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Food waste management has become an important issue from the environmental, economic, and social points of view due to the fast increase of food waste production and serious environmental pollution. Food waste is considered to be an attractive feedstock of anaerobic digestion and has attracted worldwide attention because of its good biodegradability and high methane production potential. However, in practice, anaerobic digestion system of food waste often shows poor performance and stability, which greatly limited the development of anaerobic digestion process of food waste. In order to obtain high treatment efficiency and satisfactory methane yield, many researchers employed various control strategies for anaerobic digestion of food waste including pretreatment, additive agent addition, two-phase anaerobic digestion, and anaerobic co-digestion. Therefore, this article is intended to review the control strategies for anaerobic digestion process that have been developed for methane production from food waste.

As a common kind of surface defects on multi-crystalline silicon solar cells (about 65% of total defects). Based on HALCON image processing library, an automatic silicon wafer surface spot defects detection and classification system has been developed: captured color images via CCD image sensor, located wafers and spots, extracted the spot features, computed and separated the qualified regions from the unqualified ones by SVM classifier. The experimental result showed a high accuracy of 95.7% and fast image analyzing and classifying process (less than 600ms).

Process capability index (PCI) has been widely applied in manufacturing industry as an effective management tool for quality evaluation and improvement, whose calculation in most existing research work is premised on the assumption that there exists no bias. In this paper, the bias of gauge which exerts an effect on the calculation of PCI is indicated inevitable. The influence on PCI caused by the bias is analyzed by constructing a comparative ratio R between the empirical process capability index and the PCI. A confidence interval estimation method is proposed to solve the underestimation problem of PCI.

Fuel cells are together used with solar cells and lithium cells in the propulsion system of hybrid UAVs. According to the result of fuel cell’s performance experiment and based on the radial basis function interpolation, a fuel cell system performance prediction model is established. Moreover, the analysis on the model’s result shows a good accuracy of the method and also a good applicability for the preliminary design of hybrid UAVs.

Flavonoids from Platycarya Strobi lacea Sieb.et Zucc. was extracted with the assistance of microwave.Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize extraction time; microwave power and ratio of solvent to raw material to obtain a high flavonoids yield. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: 65.32% ethanol-water solvent, time 3.96 min and ratio of solvent to raw material 20.8 ml/g.The yield of flavonoids was 3.41% based on the above mentioned conditions.

To explore the kinetics parameters in the ultrasonic-assisted extraction from Limonium bicolor Kunze (Bge.) , the kinetic equation for polysaccharide ultrasonic extraction process was established with ball model. According to Fick’s second law of diffusion, extraction process was analysed. The results can provide the valuable theory basis for the technical design and further research of polysaccharide extraction process.

Polyaniline (PANI) nano-thin films were deposited on a novel microstructure silicon (MSS) substrate via in-situ self-assembly approach for NH3gas-sensing. The MSS was prepared by alkaline etching process, and gold interdigital electrodes were formed on the MSS surface by vacuum evaporation. The characterization of the MSS and PANI nanothin film were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. SEM images showed that the MSS exhibited an orderly uniform hemisphere array structure, and the MSS surface was covered by a compact PANI thin film which consists of PANI nanoparticles and PANI nanofibers. The gas-sensing properties of the sensor were examined at room temperature. The results revealed that the sensor exhibited a good response and recovery characteristics to NH3.

This article starts from introducing the concept of semiotics researches of Cassirer, Duclos, Todorov, Maurice, Fromm and Susan Lange. It analyzes the three functions of symbols, that are the image, indicative and symbolic functions, and classifies the symbol’s image into the materialistic image and idealistic image, the symbol’s function into the systematic, discriminate, and guiding identification system, and the symbolic function into the right, age, region and other aspects of the function. Comparing the characteristics of the three main functions, we concluded that the symbols neither exist singly or individually, nor depending on the specific time ans space. Instead, they are the universal category of the objects.

Starting with the patterns of southwest ethnic minority, I analyzed the components of those patterns and found that metaphors’universal existence in them. This article targets the study of metaphors in patterns of sun, moon, and star, which are divided into three categories: mystery and fantasy, light and hope, worship and power. Therefore, it comes to the conclusion that the metaphors in patterns reveal the national psychology and the aspiration for deities’ bless, at the same time, exert great mental influence upon the development and improvement of the ethnic minorities.

