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Using the finite-time thermodynamics, based on the thermodynamics properties of ferroelectric materials and a linear heat-transfer law, the inherent regenerative losses in the cycle are calculated and the fundamental optimum relations and other relevant performance parameters are determined. The thermoeconomic optimization for ferroelectric Ericsson refrigeration-cycle is reported. The cooling load for the refrigerator per unit total cost is proposed as objective functions for the optimization. The optimum performance parameters which maximize the objective functions are investigated. Since the optimization technique consists of both investment and energy consumption costs, the obtained results are more general and realistic.

The economic growth of National level Economic and Technological Development Zones (NETDZs) affects the sustainable development of NETDZs and their host cities a lot in China. Determinants and mechanism of NETDZs’ economic growth in 2010 is detected by geographical detector. There is a U-shaped spatial pattern by NETDZs’ economic growth rates among the Eastern, Central and Western China. The result of factor detection showed that the top 5 determinants of NETDZs’ economic growth are regionally different in China. External factors are more powerful in Eastern China, while internal factors of NETEZs dominate the economic growth of NETDZs more in Central and Western China. Besides revealing determinants, these results show two universal policy mistakes: blindly lowing land price and encouraging high technology industry, which are proved not effective in prompting the development of NETDZs, but inducing serious problems. Therefore, NETDZs’ economic growth policies should be made and adjusted following the regional determinants and mechanism in different regions and development stages, what’s more, policy mistakes reflected by factor detection should be avoided as well.

With the development of the internet and the increase in people’s consumption level, online shopping has become increasingly popular with the boom in the online shopping having contributed directly to the rapid development of the whole express industry, which is now experiencing the surge in the business to make the number of the packing bags consumed in the express industry increased at a geometric rate. However at present, the following situations have occurred in Chinese logistical packaging industry: (1) excessive packaging and repeated packaging; (2) the environmental pollution caused by the packing material; (3) the low cyclic utilization rate of the packaging.

Using the finite-time thermodynamics, the influence of thermal resistances and nonperfect regenerative losses on the optimal performance of a ferroelectric Ericsson refrigeration-cycle is analyzed. Based on the thermodynamics properties of ferroelectric materials and a linear heat-transfer law, the inherent regenerative losses in the cycle are calculated and the fundamental optimum relations and other relevant performance parameters are determined. The ecological optimization criterion of the refrigerator is derived. The results obtained here may reveal the general characteristics of the ferroelectric Ericsson refrigeration cycle.

In this study, sludge reduction by ultrasound combining anaerobic-anoxic-oxic system (AAO) was developed and examined. Compared with AAO process, 38.07, 46.07 and 50.98% of excess sludge reduction could be obtained by ultrasonic combining AAO system (sludge return ratios of 40%, 60%, and 80%). When the sludge return ratio is 60%, ultrasound combining AAO system can achieve the best sludge reduction effect. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rates of ultrasound combining AAO system were 88.21, 89.77, and 90.31%, respectively. The introduction of sludge disruption by ultrasound pretreatment did not affect the COD removal ability of the AAO system, whereas increased in the COD removal efficiency. This combined biological treatment system could realize sludge reduction and improve nutrient removal efficiencies.

Silver nanoparticles have been prepared using reductive polysaccharides (glucan) as protecting agents and silver nitrate as precursor via a facile green approach, and possible formation mechanism of silver nanoparticle was proposed in this paper. Silver nanoparticles appearance, size and size distribution were controlled by different synthesis technologies and reaction conditions. By changing the reaction conditions such as AgNO3 solution concentration, glucan dosage, reaction temperature, reaction time, the parameters affecting the product shape, particle size and size distribution were investigated. The samples synthesized were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis spectrophotometer (UV-vis) methods. The results have showed that nanosilver particle with different shapes such as rod-like, sheet-like or flake and tree-like etc. can be prepared by reductive polysaccharides, and it is a green preparation technology.

An acrylate resin copolymerized with epoxy and amino resin was prepared in this paper, and its polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) modified nanocomposites were fabricated via physical blending. Results showed that glass transition temperature of the acrylate copolymer was about 7.9 oC via DSC. Dispersion of nanocomposites with aminopropyllsobutyl POSS is better than those with Octalsobutyl POSS. Moreover, glass transition temperatures of the nanocomposites with POSS are close to the acrylate copolymer matrix.

