Search

The use of agricultural wastes and natural materials in new technologies is a novel subject. Consequently, an attempt has been made to formulate a synthetic fluid using an organic water, Water Extract from Fermented Ground Maize (WEFGM) and compare its performance with water-based sample in turning operation using a mild steel as workpiece. Two samples of synthetic fluids were formulated from each of deionized WEFGM, ordinary WEFGM and deionized water as base-fluids at two composition (5 and 10%vol) levels of selected additives. The results of experimental analysis of heat transfer properties of these synthetic fluids exist, hence the need to ascertain the actual performance output. Temperature-Time Gradient (TTG) which is a rate of temperature drop (heat withdrawn) from the work zone was used as evaluation parameters. The result showed that deionized WEFGM is the most efficient of the entire samples at both compositions with an average TTG of 3.61 and 2.16 °C/min at 10 and 5% additive concentration respectively. At lower additive concentration which is more economically advantageous, the performance rating is deionized WEFGM>>WEFGM>>deionized Water. This implies that WEFGM is more effective than water as a base fluid for synthetic fluid in performance as it has been previously so reported in properties. Meanwhile, T-test statistical analysis (using IBM SPSS 23) shows that there is highly significant difference in TTG at each time of application of individual fluid (p0.05) implying that the fluids can all work as coolants and relatively have comparable performance output.

Addition of nanosized particles as an additive to the fluid in order to improve the properties of fluid has gained much attention in recent era. Limited studies are reported in literature for the preparation and estimation of thermophysical properties of nanofluids based on binary mixture of liquids. Thermophysical properties of nanofluids including effective density and effective viscosity of alumina nanoparticles based nanofluids are measured at a temperature range of 20-60°C. The study is carried out in binary mixture of ethanol and water at different concentrations. Alumina nanoparticles of 50 nm are used at different particle loading i.e. 0-0.3 wt% in different proportions of ethanol and water. The analysis of measured experimental values indicates that the addition of nanoparticles in different concentrations has significant effect on the effective density and the effective viscosity of fluids. The predicted values are estimated from correlation coefficients as a function of temperature.

Application of nanoparticles provides an effective way of improving heat transfer characteristics of fluids. Particles less than 100 nm in diameter exhibit different properties from those of conventional solids. Compared with micron-sized particles, nanophase powders have much larger relative surface areas and a great potential for heat transfer enhancement. Some researchers tried to suspend nanoparticles into fluids to form high effective heat transfer fluids. Some preliminary experimental results showed that increase in thermal conductivity of approximately 60% can be obtained for some nanofluids consisting of water and 5 vol% CuO nanoparticles. So, the thermal conductivity of nanofluid was found to be strongly dependent on the nanoparticle volume fraction. So far it has been an unsolved problem to develop a sophisticated theory to predict thermal conductivity of nanofluids, although there are some semi empirical correlations to calculate the apparent conductivity of two-phase mixture. In this article, several correlations for predicting the nanofluid thermal conductivity will be compared and results will be discussed for three water based nanofluids.

Reclaimed water can effectively alleviate the water crisis which is the second water source of city. The functional relations in cost price, demand and transportation of the reclaimed water using are determined by the method of cost-plus which is based on the premise that the funds of reclaimed water network construction should be recovered. The users are divided into different groups according to the distance between the user and the water recycling. According to the demand diversity in different users, a complex tiered pricing model is established which is relevant of water requirement and the distance of conveyance. Finally, taking the Second Sewage Treatment Plant in Xi'an as an example, the water price of the user - the western suburbs Power Plant of Xi'an is calculated using this model. The result is consistent with the actual situation, which can verify the accuracy and usefulness of this article pricing model. All of these have provided a theoretical basis for the development of the market price of recycled water.

In this paper, the application background and function of vibration test is introduced. Besides, the composition and working principle of vibration test system is also introduced simply. Furthermore, the characteristic of water and oil is compared with each other in the paper. It is discussed if the water hydraulic is able to be used in the hydraulic vibration test-bed or not. The capability of hydraulic vibration test-bed based on water is simulated by Matlab software. The feasibility of this project is also analyzed.