Dissimilar barrier butt joints of AA2024 to AA6061/SiC/55p composite were fabricated by friction stir welding. Effect of the traverse speed on interface bonding, joint microstructure and tensile properties was investigated. Results revealed that, all joints possessed a tensile strength stronger than 80% that of the composite base materials, and the highest strength value was 178MPa. Macro interface can be readily identified in the weld zone between AA2024 and AA6061/SiC/55p composite, of which the area decreased and then increased as the traverse speed increased. The size and shape of SiC particles in the interface zone varied a lot due to different stirring effect and forward impact of the pin in different traverse speeds. Increasingly impairment of the composite base material near the interface was also detected with the traverse speed increasing.

The influence of Fe on microstructure and the expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity of Al-30 wt.% Si alloy was studied. Results show that the primary silicon morphology and size changed significantly after joining the Fe, by angular blocky primary silicon sheet or plate into small pieces and then into a polygonal large lump, edge and angle are passivated. As the content of Fe is 0.3 wt.%, material expansion coefficient and high thermal conductivity. Later, with the increase of the content of Fe, alloy point defect and line defect, surface defect and large area defect increase, the thermal conductivity of materials and inflation performance declined. When the content of Fe is 0.1 wt.%, materials with high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion coefficient, the heat storage performance impact is minimal.

Reservoir geological model is actually used to characterize the reservoir structure and the spatial distribution of reservoir parameters and variations, thus, the prediction of reservoir parameters between wells is the core of geological modeling. In order to improve the accuracy of geological modeling, traditional cycle correlation and sequence stratigraphy method are combined to classfy the sub zones into single sand sections according to the sedimentary characteristics of Changling gas field. The study area has experienced many years of development. On one hand, researchers has a certain understanding of its underground geological characteristics. On the other hand, the well pattern is almost perfect, only the edge of study area needs a certain prediction. Therefore, deterministic and stochastic modeling methods are combined in microfacies modeling and a 3D regional microfacies model of Changling gas field is established finally.

Filter media is designed for industrial dust removal, but in some industrial sites, it is mainly used for air purification. So in the paper, we study air purification performance of typical filter media, including filtration efficiency, resistance, and stage efficiency. The experimental results show that wind velocity has a little effect on filtration efficiency for particulate matter in air. Besides, this paper compares the air purification performance of different filter media.

This paper aims to characterize the evolution of organic matter during the composting of municipal solid waste (MSW). During the 46-day composting process, six samples with different composting time were collected from Songjiang Solid Waste Biological Treatment Plant in Shanghai, China. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) was extracted by ultra-pure water, and the UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectra of DOM were scanned and investigated. The results showed that, during the composting process, non-humus substances in DOM were gradually transformed into humus substances, the aromatization, molecular weight and humification of humus substances increased. Correlation analysis showed that the absorbance value at 280 nm (SUVA280), and the area of 226~400 nm (A226~400) correlated positively with each other. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration exhibited a negative correlation with the parameters S275~295, SUVA280 and A200~226, and the correlation coefficients between the DOC content and the A220~226 value was the best (r= -0.976, P=0.001). The absorbance ratio bewteen 465 and 665 nm (E465/E665) showed a significant correlation with SUVA280 (r=-0.892, P=0.017), A226~400 (r=-0.909, P=0.012) and DOC (r=0.840, P=0.036). The absorbance ratio of 250 to 365 nm (E250/E365) correlated significantly with DOC (r=-0.880, P=0.021), and showed no correlation with the other parameters. Absorption curve slope in the range of 275~295nm (S275~295) showed a significantly positive correlation with the DOC content (r=0.961, P=0.002). Among all parameters, the A200~226, A226~400 and S275~295 values reflected compost maturity best.

Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), VSP electrochemical workstation and friction and wear tester equipment are applied for comparing the effects on organizations and properties of micro-arc oxidation fabricated on a piece of aluminum alloy sample with additives of La (NO3)3 or Ce (SO4)2. The results revealed that both coatings with these two different additives are consisted of α-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3, but the peaks of main phases are evident with La (NO3)3. Compared the two different coatings, it could be found that less micro-cracks can be observed from the coating with La (NO3)3 additive. Beside this, aperture in this coating is also smaller and corrosion resistance and wear resistance are much better.