A three-dimensional refined model of composite lining is built with the example of shield tunnel of Xijiang water diversion project in Guangzhou by using finite element software. Segment opening and steel pile deformation characteristics are analyzed. Necessity of light material and steel pile is detailed explained. The results show that the maximal segment opening of composite lining is 0.361 millimeter. The bolts are in elastic state and not appear plastic deformation, so segment without leakage. Steel pipe strain curve is approximate circular symmetry in whole circle. It is necessary to add light material and steel pile, because they can effectively reduce the stress of concrete and prevent cracking.

In the present work, Cr2O3-Al2O3-Cr coatings are prepared on Q235 steel by aluminothermic process based on Cr2O3Al system, using Cr2O3as diluents while a small quantity of Fe2O3to reduce reaction temperature. The results showed that after treated at 650oC for 30minutes, homogenous Cr2O3-Al2O3-Cr coatings can be prepared on Q 235 steel by aluminothermic process with the powders mixture with weight ratio of Cr2O3: Fe2O3: A1 equal to 4: 0.3: 1.12, while coatings prepared by mixture with superfluous aluminum are fragmentary. Surface hardness of the coatings prepared with superfluous Cr2O3is about 23.9GPa while that of the coatings prepared with superfluous Al is about 10.9 GPa and large scatter of 13.7% in hardness.

An organic emitting device with well structure is reported. The well structure fabricated by alternating deposition of constituent tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq) and 4, 7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline (BPhen) layers improved the current efficiency. The enhanced efficiency can be attributed to the strong accumulation of electrons and holes in the emitting layer, which leads to an increase of the exciton formation and exciton recombination probability. The single well device exhibits the highest current efficiency of 4.12cd/A at 4V, which is more than 1.2 times than that of the conventional organic light-emitting devices. It is an effective and simple way to improve the efficiency of the organic devices by utilizing well structure as the emitting layer with proper well number.

In this study, the resins modified with trimellitie anhydride (named ZT3) or phthalic anhydride (named ZT5) during the post-crossing of chloromethyl low crosslinking macroporous poly-styrene resin were prepared, characterized and evaluated for adsorptive removal of o-aminobenzoic acid (OABA) from aqueous solutions. The structural characterization results indicated that the resins possessed predominant micropores surface area and moderate specific surface area. The adsorption performance of OABA onto ZT3 and ZT5 was studied through static and kinetic adsorption experiment with the commercial Amberlite XAD-4 as a contrast. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equation could fit the adsorption isotherm of OABA onto ZT3 and ZT5 perfectly. The adsorptions of OABA onto the three resins were all spontaneous exothermic processes with physical characters. Kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption reaction could be approximated by a quasi-first kinetic adsorption equation. Key words: o-aminobenzoic acid; adsorption resin; adsorption kinetic; thermodynamic; che-mical modification

A orange organic light-emitting device has been fabricated with a structure of ITO/m-MTDATA (45 nm)/NPB (8 nm)/ DPVBi:DCJTB 0.5 % (15 nm)/TPBi (x nm)/Alq3 [(60-x) n /LiF (1 nm)/Al£¬where x=0, 4, 7 and 10, respectively. N-arylbenzinmidzoles (TPBi) was used as the excton-blocking layer resulting mixture of lights from DPVBi molecules (blue-light) and DCJTB (yellow-light) molecules, thereby producing orange light emission. The performance of device can be readily adjusted by only varying the thickness of the TPBi layer. The Commission Internationale de 1'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of the device are largely insensitive to diffrent of the driving voltages. When the thickness of TPBi is 7 nm, the device exhibits peak efficiency of 6.16 cd/A at the applied voltage of 8 V, and the maximum brightness is 43310 cd/m2 at 15 V, respectively.

Current paper on information system management indicates that the most of information systems either are considered a failure or challenged. These projects are characterized by overspend, exceeding time, and failing to meet customer hope. The fact that most projects fail emphasizes the need for research regarding the feasibility that leads to information system with good performance or failure. This paper presents a method for information system with good performance. Based on deep analysis of current paper on software with good performance feasibility, an method is formalizing. The new framework shows feasibility that have to be carefully considered in order to get information system with good performance. The feasibility included in the framework is divided into four categories: management feasibility, technical feasibility, staff feasibility, and social feasibility. The framework is new because it includes many factors that are not founding together in any of the previous similar architectures.