Based on predictions of the mine inflow of water and the complexity of influential factors, a method of BP neural network is put forward for mine inrush water prediction in this paper. We chose proper impact factors and establish non-linear artificial neural network prediction model after analyzed the impact factors of mine water inflow in Shandong Heiwang iron, and also made one prediction with normal mine water inflow during the iron mining operation. It turned out that the result can match with the actual prediction data, which make it possible to predict the mine water inflow with the prediction of Artificial Neural Network.

With the development of printing technology, greater emphasis has been laid on environmentally friendly materials. Due to its printability and environmental friendliness, Water-based flexo ink is gradually gaining popularity at home and abroad, and has been widely applied in the field of printing. Different from other kinds of bills, scratch-type invoices have an additional scratch area on the surface, which highly covering performance is required for the ink applied. This paper emphatically analyzes and discusses: (a) flexo water-based covering ink and its application in scratch-type invoice covering region printing; (b) how to explore and evaluate new developed green inks. Compared with traditional inks, the water-based flexo ink is free of emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC), and its popularization might have significant meanings for the environment protection and sustainable development.

The inhibition effect of medium density fiberboard (MDF), particle board, dyed veneer and poplar veneer photochromic coated with water-borne wood paint and wax oil were studied by CIE(1976)L*a*b* color measurement system. The results showed that the specimen surface towards yellowing, lightness reduced, yellow-blue chromatic index rose and color saturation increased. Coating treatment has good inhibition effect on woodiness material photochromic mainly depends on it can significantly inhibit the yellow-blue index increase.

The effects of surfactants, such as sodium oleate soap, triethanolamine oleate, MOA, OP-4, had been studied for the dispersion of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) in aqueous solution. And the lubricating property of the water dispersion system had been observed by four-ball tester. The results show that sodium oleate soap, MOA and OP-4 have the excellent composite effect for the dispersion of MoS2 aqueous solution, and having a best ratio (wt%) for sodium oleate soap: MOA: OP-4 = 1: 1.8: 2.

While the development of social economy in the coastal areas, the demand of electricity is rising up and the construction of coastal power station is accelerating, but the discharge water is increasingly serious damage to the coastal sea. This paper introduces the system framework and the main function, which is based on GIS to monitor and evaluate the discharge water of power station, and divide the damage rank by using RS, monitoring analysis and discharge standard, so that we can calculate the compensation total value by using ecological compensating technology and draft the management program of the power station. The system can achieve the auto management of the power station, which can assure the normal working of power station and the health of eco-environment to balance the development of the economy and the eco-system.

The engineering property of water-based epoxy resin mortar was investigated in this paper, the fluidity and pin performance are analyzed. Influence of water-based epoxy resin ratio on engineering property was discussed. As the results showed, the fluidity decreases with the increase of resin dosage(water-based epoxy resin on the percentage of total materials), and the best resin dosage is 9.7% around. The shear strength expression was nonlinear fitted, and the integration of shear strength and tensile strength was completed based on the experimental results to guide the engineering application.

In this study, water-based polyurethane coating with anti-graffiti property was prepared. The pot life and volatilization process of volatile matters of the coating were investigated. General properties of pencil hardness, flexibility, adhesion and impact resistance were tested. Along with the increase of anti-graffiti additive in coating formulation, the anti-graffiti performace of the resulted film was improved. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was also carried out to determin the roughness of the coating surface.

Worn casing often appears in deep and ultra deep well which effected by many factors in drilling process, such as casing grades, drilling fluid density and contact forces, and so on. Using polysulfide water-based drilling fluid, simulating the actual bit pressure, rotary speed and other influencing factors, the wear experiments of TP140,VM140,P110 and N80 casing which often are adopted in the oilfield are completed, and the wear efficiency and friction coefficient which are adopted to predict down hole casing wear are obtained. The experimental results show that the higher casing steel grade, the greater the hardness, the better wear performance. The experiments can help deepen the understanding of the mechanism of casing wear. Adopting the results which are obtained in research the prediction accuracy of down hole casing wear can be improved.