This part mainly focuses on the calculation, analysis and verification of the analytic model of the novel mechanism obtained in Part I. An indirect solution method is presented to simplify the calculation of the motional quantities. Then the kinematic and dynamic equations are solved and some interested results representing the kinematic and dynamic features of mechanism are figured out. A virtual prototype model of mechanism is established in ADAMS to verify the validity of the analytic model and the calculation process. Good agreements between the two models are found from the comparing of trajectory curves, which implies that the modeling, calculation and analysis in this study are accurate.

This part mainly focuses on the calculation, analysis and verification of the analytic model of the novel mechanism obtained in Part I. An indirect solution method is presented to simplify the calculation of the motional quantities. Then the kinematic and dynamic equations are solved and some interested results representing the kinematic and dynamic features of mechanism are figured out. A virtual prototype model of mechanism is established in ADAMS to verify the validity of the analytic model and the calculation process. Good agreements between the two models are found from the comparing of trajectory curves, which implies that the modeling, calculation and analysis in this study are accurate.

To increase the industrial applicability of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys, various methods have been used to refine primary silicon. The addition and refinement effects of phosphorus (P), rare earth metals (RE) on primary Si have been studied widely, But they have been testified be with some disadvantages, that is, the pollution to the environment of P and the high cost of RE, etc. Now, a new refiner - ZnS and the corresponding processing technology were researched. Microstructures of hypereutectic Al-Si alloy (Si wt. 24%) with fine primary Si were successfully obtained. And the primary Si can be refined from more than 80μm to 20μm. And the distribution of primary silicon is getting more uniform.

TiB2-TiC0.8-40vol%SiC multiphase ceramics were prepared by in-situ hotpressing sintering. The phase composition and microstructures of the materials were characterized by optical mic- oscope, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of sintering temperature on the phases, microstructures and mechanical properties of the ceramics were investigated. The results show that density, bending strength and fracture toughness of the ceramics are increased with the elevation of sintering temperature (1800-1950°C). High densified TiB2-TiC0.8-40vol%SiC multipha- se ceramics and optimized microstructure is obtained by sintering at 1900°C, in which the uniform distribution of lath-shape TiB2 and bulk TiC0.8 grains can be observed obviously. Nano-SiC particles distributed dispersively in the TiB2 and TiC0.8 grains and at boundaries. The Vickers hardness, fract- ure toughness, flexural strength and electrical conductivity of the TiB2-TiC0.8-40vol%SiC multipha- se ceramics sintered at 1900°C are 24.055GPa, 8.27±1.0MPa∙m1/2, 516.69MPa and 2.2×106S∙m-1, respectively. However, up to 1950°C, TiB2 and TiC0.8 grains gradually grew up, the bending stren- gth of multiphase ceramics was decreased greatly. In addition, TiB2, TiC0.8 and SiC particles were incorporated together to improve the particulate strength and toughness of composite material by the synergistic mechanism effects among the crystal phases in the multiphase ceramics, such as crack deflection, grain’s pull-out and fine-grain toughening.

Al-Si-Al2O3 composites were prepared by powder metallurgy with in-situ synthesis technology. The recovery and recrystallization behavior of Al-Si-Al2O3 composites which underwent compression and then heat-treatment under different temperature were studied using micro-hardness tester, optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) . The results showed that the hardness of composites increased dramatically after compression, and the sample containing 5wt% Si was increasing more evidently than the sample including 10wt%Si. Heat treatment gradually eliminated work hardening; meanwhile the fact that the hardness of composites trended to decline greatly when subjected to annealing suggested occurrence of recovery and recrystallization inside the composites. Recrystallization nucleation preferentially took place in the region near the particle, while the growth of recrystallized grains can also be hindered owning to the pining effect of particles. Depending on the analysis of microstructure and microhardness, it can be concluded that the recrystallization temperature of Al-wt.5%Si-Al2O3 composites was 500°C and the Al-wt.10%Si-Al2O3 composites was 525°C.