Efficient white organic light-emitting diodes are fabricated with the blue and green fluorescent incorporating red phosphorescent emitting layer. The blue, green and red emitting layer consist of 1,4-bis (2,2-diphenyl vinyl) benzene (DPVBi), tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminium (Alq) and the bis (1-(phenyl) isoquinoline) iridium (III) acetylanetonate [Ir (piq)2(acac)] doped into 4,4(-N,N)-dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP) host, respectively. The devices were made of ITO/ m-MTDATA (40 nm)/ NPB (10 nm) /DPVBi (8 nm)/ CBP: Ir (piq)2(acac) x% 5nm/ Alq (50 nm )/ LiF (1 nm) / Al (200 nm). The electroluminescent (EL) spectra exhibit three peaks at 456, 520 and 620 nm, resulting in white light-emission with the Commission Internationale dEclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of (0.37, 0.44) at 4V to (0.23, 0.30) at 13V when x is 4, while the device shows the current efficiency of 4.0 cd/A at 6V, and its maximum luminance is 21660 cd/m2 at 13V, respectively.

This paper is to explore the feasibility of a novel combined uncoupler of 3,3ˊ,4ˊ,5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCS) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) on excess activated sludge reduction compared to single dose of TCS and TCP. Four sequenced batch reactors (SBR) were continuously operated during two-month period dosed by different concentration of metabolic uncoupler. The comparative experiments showed that the combined uncoupler could effectively limit sludge yield by approximately 52%, followed by TCS, TCP, without obvious affecting the TOC removal rate and SVI value. At the end of the operation, the variation of zeta potential clearly indicated that uncoupler dosing affected the flocculability of activated sludge. The study demonstrated applying a combined uncoupler was feasible and promising technique to reduce sludge yield in SBR.

Error detection is relatively a new field of Software level control. A Software Developer always aims to produce good level software with a few errors. Good level of software is correlated with the number of errors as well as it is limited by time. So, error detection is very important in the field of Software level and software stability. This paper gives you a explaining about software error detection. It describes the key areas of software error detection practice, and emphasizes some key open problems for the future.

In this paper, the possibility and potential of biohydrogen production by co-fermentation of starch wastewater (SW) and WAS under thermophilic temperature was studied in batch fermentation tests. WAS was first pretreated by thermophilic enzyme together with low intensity ultrasound (LIU) to improve the biochemical degradability. Then After 8 h pretreatment, all soluble substances were much higher than raw sludge without pretreatment. In addition, the SCOD, carbohydrate and protein of the tests which were accelerated by low-frequency ultrasound were 11.5% 18.4%, 17.8% higher than the control, respectively. Results from the co-fermentation further demonstrated that the sludge had high pH buffering capacity. A mixing ratio of 1:1 was found to be the best among of all co-fermentation tests. Moreover it was proved in this study that hydrogen production by co-fermentation of starch wastewater and sludge was a promising technology to recovery energy from the waste.

A white organic light emitting device (WOLED) with excton confining structure is reported. The blue and red emitting layer consist of 1,4bis (2,2-diphenyl vinyl) benzene (DPVBi) and the bis (1-(phenyl) isoquinoline) iridium (III) acetylanetonate [Ir (piq)2(acac)] doped into 4,4(-N,N)-dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP) host, respectively. The devices were made of ITO/ m-MTDATA (40 nm)/ NPB (10 nm) /DPVBi (8 nm)/ Bhen (xnm)/ CBP: Ir (piq)2(acac) 2% 5nm/ Alq (50 nm )/ LiF (1 nm)/Al (200 nm), by adding excton confining layer, with only a small increase in operating voltage. However, the efficiency of device increases. The electroluminescent (EL) spectra exhibit two peaks at 456 and 628 nm, resulting in white light emission with the Commission Internationale dEclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of (0.222, 0.2402) at 4V to (0.1924, 0.1986) at 13V whenxis 8, while the device shows the current efficiency of 4.79 cd/A at 6V, its maximum luminance is 14130 cd/m2at 13V, respectively.

The general cycle model of a class of external combustion engines is established in which the influence of the multi-irreversibilities mainly resulting from the linear heat-loss model between the high and low heat reservoir, and the irreversible adiabatic processes. Some important parameters such as the power output, efficiency and the temperatures of the working substance are calculated and some important characteristic curves are given. The results obtained in this paper may provide some theoretical guidance for the optimal design of the Carnot, Brayton, Braysson and some new heat engines.

This design process of Environmental Knowledge should include a system analysis phase that somewhat differs from the traditional one. Also, the identification of these requirements for adjustment requires a good knowledge of the Knowledge in which the system will be executed. At one side, we argue that what is missing now is a structured and robust design process for SA. However, the design time decisions need to be done in the situation of incomplete and uncertain knowledge about environmental Knowledge. This way, we need to understand to what extent the requirements are being satisfied and this can support adjustment strategies at run-time. Therefore, at the other side, we argue that requirements for adaptive systems should be supported not only at design-time but also at run-time. The ability of an adaptive system to be a requirement-aware system inspired by [, in which the authors argue that requirements for self-regulation systems should be run-time entities that could be reasoned over at run-time.