Ring gate of Ahai hydropower Station is known to the highest ring gate in the world. In this paper, it is calculated to the driving loads of the Ahai ring gate by six hydraulic servomotors during a closure without automatic control (i.e. in case of a breakdown of the electrical control system), analyzed the behavior of the operating system of the ring gate closure in balanced conditions with the permanent loads, and finally shown to how the six servomotors are synchronized on the basis of the driving loads. There are proved to The feasibility and the credibility of this system of ring gate to a case by using ANSYS.

Take the SPOT remote sensing images for a district in June 2009 as study object, using the texture feature methods based on the wavelet transform to the extraction for image water information, the results show that: The introduction of the wavelet transform and the edge of the restrictions to the the split of waters , can effectively extract and classify different colors, types of water bodies .

The relationship between the length of the objects reflections on the water surface and the following factors including the spacing of objects and people，height of objects，observers’ height and the size of wave are discussed. According to the law of light reflection, a parametric equation is established among them. Secondly, the numerical solutions of the equation can obtained by MATLAB and draw the virtual image of the material point in the water. Besides, the objects reflection on the water surface with slight wave was simulated. Finally, a detailed qualitatively analysis for the relevant factors which affect the length of reflection are made and explains the physical phenomenon successfully.

Ink printing density decides the quality of the printing. The content of resin type and additives, ink fineness and the content of primary inks were changed to improve the quality of the water-based gravure ink. Then use the proof machine of gravure to make a proof and test the printing density of the proofs. The influence factors of water-based gravure ink printing density were studied and the research shows that the ink printing density increases first, then decreases with increasing the content of the primary ink; the ink printing density increases with the ink fineness improvements; different kinds of resin has difference influence on the ink printing density; the ink printing density increases with increasing the content of resin; addition of an effective auxiliary can improve the ink printing density.

To solve the problems of conventional water-based drilling fluid, a new type of water-based drilling fluid system that comprises of water, multi-functional treatment agent and soluble salts is developed. Multi-functional treatment agent provides the necessary properties and soluble salt maintains the required density. The composition of the drilling fluid is simple and it is easy to maintain. This new drilling fluid has the advantages of good rheology and filtration properties, strong plugging and inhibiting abilities, low solid content, pollution-free, wide adaptability, easy preparation and repeated use. It is a new type of drilling fluid system.

An high-performance water-based drilling fluid is a hot subject of research both at home and abroad in recent years. In this paper, the inhibition property and the influence of amino polyols AP-1 and aluminum polymer DLP-1 on drilling fluid properties were evaluated, on this basis, through the formula optimization, the high-performance water based drilling fluid was developed and and field applied. Both laboratory study and field application showed that aluminum polymer can reduce viscosity and filtration rate, and can effectively inhibit the hydration expansion of clay. Amino polyols had a little effect on the viscosity, gel strength and filtration of drilling fluid, but it had a good shale inhibition. This drilling fluid has good properties in rheology, filtration, inhibition and anti-contamination, with a satisfactory overall performance, which is helpful in solving wellbore instability that are due to unenven hydration or well developed micro fractures.

The slipper pairs with concaves of reasonable and unreasonable structures and without concave originally are chosen for the experiment. The experimental results show that appropriate concave distribution can improve the wear and tear condition of the slipper bottom. Under the same experimental condition, the fringe wear volume can be reduced by 28.77%, and the overall wear volume 68.72%, which is the best result.

The flow field of lubrication film under the bottom of the slipper is analyzed particularly. The velocity in different points of the lubrication film on the bottom of the slipper is solved based on the premise that the rotation and self-rotation of the slipper has been taken into account of. This paper puts forward that regular concaves converging along the radial direction be set up in the cyclic zone of slipper’s bottom surface to enhance the lubrication effect and improve the overwear situation in the peripheral parts of the slipper.