The paper adopts the interface element to simulate the joints so as to systematically and quantitatively study the deformation around tunnel, the mechanic state of lining and the stability under different inclining angles of joints. The result shows that the deformation around tunnel deteriorates mainly along the joint during the inner convergence effects of surrounding rock. When the inclining angle α=45°, the deformation around the tunnel is most serious, followed by that when α=90°, α=60°, α=30° and α=0°. At the same time, the influence of inclining angle on the distribution of the axial force of lining is comparatively small. But the distribution of bending moment and shear change obviously where the joints penetrate the tunnel. The tunnel stability of surrounding rock is the poorest when α=90° and the tunnel is most stable when α=0°. The stability of surrounding rock changes little when α is between 30° and 60°. The research result provides an effective calculation method for the forecast of deformation, the design of structure and the stability analysis of jointed tunnel. It is also helpful for the monitoring of construction and calculation of jointed tunnel in the future.

Polysaccharide fromPanax japlcus var(PJVPs) was extracted with microwave-assisted (MAE). The effects of operating conditions, such as extraction time, ratio of water to raw material , and microwave power, on the extraction yield of PJVPs were studied through a Box-Behnken design (BBD). The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time 9.14 min, power 728.5 W and ratio of water to raw material 27.57ml/g. The yield of polysaccharide was 14.02 % based on the above mentioned conditions.

Ceramic coatings were fabricated on casting aluminum-copper alloy through micro-arc oxidation by mixing Ce(SO4)2 into the silicate electrolyte. The effects of Ce(SO4)2 additive on the ceramic coatings were analyzed by means of SEM, EDX, XRD, hardness and corrosion tests. The results show that Ce(SO4)2 effectively promoted the reaction of the MAO coating surface, increased the thickness and hardness of the coating and enhanced the corrosion-resisting property. The optimal addition amount of Ce(SO4)2 in the electrolyte is 0.2g/L.

A new unpowered decanter system was designed to lift the decanting sink only by the dynamic provided by liquid level difference. The system arranged the float tank pools symmetrically in both ends of the decanting sink. The system was run by the difference of liquid level between float tank pool and reaction pool. When the level difference got small, the float tank would rise and hence lift up the decanting sink in the reaction pool to up above the liquid level; when the level difference got large, the float tank no longer received the buoyance so the decanting sink would float in the reaction pool and decant. The testing results of the experiment device showed that by means of difference of liquid level to lift the decanting sink was feasible. The new system is simple in structure, so that the construction and maintenance cost is not high. It also does not consume electricity. It provides a new decanter model.

Flavonoids from Tussilago farfara L. was extracted with the assistance of microwave.Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize extraction time; microwave power and ratio of water to raw material to obtain a high flavonoids yield.The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: 73.3% ethanol-water solvent, time 16.25 min and ratio of solvent to raw material 36.2ml/g.The yield of flavonoids was 11.37% based on the above mentioned conditions.

nfluence of frequency on fretting fatigue damage behavior of Al-Zn-Mg alloy was studied in this paper. Fretting fatigue lives and damage characteristics of Al-Zn-Mg alloy were researched under different frequencies. Macroscopic tests and microscopic analysis were used to study on influence of frequency on fretting fatigue damage behavior of Al-Zn-Mg alloy. Fatigue lives would be greatly reduced by fretting under the experimental conditions in this paper. With frequency increasing, fretting fatigue lives were firstly decreased and then increased (f=9Hz). Fretting scar, which was the important reason for fretting fatigue crack initiation, was caused by embedding debris; eventually, crack initiated at the edge of the fretting scar. Fretting fatigue fracture is a whole process of crack initiation, propagation and final fracture. And final fracture increased with frequency reducing, which was generally occurred near the center of the fracture.

Polysaccharides from Tussilago farfara L.(TFPs) was extracted with the assistance of ultrasonic.Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize extraction time; extraction temperature;ultrasonic extraction power and ratio of water to raw material to obtain a high TFPs yield.The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 65.1°C, ultrasonic power 380.5W, extraction time 28.7 min and ratio of water to raw material 23.6ml/g.The yield of polysaccharide was 2.14% based on the above mentioned conditions.