The production of sugar beet and maize as energy crops were investigated in saline alkali soil in China during three growing seasons. A dramatically decreases of yield of grains and starch of maize was found in both medium and heavy saline-alkali soil in the three years. But there were no decreases of yield of root and sucrose of sugar beet in medium saline-alkali soil and reduction of yield of root and sucrose of sugar beet in heavy medium saline-alkali were faintly. The results indicate that sugar beet is more tolerant to salt stress and maintains higher production of sugar may be a major bioethanol crops in saline-alkali soil in China.

The damage characteristics of the steel-Kevlar-steel structure are studied by nonlinear dynamics software. The whole destruction process of the sandwich structure is simulated. Moreover, the transmission and reflection of the shock wave in the structure are analyzed. It shows that the damage zone of the structure is just under the explosive. It is significantly different from the damage under non-contact explosion. The composite material has an effect on the spread of the shock wave, and effectively reduces the peak pressure. The sandwich structure has a good anti-impact performance. The results help to design and assess blast-resistant structures under contact explosion.

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is vital for the global carbon cycle and balance. In order to study the factors that affect the changes of SOC at different levels (0 ~ 20 cm, 20 ~ 40 cm) in degraded areas and continuous water supply area (3 years, 5 years, 7 years), Phragmites communis wetland of the Yellow River Delta were sampled. The results showed that the upper soil layer (0-20cm) had more SOC than the lower soil layer (20-40cm) in the restored sites. The SOC increased in the 0-20cm soil layer from 7.710±0.756 g/kg to 16.96±0.213 g/kg. Soil salinity and pH value decreased with the freshwater restoration, while SOC increased with the restoration time. SOC had extremely significantly negative correlation with pH (r = -0.564, P < 0.01). The correlation analysis of soil properties showed that SOC had significantly positive correlation with total nitrogen (TN) and NH4+-N (P

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), especially toluene as the typical indoor air pollutants, are toxic and environmentally persistent whose removal is undoubtedly becoming increasingly urgent matter over these years. Titania is one of the most promising photocatalysts for the degradation of organic compounds, whereas the large band gap of titania and massive recombination of photogenerated charge carriers limit its overall photocatalytic effciency. These defects can be tackled by modifying the electronic band structure of titania including various strategies like metal deposition, non-metal atoms substitution, transition metal ions doping, and coupling with a narrow band gap semiconductor, etc. This review encompasses several advancements made in these aspects, and also the influence factors such as physical morphologies changing, humidity, as well as the presence of O2 etc, are involved. To be practically considering, TiO2 photocatalysts require being fixed on the bulky supports like silica, alumina, clays and activated carbons. Moreover, photocatalytic coatings deposited on external building materials, like roofing tiles and corrugated sheets, is becoming the attractive application potentials to remove toluene from air.

Silk fibroin is native fibrous protein extracted from silk. It has good mechanical properties because of its unique amino acid composition, complex of sequence characterization and the transform of crystalline structure under different condition. The characteristics of silk fibroin makes it better biological biocompatibility and biodegradability and have been used widely as biomaterials in the field of tissue engineering. Based on the introduction of its properties, the researches on the amino acid composition, sequence characteristics, molecular conformation, and its performance were reviewed in this paper.

Patients may lose part of the hand-gripping force, because of the diseases of stroke, carpal tunnel syndrome, nerve damage etc, which lead to greatly inconvenience during their daily life. The research work in this area has been really investigated in the world, and is with significant importance in medical and military areas. A mechanical exoskeleton system is designed in this project for improving hand-gripping force of these patients. The designed mechanical exoskeleton system in this project includes five parts: exoskeleton framework, finger motion intention detecting system, extra force output system, joints’ angle holding system and central construe system. In this study, titanium alloy are eventually adopted as the material of the exoskeleton framework after the mechanical analysis. A contact type sensor system for detecting finger motion intention, gripping or releasing object is also adopted in this project. Titanium-Nickel (Ti-Ni) shape memory alloy (SMA) plates are used here to provide extra 2N force for helping patients grip an object under 140g. A Ti-Ni plate based joint lock system has also been designed here for holding the angles of fingers’ joints.