To improve the dryness of the water-based plastic gravure ink and ensure their printing quality, by design the orthogonal experiment to compound the ink, to discussion the influencing factors of water-based plastic gravure ink initial dryness and full dryness, and discussion the major and minor of the factors. By using different types of resins, changing the content of alcohol in the dilution dissolvent and changing the content of dilution dissolvent, compound the water-based plastic gravure ink, to study these influencing factors of ink dryness and printing quality. The results show that, the content of the alcohol in the dilution dissolvent is the major effect on the water-based plastic gravure ink initial dryness; the content of dilution dissolvent is the major effect on the water-based plastic gravure ink full dryness; in addition the different types of resins and the proportion of alcohol and water have a great effect on ink performance and the printing quality.

To improve scratch-resistance and abrasion-resistance of water-based varnish, change the type of water-based resin, the type and content of wax emulsion and flow agent, then test scratch-resistance and abrasion-resistance of water-based varnish. The results show that resin and wax emulsion has a great influence on the scratch-resistance and abrasion-resistance of water-based varnish. Adding appropriate amount of wax emulsion can improve scratch-resistance and abrasion-resistance to some extent. Adding flow agent has certain influence on scratch-resistance of water-based varnish.

People pay more and more attention to water-based printing inkjet ink which has no environmental pollution and fits environmental protection requirements. Inkjet printing technology could be applicable small batch and various variety products and satisfy the customer’s personalized requirements. Resin as one of the main compositions of printing inkjet ink has important effects on ink’s performance. To determine the effects of resin on the performance of water-based printing inkjet ink, adopting grinding method prepare the samples by changing resin and its proportion. By testing the samples’ particle size, viscosity, surface tension, pH value, the effects of resin on the water-based printing inkjet ink were analyzed. The results show that the type of resin and composite ratio has some effects on the performance of printing inkjet ink. When the resin was mixed in accordance with Resin B/Resin C=29/21, the performance of printing inkjet ink which was diluted with this resin was better.

Evaluation of the cost of the environmental degradation of water is one of the difficulties in the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Water. In this study, the concept of the cost of the environmental degradation of water was analyzed for the first time. Based on a discussion of evaluation methods related to environmental degradation of water at home and abroad, and the characteristics of the cost of the environmental degradation of water, a set of relatively complete and operational methods to evaluate the cost of the environmental degradation of water was proposed. The calculation results obtained using the Taihu Basin as an example showed that the cost of the environmental degradation of water based on the damage assessment method was four times greater than that based on the cost assessment method. These findings indicate that source control of pollutants provides environmental protection, while reducing the cost of the environmental degradation of water and avoiding economic losses.

The water based acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive was synthesized by seeded pre-emulsion polymerization, the influence of the amount of seeded pre-emulsion, and tri-functional aziridine crosslinker on the properties of the adhesive were studied. It was found that with the increase of the amount of seeded pre-emulsion, latex particle size decreases, contrasted with the increase of the viscosity, surface tension and contact angle of the emulsion; The aging performance of the adhesive can be significantly improved with the increase of the content of the crosslinker; compared with high temperature, high humidity has a more worse negative effect on the aging performance of the adhesive.

In order to study the influence of pH value on the plastic water-based gravure ink, the primary ink that is dispersed by high-speed grinding is maxed with good- compatible water-based resin (solution resin) and promoter in proportion. Getting the different pH value of ink samples by two methods, one way is the Amine neutralizers were added in the ink samples, the other is alkaline substances of the ink samples were volatilized by raising temperature. The influence of the pH value to the property of ink was analyzed by testing the pH value, viscosity, stetting, and glossiness of the proofs. The result indicates that changing the pH value of ink will affect the viscosity of ink. The pH value can influent the release of the resin in the ink to the solvent, so the dryness of ink was also influenced. The pH value of water-based ink has a certain influence to the glossiness of the proofs.