To explore the kinetics parameters in the ultrasonic-assisted extraction from Tussilago farfara L , the kinetic equation for polysaccharide ultrasonic extraction process was established with ball model. According to Ficks second law of diffusion, extraction process was analysed. The results can provide the valuable theory basis for the technical design and further research of polysaccharide extraction process.

ndoor steel stairs, which are usually designed by professional construction companies, are controlled by the stiffness and strength. However the vibration problem is not considered and may lead to the problem of comfortability and even safety. This paper focuses on vibration of steel stairs by a case study. Both the vertical and the lateral vibration are concerned in the study by site test and numerical analysis. Based on the test and analytical results, the vibration evaluation is done for it. Finally some suggestions for indoor steel stair are given to reduce the problem of vibration.

In this paper, the Brown motion PSO is proposed to deal with the slow convergence, low precision and local optimal problem of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm in solving the complex functions. The wave operator is designed, which is similar to the differential mutation operator, to improve the particle velocity formula. The new algorithm is applied in the design of the adaptive filter; Experiments results show that the new algorithm has the faster convergence than the traditional PSO algorithm, and it has the better stability.

Collapse and severe damage of rural housing were found to be the main seismic damage of rural housing, which leads to a lot of casualties and loss. The violent earthquakes, such as Wenchuan earthquake and Yushu earthquake caused serious damages and gave lessons to the society for better seismic performance of rural housing. Due to limitation of the fund, technology and information, the rural houses lack of normal design, construction and necessary supervision of the government. The insufficient structural capacity and weak integrity may result in the collapse of bearing members and roof or truss under disaster-causing action. The typical damage of rural housing is presented and analyzed for demonstration. Some suggestions to effectively enhance the seismic performance is hence given. From the macroscopic view, publicity for more seismic knowledge should be proceeded and the complete supervision system should be improved. And the technological measure is stressed for better collapse resistant capacity by designing reasonable structural system and reliable connection.

Cu(OH)2/N-TiO2compound heterojunction photcocatalyst was prepared via a facile precipitation method. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission transmission electron microscope (FE-SEM), ultraviolet-visible light (UV-vis) absorbance spectra technologies. The results suggest the as-obtained samples are spherical structure with the diameter of approximately 10-20 nm, the absorbance intensity in the visible light range increased with the amount of deposited increased. Photocatalytic activities of samples were investigated under visible light and methyl orange (MO) acted as simulation pollutants. The catalytic ablity of the synthesized photocatalysts under visible light irradiation showed higher than that of N-P25(TiO2). The remarkable photocatalytic activities are due to the high-quality of composites structure and the driving force for electron transfer in nanoparticle.

The corrosion behavior of Cu50Zr40Ti10 (at. %) in HCl and NaCl solutions was investigated. The corrosion current densities icorr in HCl and NaCl solutions increase with increasing Clconcentration when the Cl- concentration is

Milling head box is an important supporting part of spiral drill collar machine. Its dynamic performance has a big effect to the machine tool working accuracy. The three-dimensional (3D) model of milling head box was built in this paper. With finite element analysis software, the dynamic performance of the box was analyzed. The first six natural frequencies, relevant vibrations and mode shapes of the box were obtained. The results indicate that the milling head box structure is reasonable. No resonance will be induced during the machining process. It also provides thoughts and reference for further dynamic performance researches with practical significance.

As the electrochemical oxidation technology is an effective and reliable clean technology, in this study the electrochemical oxidation activated sludge process was developed, in which the electrolysis reactor with homocentric circle arrangement electrode was installed, with Ti/RuO2 being used as reticular plates. The results showed that the electrochemical oxidation can reduce activated sludge production substantially. The lysis efficiency of activated sludge achieved was 29.98% in the experiment under the optimal oxidation conditions as follows: pH=12, 60 min of intermittent electrolysis time, working voltage of 6 V and initial VSS concentration of 4670 mg·L-1,while the SCOD and TP being released from cell lysis at the maximum of 712.2 and 33 mg·L-1 respectively; and the NH3-N also reached the maximum and presented a declining trend with operation time?, which showed that this conditions were the best for electrolysis oxidation of activated sludge.