LiFePO4 was spinning with cellulose derivatives by electrostatic spinning for the first time. Processing conditions were adjusted to the solution concentration of 15%, an applied voltage of 25KV, the quality of mixed solvent with 4:1, and then about 0.1μm nano-fibrous non-woven fabrics can be obtained. FTIR showed that the CMCAB was synthesized successfully. Coulomb efficiency of electrode materials before and after the modification was maintained at about 100%, specific capacity of the battery in 2C of discharge rate, it was the first time that discharge specific capacity had increased from the unmodified 147.6 mAh.g-1 to the modified 160.6 mAh.g-1Superscript text. After 200 weeks' cycle, the capacity loss decreased from 11.38% to 5.11%.

Slope hydrology is an important branch of Modern hydrology, it has a great significance to study the runoff and converge mechanism research of the basin. The characteristics study include of runoff velocity and infiltration rate etc al. the runoff velocity is an important physical quantity to describe overland flow hydraulics characterize. This paper study the effect of slope degrees and water drainage amount on the runoff velocity. The result shows: slope degree and water drainage both are the important factors to change the runoff velocity. The average runoff velocity were increased first and then reach steady-state fluctuations between 0.1-1m/s at different drainage amount, the time they got to the steady states was different. The results could provide some technology support to establishment slope erosion model.

According to the gas dynamic theory, this paper deduces the approximate calculation formula on elastic energy of a tons of coal through theory analysis, and then gets the quantitative calculation method between incident overpressure and reflected overpressure of the coal and gas outburst shock wave. The calculation formula in this paper is in line with the measured values, and so its validity has been verified. The analysis result shows that the effect of the elastic energy during the process of coal and gas outburst should be considered when the depth of the coal seam is great and the coal’s modulus of elasticity is small.

Xiaojiang drainage basin is one of the regions suffering from serious erosion and ecological degeneration due to the climate, geological and geomorphological conditions and the heavy human activities. Reforestation, which has been done since 1980s in the region, is an effective measure for the ecological restoration. Four types of plantations, i.e., Eucalyptus spp., Acacia mearnsii, Leucaena leucocephala and Pinus yunnanensis are investigated in the sample plots. Development processes and community structures of the tree layers, shrub layers and grass layers are studied with the “ergodic hypothesis” method and the index of species richness, coverage, importance value and Shannon_Wiener index et al, and erosion control abilities of the four types of plantations are compared in this paper. The result shows that the plantations of Acacia mearnsii and Leucaena leucocephala grow faster, which have higher crown coverages and stronger erosion control abilities than that of Pinus yunnanensis and Eucalyptus spp.. The Pinus yunnanensis plantation has a higher secondary understory biodiversity, the Eucalyptus spp. plantation has a high secondary understory biodiversity, but the plantations of Acacia mearnsii and Leucaena leucocephala have low secondary understory biodiversities. Study in this paper shows that the four types of plantation have distinct effects in promoting plant diversity and have different erosion control abilities. So plantation species selection and association mode should be considered in the process of reforestation for ecological restoration.

White mud is generally known as the residue of soda ash production by ammonia-soda process. The treatment of it has been one problem in soda ash industry due to the large amount of production, strong alkalinity and corrosiveness. In China, the treatment of white mud is stacking currently, which not only occupying land but also causing environment pollution. The main composition of it is the calcium carbonate. If white mud replaces the limestone as the desulfurization agent in wet Flue Gas Desulfurization (W-FGD) system, it can attain the goal of treating the waste with another, achieve the circular economy between enterprises, and reduce the desulfurization cost significantly. In this paper, the research of white mud in 660 MW Unit W-FGD systems was investigated. Study shows that the properties of white mud and limestone are significantly different. Because of smaller particle size and active MgO, the alkaline and reaction activity of white mud are better than that of limestone, results to higher desulfurization rate and lower running cost. However, the purity of white mud is lower because of CaSO4, Cl-, and other impurities, so the dewatering system of gypsum needs to increase output by about 17%; the output of the slurry feed system needs to be increased by about 30%; the discharge capacity of wastewater needs to be increased by about 23 t/h.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the efficacy of nanobiphasic calcium phosphate (nanoBCP) bioceramic in the treatment of periodontal osseous defects. Alveolar bone defects were surgically created bilaterally at the buccal aspects of four second premolars in two beagle dogs. After root leveling, nanoBCP was randomly filled in one defect and nothing was put into the contralateral defect as negative controls. Bioglass was randomly filled in one of left defect as positive controls and nothing was put into the contralateral defect as negative controls. Dogs were killed at the 12th week. Histological observations were processed through a light microscopy. The results reveal that a great amount of functional periodontal fissures formed in the defects in the nanoBCP groups and bioglass groups while no new bone formed in the control groups at all. In this study, nanoBCP has proven to work well as a biocompatible and bioactive material to promote periodontal regeneration effectively.