Resin as an important part of water-based plastic gravure ink which directly affect the performance of ink. In order to improve the performance of water-based plastic gravure ink，fixing other components and changing the type of resin to prepare ink. Viscosity of ink was measured. Proof the ink on PET film and the effect of resin on water-based plastic gravure ink was inspected through measuring adhesion, wear resistance and glossiness of the ink. The results indicate that water-based plastic gravure ink was prepared by acrylic resin S-2661D has low viscosity, high glossiness; water-based plastic gravure ink was prepared by acrylic resin 2661-91-3 has better ink adhesion, wear resistance performance.

Water-based ink in low-energy surface wetting more difficult and hinder its application. In order to solve water ink in low-energy on the surface wettability problem, change the kind of cosolvent, kind and content of surfactants prepared ink. They were tested in low-energy CD the surface contact Angle to examine wettability of ink, test the surface tension, ink affecting wettability factors were analyzed. Results show that: in water-based ink add isopropyl alcohol, flow ping agent 432 and substrate wetting agent 245, can better improve its surface wettability in low-energy, and base material wetting agent 245 content about 1.25% wet effect is good.

The FAD3000/50 safety valve is researched that is newly developed by Zhengzhou Coal Mining Machinery Group Co.,Ltd with high water-based pressure ultra great current capacity. The mathematical model is fistly established according to the study of its structure and the practical system on hydraulic support. The simulation computation has carried under the MATLAB software, and this simulation model has confirmed through the test result. After a comparison of multiple sets of simulation results, the influence of primary structure parameter’s change in safety valve to dynamic characteristics is gived.

The environmental protection water-based grafted whole propyl epoxy resin latex(AOW-201) as a basic raw material of the interface penetrant, waterproof pressure and anti-cracking putty, and anti-corrosion coatings and water-based with rust anti-corrosion paint,that are used for reinforced concrete members repair works.Therefore,that is a type of reinforced concrete structures worthy of restoration works to promote the application of new anti-corrosion chemical materials.

A new water-based strippable protected coating was made by polyurethane emulsion and nano-CaCO3 was put in the coating as the fillers. The influence of nano-CaCO3 on the coating was discussed and the influence of film thickness on the coating was studied. The performance of the coating was tested, and when the dosage of nano-CaCO3 was 2% and the film thickness was 0.13~0.14mm, the film had the best strippable ability. Its average mechanics intensity was 5.72MPa and average elongation at break was 258.35%.

This paper presented the results of a comparative study aiming to investigate the effect of reflective coatings on lowering surface temperatures of matrix. Moreover, the important factors of the amount and the color of colored hollow-ceramic micro sphere were discussed. It was demonstrated that the use of reflective coatings could reduce a white surface temperature by 6.5 °C compared to a sample. The temperature difference became to reduce while the color of coatings turned to dark from the white to the yellow.

In this paper, design on a small and high-efficiency sprinkler irrigation system is put forward to make it more effective in saving water after it is argued how the humidity of soil effects the growth of the plant. This system is designed to control the opening of valves to achieve the target of saving much more water based on the measurement of soil humidity. After having a discussion on the method of control, design on the hardware and the software has been finished. This new system could be used in the garden or the lawn, where the irrigation area is relatively small. In addition, this system could also be useful in the irrigation of the greenhouse.

Water based resins have an important application in environmental benign coating to reduce the volatile organic compounds (VOC). This work describes the synthesis and characterization of an acrylic emulsion with core-shell structure by using pre-emulsion and seed emulsion polymerization technology for antifouling paints. The results indicate that when the ratio of soft and hard monomer is in the range of 1:1~2:1 and the amount of cross-linking agent is added, the comprehensive properties of acrylic emulsion are good. Although the coatings were found to develop a whitish aspect (blushing) due to water retrodiffusion, the films did not break and splint, further research are focused to increase their comprehensive properties for marine antifouling application.