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Colloidal gold nanoparticles have been successfully prepared using a simple two-electrode cells connected to a DC power supply. During the electro-dissolution-reduction process, the bulk gold at the anode oxidized into gold cations which then reacted with the chloride ions to form aurochloride complex. The complex ions were then reduced by the citrate ion to form colloidal gold nanoparticles. The size and shape of the nanoparticles were modulated by varying the terminal voltages. The colloidal gold nanoparticles obtained were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis). From FESEM analysis, it was found that by increasing the voltage, the size of colloidal gold nanoparticles produced marginally decreased. The mean sizes of gold nanoparticles were roughly about 23.5 nm, 23.2 nm and 19.3 nm for 32 V, 36 V and 40 V, respectively. TEM micrograph showed that the shape of gold nanoparticles obtained is almost spherical. The characteristic peaks of UV-Vis spectra revealed that the suspension was indeed colloidal gold nanoparticles. Keywords: Gold, Nanoparticles, Electro-dissolution-reduction

In this study, three different concentration of organic loading rate (OLR) were investigated to examine the effect of the change in the organic loading rate on the efficiency of the biogas production. Daily amount of biogas of different type of organic loading rate (OLR), rates of production of biogas, removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solid (TS) matter, volatile solids (VS) matter from the slurry were investigated in 30 days retention tyme using 50 L digester. The digester was operated at different organic feeding rates of 25000 mg/L COD, 50000 mg/L COD, and 75000 mg/L COD. The material used in this system is the fruits waste, vegetables waste and cow dung. The system operated in continuous system. The reactor showed stable performance with the highest quality of methane (concentration about70.3% of CH4) and rate of biogas production is 38.1 L/day with COD reduction of 52.1% during organic loading rate 50000 mg/L COD. As the organic loading rate was increased, the COD degradation and biogas yield decreased. Based on this result, the OLR of 50000 mg/L COD is suggested as design criteria for pilot biogas production.

Graphene was fabricated by a well-known technique of ignition of magnesium (Mg) metal ribbon in solid carbon dioxide. Two dry ice slabs were used as carbon source for the production of graphene. A hemispherical cavity of about 3-4 cm diameter was carved on surfaces of both dry ice slabs. About 0.5g of Mg ribbon was burnt and immediately placed into the dry ice cavity. It was then covered up by another carved slab of dry ice. After complete combustion, mixture of black and white residues was formed. It was then recovered. 20 ml of 1 M HCl acid was added to the product mixture. Reaction of HCl with MgO and unburned Mg formed MgCl2 which was then washed away by deionized water. The isolated carbon material was separated as product. Characterization of the product was performed using optical microscopy (OM), where images showed the presence of sheet-like light gray objects. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analyses revealed the presences of graphene. The lateral length of the sheet was about 3-3.5 μm and the surface area was about 3-5.5 μm2 using images analysis software.

Nanoparticle from group II-IV semiconductor nanoparticles is widely studied for solar cells. The ability to modify the surface of nanoparticle is significant to successful use in various applications. In this research, mercaptoundecionic acid (MUA) and trioctyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) were used as ligand for cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanoparticles. The wavelength shift to a shorter value observed due to decreasing size of CdSe nanoparticle after ligand exchange from TOPO to MUA. The electrophoretic deposition methods (EPD) have being employed to deposite CdSe nanoparticles films on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO). The deposition voltages used are between 100 - 400 V for 15 minutes. From SEM results show the formation layer of CdSe nanoparticles capped with MUA is strong and porous as compared to CdSe nanoparticle capped with TOPO. MUA capped CdSe shows better cell efficiency compared to TOPO capped CdSe which is 0.1735 %.

PbxCd1-xS quantum dots (QDs) was successfully deposited on TiO2 mesoporous film as TiO2 mesoporous photoanode using successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method for quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs). Quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) were prepared by sandwiching the TiO2 mesoporous photoanode with Cu2S counter electrode. Single layer of PbxCd1-xS, PbS and CdS and multilayer of PbS/CdS/ZnS as well as multilayer PbS/PbxCd1-xS/CdS/ZnS were prepared for characterizations. The characterizations including X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), UV-visible spectrophotometer and Current-density voltage (J-V) measurement were carried out to study the effects of number of SILAR cycles of PbxCd1-xS interlayer for molar fraction, x of 0.2 in QDSSCs. PbxCd1-xS interlayer with four SILAR cycles is incorporated between PbS and CdS layer will increase the efficiency in QDSSCS.