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of nano-biphasic calcium phosphate (nanoBCP) scaffolds on acute alveolar bone defects in beagle dogs by micro-computed tomographic imaging (μCT). Alveolar bone defects were surgically created bilaterally at the buccal aspects of the upper second premolars in four beagle dogs. After root conditioning with ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), nanoBCP was randomly filled in the defects and nothing was put into the contralateral defects as controls. Dogs were killed at the 24th weeks. Specimens were scanned and reconstructed though μCT. The results revealed that much new alveolar bone formed in the defects in the nanoBCP groups while no new alveolar bone formed in the controls. The present results indicate that PBCP may enhance alveolar bone regeneration in acute-type labial dehiscence defects.

For steel staggered-truss (SST) system, RC slabs are the main structure members to make the whole building work together beside to take the vertical load. There are openings in the RC slabs due to requirement of staircases、lift wells and other services, these openings will reduce the stiffness of RC slab and make stress concentration. Usually, the RC slab is designed under vertical load only, this will lead to the design defect and building calapse for SST structure. There are few research for SST RC slab are presented untill now. In the paper, based on two different 3D models considering or ignoring the stiffness of infilled walls (SIW), a numerical investigation is presented on the structural behaviors of the SST system utilizing the soft ware ETABS. As a finite element analysis method, the shell element is adopted for RC slab & infilled wall, the beam element is adopted for beam、colum and truss members. The structure is asymmetrical due to the SIW, it causes the torsional forces in the building and the extra stresses in the RC slabs, the additional reinforcement need to be provided to strengthen the high stress areas. Comparing with the results of response spectrum analysis under the combination with earth quake load, we make some conclusions, including the capacity of anti-seismic and the effect of the SIW for SST system RC slab，that could be a reference for SST structure design.

A structure with steel staggered-truss (SST) system is numerically investigated in this paper, utilizing the finite element 3D simulation analytial soft ware ETABS. Two different 3D models considering or ignoring the stiffness of infilled walls (SIW) are analyzed with Dynamic Time History method including storey drift and equivalent base shear force under frequent earth quake and rare earth quake. Results indicate that the effect of the SIW is prominent and should be considered.

A series of copolymers P(VP-HEMA) composed of hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and 4-vinyl pyridine (VP) were prepared by a solution copolymerization technique. Based on the copolymer P(VP-HEMA) prepared by the content of VP 50%, the amount of AIBN 3% and the optimized liquid electrolyte, a polymer solution electrolyte with concentration of 9.0% was formed. By addition of 1,4-dibromobutane into the solution, the copolymer gel electrolyte with higher conductivity 6.14mS/cm was prepared. Gelation is caused by the quaterisation between the group of pyridine in P(HEMA-VP) and 1,4-dibromobutane. Based on the copolymer gel electrolyte, a dye-sensitized solar cell was fabricated with short-circuit current of 13.62mA/cm2,open circuit voltage of 0.72V, fill factor of 0.5465 and an overall conversion efficiency of 5.24% under irradiation 100mW/cm2(AM1.5).

The influence of the way and the volume of adding lime dust to fly ash-cement pastes on chloride physical adsorption capacity, chemical combination capacity and binding capacity of fly ash-cement pastes is investigated by adsorption equilibrium method. The results show that with the volume of lime dust as cement replacement raising, the amount of chloride physically adsorbed by fly ash-cement pastes reduces, while the amount of chloride chemical combining is firstly increase, and then decrease, and it reaches the maximum when the lime dust content is 10% , that of chloride binding is firstly increase, and then decrease, which reaches the maximum when the lime dust content is 5%. In addition, with the volume of lime dust as fly ash replacement increasing , the volume of chloride physically adsorbed by fly ash-cement pastes reduces firstly, and then raises, reaching the minimum when the lime dust content is 6%. Whereas, volume of chloride chemical combining and binding both decrease gradually with the increase of lime dust contents. When the population of lime dust as cement or fly ash replacement is low(less than 15% for cement and 9% for fly ash), effect of lime dust content on chloride binding capacity of fly ash-cement pastes is not obvious (under 7.5%).

In order to observe the influence of liquid mass with evaporating purification from candied liquid of preserved fruits in the same boiling time, volume were obtained 35 g, 40 g, 45 g, 50 g, 55 g of candied liquid to evaporate. Boiling the solution for each time for 25 mins, the quality of each of four groups of parallel experiments was done to measure the candied liquid evaporation after sugar, the effects of different quality candied liquid evaporation effect. The results showed that in the same boiling time, the increase in quality with liquid, sugar becomes larger and larger; Candied liquid boiling temperature is about 99 °C, liquid in the different quality of candied sugar by evaporation and purification process need different times to boiling; In these experiments, candied sugar solution used was 60.8% of the percentage content.

