, besides the maximum phonon energy, the phonon density of host glasses is another important factor in determining the UC efficiency.

According to the current situation of integrated and designing experiments in our college, experiments involving the extract, identification and determination of polysaccharides and flavonoids in corn silk were set as integrated training course for undergraduates. On the purpose of enhancing comprehensive experimental skills of the students, integrating the theories they learned in classes with practice, making students comprehending relevant knowledge of organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, natural pharmaceutical chemistry and pharmaceutical analysis, the sense of scientific innovation and changing waste into valuable was trained.

The semi-solid billets of AlCu4.5Mn0.8 alloy were cast respectively by low frequency electromagnetic, low-superheated, and conventional direct chill casting. The effect of casting processes on microstructures was investigated. The results show that due to the effect of the low frequency electromagnetic field, the coarse dentritic microstructure is gradually broken up and turned into the homogeneous, fine rosette-shaped non-dentritic microstructures with the increase of electromagnetic frequency from 10 Hz to 30 Hz. When electromagnetic frequency is 30 Hz, the homogeneous, fine non-dentritic microstructure what is suitable for semi-solid reheating and thixo-forming could be obtained successfully.

The surface quality of graphite cannot be completely evaluated only by the roughness value Ra measured by profilometer. The surface damage ratio Sc is presented to give quantitative description of surface quality of graphite, which was calculated as the ratio of the projection area of fracture craters to the overall area of free surface. The machined surface was observed and taken photo by use of the stereo microscope with CCD image acquisition system. Matlab image processing tool was used to convert the color photo to binary image, in which fracture craters were shown as black pixels and the other surfaces as white pixels. The surface damage ratio is the result of the sum of black pixels divided by the overall pixels. Under the same conditions of high speed machining experiments for verification, the surface damage ratio was calculated in comparison with the Ra values measured by profilometer. The variation tendency of surface damage ratios exhibited good coherence to the measured roughness.

Computer color matching technology has many advantages for coloration processes theoretically. However, in practice, many manufacturers would rather employ experienced color matching engineer with very high salary than buying computer color matching instrument. There are many reasons for this phenomenon. This paper checks the effect of Datacolor SF600 color measuring and matching system in laboratory. The experiment show that the color matching result is much better than that of a green hand person, but far from that being expected. The reasons are discussed and new theory is expected to be developed to give a fundamental solution.