The study focuses on the information acquisition in assembly line with radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. After analyzing the situation of information acquisition in assembly line, an identification information acquisition frame based on integration of RFID and barcode is proposed. For the different requirement of identification granularity and manufacturing process information the parts are divided into three classes and identified with corresponding technology. The application result shows the production efficiency and quality is improved; the synchronization of logistics and information flow in manufacture is enhanced.

The stability of reservoir landslide would be influenced obviously by the fluctuation of water level, especially when the water descends, which is different from common landslide. Due to the unsteady seepage of underground water inside slope caused by the change of water level, the stability analysis of reservoir landslide through fluid-solid coupling is very complicated. At present, most people hold the view qualitatively that the less the permeability coefficient is and the faster the water level changes, the more unfavorable it is to the stability. This view lacks quantitative basis. Based on FEM strength reduction, the paper analyzes the influence of different sets of descending speed and permeability coefficient on the stability of reservoir landslide through fluid-solid coupling analysis. The paper also conducts the relevant analysis on the change of the characteristics of seepage field inside the slope, which provides basis for the study of the failure mechanism and the forecast of reservoir landslide.

Through adopting the self-explored experimental system of ultrasonic vibration, this experiment studied the adsorption and desorption characteristics of methane in coal under the sound field varying in frequency and sound intensity. Results of the research showed that the methane absorption in coal reduces when being placed in the sound field, and the amount of absorption reduces as the sound intensity increases. The amount of methane desorbed in coal increases under the working of sound field, which indicates that the effect of sound field can promote methane desorption and diffusion. the adsorption 、desorption law of methane in coal are the same under the condition of sound field and no sound field, The absorption model can be described by the Eequation D-R、Langmuir Equation、Freundlich Equation and Equation BET. Plus, the Equation D-R、Langmuir Equation can better describe the law of methane absorption in coal. Desorption model can be expressed by empirical formula、diffusion model and percolation model, and the diffusion model can better describe the desorbing characteristics of methane. These results can provide theoretical principles to improve the rate of coal seam extraction under ultrasonic vibration.

5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural (F) could be formed in soft beverages of rich sugar during process, and often used as an index of heat treatment. HMF was also considered as potentially carcinogenic to humans. High performance liquid chromatography was used to determine HMF and F contents of 26 soft beverage samples. The HMF contents were in a range 0.17-8.26 mg/L for 11 carbonated beverages, 0.37-22.23 mg/L for 8 fruit juice beverages and 0.05-1.63 mg/L for 7 tea beverages. The F contents were in a range 0.87-6.78 mg/L for 8 fruit juice beverages, but lower than 0.39 mg/L and 0.37 mg/L for 11 carbonated and 7 tea beverages, respectively. The highest contents of HMF and F were 22.23 mg/L and 6.78 mg/L. The contents of HMF and F in the group of tea beverage were the lowest among three groups of beverage samples.

The technology of soft-switching can improve stability ,reliability and efficiency of the inverting spot welding power supply .In this paper ,a new kind of topology of zero-voltage switching spot welding power supply is proposed ,which is auxiliary circuit in paralleling with the lagging lag ,so it can afford auxiliary current of soft switch .With the relationship between circuit state of every working mode of main circuit and main circuit parameters in new topology ,the ability of searching optimal overall situation of ACA is used to optimize circuit parameters ,and it turns out to confirm the advantage of this topology .

Years’ precipitation data of Chongqing from 101 metrological stations has been adopted in the paper and the regression equations between annual precipitation and altitude, longitude, and height have been obtained by the use of SPSS, then elaborate simulation of Chongqing’s precipitation resources based on regression analysis was completed through the 1km×1km grid system and fitted equation. Elaborated simulation of precipitation resources was realized by best spatial interpolation method with the support of GIS; then the results of two different simulation methods were coupled in the form of linear combination to obtain the coupling simulation of spatial distribution of Chongqing’s precipitation resources, finally the precipitation resources were summed up and distributed according to different administration areas at county level and thus obtain precise simulation data of precipitation resources in each county of Chongqing. The results showed that there is a remarkable regional difference in the spatial distribution of precipitation resources of Chongqing, and it decreases from the southeast to the northwest in general, with the annual precipitation higher than 1270mm in southeast and lower than 1080mm in northwest.