In order to observe the influences of liquid boiling time on purifying sugar from candied liquid with evaporation method, 50 g of candied liquid was weighed for evaporating experiments and control of the boiling time is 10 min, 20 min, 25 min, 30 min. In these experiments, 6 parallel experiments were done at each boiling time for observing the change of the candied liquid in different boiling time and determining the sweetness of candied liquid. The results show that: with the increase of boiling time, sugar content continue to decrease; Selected time for the purity of the purified sugar have a great impact.

A series of copolymers P(MMA-NVP) composed of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) were prepared by a solution copolymerization technique. The copolymer could absorb and capture amount of liquid electrolyte within its chain networks structure to form quasi-solid-state electrolyte. The influences of synthesis conditions for copolymers, such as the content of NVP, the amount of initiator 2,2’-azobisisobutyronitrile(AIBN), and the amount of crosslinking agent triethylene glycol dimethacrylate(TEGDMA) on the ionic conductivity of quasi-solid electrolyte were investigated. The highest conductivity of the copolymer gel was 2.17mS/cm at 25°C. Based on the copolymer gel electrolyte, a dye-sensitized solar cell was fabricated with short-circuit current of 12.16mA/ cm2, open circuit voltage of 619mV, fill factor of 0.4633 and an overall conversion efficiency of 3.05 % under 100 mW/cm2 irradiation (AM1.5).

Fermentation process for ethanol production from steam-exploded corn stover using toxin-tolerant yeast strains was carried out in order to reduce the water consumption and operation cost. The substrate from steam-exploded did not undergo a detoxification process by wash, and was directly hydrolyzed by enzymes. Two toxin-tolerant stains, Y1 and Y5, were tested to ferment the enzymatic hydrolysate slurry directly to ethanol. In the enzymatic hydrolysate slurry containing inhibitory compounds, the strain Y1 and Y5 could convert the sugar to ethanol with ethanol concentration of 47.0 g/L and 47.2 g/L corresponding to 95.9% and 96.4% of the theoretical maximum, respectively.

To evaluate the regularity strength of elevator traffic (RSET) is the prerequisites to efficiently design scheduling strategies of elevator group control system (EGCS). In view of the characteristics of the uncertainty of elevator traffic, a quantitative method to evaluate RSET is proposed by estimating the confidence interval of 5min passenger arrival rate on observed data, which provides important support for forecasting elevator traffic and adjusting elevator group scheduling strategies. Simulation results of an applied example show the validity of the proposed method.

In order to produce high-quality chitin, the extraction of chitin from pupa of Dictyoploca japonica was studied by acid-alkali method. The extraction technique of chitin from the pupa was as the follows: Pupa skin were dipped in 4%HCl for 20h in 35°C , then in 6%NaOH for 4h in 85°C, followed by decoloring in 10% H2O2 for 0.5h under 85°C. Under this conditions, the produced chitin was white flaky solid with 6.5%-9.5% water content, 0.65%-0.97% ash content and 5.78%-6.67% nitrogen content, the productivity of the processing was 28%. Its quality indexes reached that of edible chitin.

Two kinds of biomembrane mimetic polymers P(MPC-co-SMA) and P(MPC-SMA-TSMA) were synthesized with acrylate monomers 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), stearyl methacrylate (SMA) and 3-(methacryloyloxy) propyltrimethoxysilane (TSMA) by free radical copolymerization in solution with AIBN as initiator. The phosphorylcholine containing copolymers were dip-coated on cover glasses. The hydrophilicity, stability and surface structure of the coatings were measured by dynamic contact angles (DCA) in water. It was found that the coating surfaces were amphiphilic. The P(MPC-SMA-TSMA) coating was more stable than the P(MPC-co-SMA) one in aqueous environment due to crosslinking and grafting. The biocompatibility of the coatings was evaluated by platelet adhesion and protein adsorption. The copolymer P(MPC-SMA-TSMA) can be simply coated on a surface to fabricate a stable biomimetic coating with excellent hemocompatibility.

The modification process of recycled melamine-formaldehyde(MF) plastic on polypropylene(PP) has been studied, and the optimal compounding parameters were obtained by twin extruding system in this paper. The results showed that with increasing of recycled MF plastic in PP, the tensile strength, elongation at break, molding shrinkage and impact strength decreased, the modulus, heat distortion temperature(HDT) and melt flow rate(MFR) increased, which indicates that the addition of recycled MF plastic can improve rigidity, heat resistance, size stability and flowability of PP. More importantly, the oxygen index(OI) of PP was increased with the addition of recycled MF plastic, which indicates that recycled MF plastic can improve the flame-retardant property of PP.