In this paper the TiO2 nanoparticle for scattering layers were prepared using hydrolytic and non-hydrolytic sol gel route. The TiO2 nanoparticles by hydrolytic sol gel were prepare by adding 5 ml of titanium (IV) isopropanol (TTIP) with 15 ml isopropanol. Then this TTIP mixture was added dropwise into 250 ml water with adjusted pH to 3 using nitric acids. For non-hydrolytic sol gel route 12 gram of acetylacetone, 12 gram of TTIP and 16 gram of ethanol anhydrous were mixed in a beaker under vigorous stirring. Then the prepared TiO2 nanoparticles solutions were deposited onto TiO2 mesoporous layer via spray pyrolysis and assemble into complete solar cell. From the XRD (X-ray diffraction) results show that the phase of TiO2 nanoparticles formed by hydrolytic sol gel route was amorphous and for non-hydrolytic route the phase formed was mixture of anatase and rutile. The efficiency of the solar cell shows that scattering layer prepare by hydrolytic route give higher efficiency, 6.0 x 10-5 %, as compare to scattering layer prepare by non-hydrolytic route, 4.9 x 10-5 %.

As a transparent conducting oxide, Cd:ZnO system is considered potential candidate for optoelectronic applications alternate to Al:ZnO. However instability issue of the Cd:ZnO system is under debate. Here we investigate effect of Cd impurities on physical properties of ZnO in wurtzite (WZ) as well as zincblende (ZB) geometries. Density functional theory (DFT) based full potential linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbital FP-L(APW+lo) method has been adapted for these investigations. To calculate the total energy of the system, exchange correlation energy term is evaluated at the level of GGA. For the more realistic band gap calculation, GGA in addition to mBJ exchange potential has been employed. From our calculations, it is observed, Cd:ZnO is more stable in ZB structure than that of WZ. The Cd substitution ZnO has a tendency to convert the hexagonal geometry into cubic. It is also observed, doping of the Cd impurities strongly influence the electronic structures resulting into the narrowing energy band gap.

This paper presents a study on the effect of obstacle angles on signal strength for different mounting elevations of XBee Pro module. The study has been conducted by using two units of XBee Pro modules which each represents a receiver and a transmitter. The transmitter is mounted in three different elevations which are 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 meter from the ground while the receiver is fixed at the same elevation but at different positions which yield to different angles. When the transmitter continuously transmits the wireless signal carrying its particular address, the receiver will detect the signal address once the range of communication of both receiver and transmitter intersects. The results obtained are the values of signal strength, in percentage, with respect to the obstacle angles between receiver and transmitter for different mounting elevations of transmitter. These data are then converted into graph that illustrates the signal strength characteristics for each mounting elevation. Finally, the best mounting elevation is to be identified based on the result obtained.

The partial discharge (PD) phenomenon is very harmful for electrical appliances and its early detection could be a cost effective approach for the industry. Although many techniques are used for PD detection yet no technique has presented widely acceptable solution. Still the subject needs parallel study of the detection techniques. In this study, partial discharge signal has been captured by the three techniques using fiber optic sensor (FOS), Piezoelectric Sensor (PZT), leakage current (LC) techniques. In these experiments, FOS shows good sensitivity in the range of applied high voltage > 5 kV. The sensitivity and noise level of PD signal was different in these two experiments.

There is a high risk of insulation system dielectric instability when partial discharge (PD) occurs. Therefore, measurement and monitoring of PD is an important preventive tool to safeguard high-voltage equipment from wanton damage. PD can be detected using optical method to increase the detection threshold and to improve the performance of on-line measurement of PD in noise environment. The PD emitted energy as acoustic emission. We can use this emitted energy to detect PD signal. The best method to detect PD in power transformer is by using acoustic emission. Optical sensor has some advantages such as; high sensitivity, more accuracy small size. Furthermore, in on-site measurements and laboratory experiments, it isoptical methodthat gives very moderate signal attenuations. This paper reviews the available PD detection methods (involving high voltage equipment) such as; acoustic detection and optical detection. The advantages and disadvantages of each method have been explored and compared. The review suggests that optical detection techniques provide many advantages from the consideration of accuracy and suitability for the applications when compared to other techniques.