Liquid desiccant cooling system is a novel air conditioner with good energy saving potential, which should be a promising choice to meet the needs of cooling and moisture loads. Among all regeneration methods, ED regeneration method should be a promising choice for liquid desiccant cooling system. In this paper, systematic experiments were carried out to investigate the electrical conductivity of desiccant solution. Experimental data of electrical conductivity of desiccant solution is acquired in the experiment, which will be greatly helpful to the energy analysis of ED regeneration system. The experimental results show that the energy consumption in the concentrated chambers is more than others for ED regeneration system cells. Moreover, increasing the temperature of desiccant solution may be a measurement to reduce the energy consumption of ED regeneration system.

The solutions of mechanism position fall squarely into the solutions of nonlinear evolution equations, which is an extremely difficult process. Using the chaotic sequence as the initial values of mathematical programming, all solutions of equations can be quickly found out. Neural network, which is a highly complicated nonlinear system, exist the chaos phenomenon. By eliminating the simulated annealing strategy of the transient chaos nerve cell, a kind of chaotic nerve cell that could permanently maintain chaos was investigated. With the hyper-chaos system and mathematical programming, the this new method for solving the nonlinear equation setting based on the initial node generating by the hyper-chaos mathematical programming of neural network was put forward. The mathematical model of forward displacement analysis of general 6-SPS parallel mechanisms is set up based on a quaternion.

The virtual prototyping model of large erecting system is established by means of ADAMS and AMESim software. Based on the theory of multi-rigid body dynamic, the topology description of erecting system is given. Dynamics analysis model of large erecting system is built in ADAMS software, and mechanics character is given through the analysis of the erecting system. The simulation model of hydraulic system is built using AMESim software. Collaborative simulation based on the interfaces of ADAMS and AMESim is discussed, and the dynamic characteristic of the erecting system is simulated based on the interfaces of ADAMS and AMESim. Some simulation results are given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed model. This method provides a new approach for the modeling and simulation of electro-mechanical systems.

The experimental research on the strength of the steel bar embedded in the masonry wall is presented in this paper. Six existing masonry buildings of different construction age are concerned in site test. Only the steel bar with diameter of 6mm and embedded depth of 100mm is selected as the specimen for test. Few cases of damage by the rapture of glue are found. The two failure modes as cone rapture of brick and yield of steel bar illustrate the effectiveness of the embedded steel bar. By the pull-off test and side push test, the strength of the embedded steel bar in the masonry wall is got.

Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) was largely investigated by experiments. However, with the improvements in computing capabilities, the numerical method is becoming more and more popular. This paper reviews the literature on the numerical simulation of VIV and focuses on the advances in the last decade.

The classical Clapper-Yule model and its improved models will both introduced the extended application which supports rough printing and halftone color fluorescent imaging. The characteristics of the new model were analyzed and the prospect of the Clapper-Yule mode was discussed. We proposed a new model, which was an enhancement of the classical Clapper-Yule model, which simulate optical dot gain of halftone prints by taking into account lateral scattering within the paper bulk and multiple internal reflections. The model we propose also takes into account the reflectance of inks at surface of the specific colors at specific rates. The model opens the way towards color separation of images to be reproduced. Several designs printed on an offset press demonstrate their applicability and their benefits.

In the remediation of heavy metal contaminated site, determining the remediation boundary of contaminated site and amount of contaminated soil are important link of the entire work. This paper uses surfer software to draw out a picture of Pb-contamination distribution in different soil layers, determines a remediation boundary, and provides a reliable basis and brings great convenience for later repair work.

Based on the process of health risk assessment for Cd contaminated sites, study the relationship between exposure duration and recommended target of soil remediation. This paper discusses the changes (from 7.7 mg/kg to 5.0 mg/kg, from 9.1 mg/kg to 3.8 mg/kg) of recommended target for soil remediation when the exposure duration has large changes (EDa ranges from 6a to 36a, EDc ranges from 1a to 12a). The results point out that both EDa and EDc have effects on recommended target of soil remediation, and in general, exposure duration and recommended target of soil remediation vary inversely.