Pre-stressed spatial tubular truss system is adopted in steel roof truss structures of China International Exhibition Center New Venue. Bottom chord joints are multiplanar KK-joints consisting of chord with square hollow section and brace with circular hollow section. However, not only that relatively little research has been carried out on such joints, but also that no detailed design guidance on KK-type joints consisting of chord with square hollow section and brace with circular hollow section can be found Current design code for steel structure (GB 50017-2003). This paper reports the study into the strength of this type of KK-joints under axial loading. The numerical models were adopted, and several various geometric parameters which affect the strength and failure modes, were investigated. It was indicated that the geometric parameters affects significantly the ultimate capacity and failure modes of the joints. The varied relationship of the strength and failure mode with parameter varying was studied in detail. The results of the work presented provide initial discussion on behavior of this type of KK-joints and lay the foundation for a future large-scale parametric study and put out design formula.

The aim was to develop a nonlinearity model of quantitative analysis of vitamin C content by infrared spectroscopy and provide theoretical basis for nondestructive testing of vitamin C content in drugs. The infrared spectrum of vitamin C was smoothed and noise-eliminated by wavelet transform, which may obtained smooth curve and enhanced spectrum resolution. Absorption peak about 3000cm-1was selected as characteristic absorption peak to set up linearity or nonlinearity model. The result showed that nonlinearity model, correlation coefficient 0.9967, had more nicety than that of linearity model. The result of traditional titration of iodine as reference system, relative deviation of nonlinearity model was 2.75%, but that of linearity model was 28.03%. It was feasible and effective to determine vitamin C content by infrared spectroscopy based on nonlinear modeling.

Reasonable strong seismic motion records are selected according to the applicable Code of Seismic Design for Railway Engineering. By using FEA software, the FEA model of one double-column pier of passenger dedicated line is established with considering the effect of flexible base effects and seismic characteristic. Based on Park-Ang seismic damage model and nonlinear seismic response analysis, the seismic damage analysis on double-column pier of passenger dedicated Line is carried out. The study results are obtained as follow: 1) The seismic damage of bridge mainly happen during the early and middle stage of seismic motion. 2) There are still major discrepancies in the seismic damage made from the seismic records which come from the same site condition and have the same PGA. 3) Although PGA has a great effect on the seismic damage index, it has nothing to do with the happening time of max seismic damage index.

320 strong motion records of four sites are appropriately selected. The elasto-plastic dynamic analysis program is used to research the effects of characteristics of earthquake motion on elasto-plastic acceleration spectra, elasto-plastic displacement spectra, residual displacement spectra and reduced strength spectra. The study results are obtained as follow: 1) The value of elasto-plastic acceleration spectra, elasto-plastic displacement spectra, residual displacement spectra are increased with the amplification of seismic magnitude. 2) When site soil softens, the elasto-plastic acceleration, displacement, residual displacement of the same period are amplified in site Ⅲ and Ⅳ. On the contrary, site conditions of site Ⅲ and Ⅳ have nothing to do with elasto-plastic response spectra. 3) When ductility is greater than two, reduced strength spectra can be affected by seismic magnitude and site conditions. 4) Elasto-plastic response spectra of other protected earthquake intensity can be obtained by adjusting elasto-plastic response spectra of the standard protected earthquake intensity according to the ratio of PGA (protected earthquake intensity) to PGA (standard protected earthquake). So, some meaningful references are provided for performance-based seismic design for bridge.

Proper mechanical parameters of slope rock mass are the premise which ensures the smooth progress of slope stability calculation. By analyzing the geological information of the yinshuigou accumulation slope on ridge 2 in Xiaowan hydropower station, and according to the deformation and damage in the excavation of the accumulation slope, this paper inverts the shear strength parameters of the accumulation slope by using 2D rigid limit equilibrium method. On base of unloading rock mass mechanics methods, the stress and strain analysis to the accumulation slope is studied by using 3D finite difference method, and by contrast of the monitoring displacement and calculated displacement in slope-direction about the key point of the accumulation slope , the article inverts the deformation parameters of the accumulation slope. Finally, the shear strength parameters in the contact zone are ascertained as: C=0.04MPa, Φ=30°, and the deformation parameter of the accumulation slope is changed from the initial 1.5MPa to 0.95MPa by the damage unloading.