Many researches on electrophoretic deposition of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) use commercial TiO2 nanoparticles from Degussa. TiO2 from Degussa is not use in this research because in order to make the TiO2 nanoparticle electronically charged and move under an applied constant voltage, a small amount of iodine and acetylacetone needs to be added to the suspension. It is suggested that the H+ ions generated by the reaction is absorbed on the suspended particles making them positively charged. For anodic EPD, negatively charged nanoparticles are required. In this research TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by adding 1 ml of titanium isopropoxide dilute with 1 ml ethanol to 10 ml DI water and stirrer under 0°C for 4 hr. As prepared TiO2 nanoparticle were centrifuged at 5500 rpm for 10 min to isolate the particles from the solution. Then the TiO2 nanoparticles were resuspended in ethanol or water. TiO2 nanoparticle with particle diameter of 4.66 nm and anatase phase were produced. Important electrophoretic deposition process parameters, such as apparent pH of the TiO2 NPs, applied voltage, deposition time and solid loading, were studied during electrophoretic deposition of TiO2 nanoparticles.

The gold nanoparticles film has been successfully formed on the silicon wafer by self-assembled method. The gold colliods were prepared by chemical reduction method where sodium citrate (act as the reducing, capping and stabilizing agent) were added into the boiling 50ml of 0.01% tetrachloroauria acid (HAuCl4) solution in reflux system. Different particle size of gold colloids (AuNPs_1 and AuNPs_2) were produced by altering the amount of sodium citrate. The as-prepared gold colloids were characterized by UV - Vis spectrometry, Malvern particle size analyzer, zeta potential and XRD. Self-assembled method of Au nanoparticles were first start with the cleaning of silicon wafers using standard RCA cleaning, and followed by the piranha treatment to producing an OH-terminated surface. Then, the wafers were functionalized with organosilane molecule by immersing the silicon wafer in 10mM of surfactant in methanolic solution to produce self-assemble monolayers (SAMs) on silicon wafer surface. These layers were used to immobilize the gold nanoparticles from as-prepared gold colloid and result of the gold nanoparticles film on silicon wafer. Effect of surfactant ((3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS) and (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPTMS)), effect of particle size of gold colloid (AuNPs_1 and AuNPs_2) and the effect of deposition time (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2 hours) to the surface morphology such as surface coverage, inter-particle distance were studied in this work. The surface morphology of gold nanoparticles films were characterized by FESEM and AFM.

Asphalt hardens as a result of an aging process. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of field aging simulated by laboratory aging method of different hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixture. Three types HMA mixtures were used for this study namely Asphaltic Concrete with 10 mm nominal maximum aggregate size (AC 10), Aspaltic Concrete 28 mm (AC 28) and Porous Asphalt 10 mm (PA 10). The resilient modulus test was carried out as an indicator of the performance at a 25 °C and 40 °C. Generally, all samples show similar trend which aged mixture produced slightly higher resilient modulus compared to unaged mixture while an increase in temperature from 25 °C to 40 °C might reduced the resilient modulus up to 88%. This study also found that the difference increment of resilient modulus after the aging process attributed by asphalt content, air void and gradation of respective mixtures.

This paper presents a study on the effect of distance between XBee Pro modules to the maximum data transfer for three different mounting elevations. The study has been conducted by using two units of XBee Pro modules which each represents a receiver and a transmitter. The transmitter is mounted in three different elevations which are 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 meter from the ground while the receiver is fixed at the same elevation. When the transmitter continuously transmits the wireless signal carrying its particular address, the receiver will detect the signal address once the range of communication of both receiver and transmitter intersects. The results obtained are the values of data size, in bytes, with respect to the distance between receiver and transmitter for different mounting elevations of transmitter. These data are then converted into graph that illustrates the data size-distance characteristics for each mounting elevation. Finally, the best mounting elevation is to be identified based on the result obtained.

Nickel-iron-silicon nitride nanocomposite coatings were prepared by electrodeposition technique. The deposition was performed at current density of 11.5 A dm-2. Nano-size silicon nitride was mixed in the electrolyte bath as dispersed phase. The effects of silicon nitride nanoparticulates in the nickel-iron nanocomposite coating were investigated in relation to the concentration of silicon nitride in the plating bath. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the deposited nickel iron alloy coating has face-centered cubic structure (FCC). However, a mixture of body-centered cubic (BCC) and face-centered cubic (FCC) phases were observed for nickel iron-silicon nitride nanocomposite coatings. . The change of crystal structure to FCC + BCC is due to the higher Fe content in the deposit. The crystallite size of Ni-Fe nanocomposite coating decreased with increasing concentration of silicon nitride in the coating. An increase of silicone nitride in electrolyte solution leads to the increase in surface roughness of the nickel-iron-silicon nitride nanocomposite.

Recently, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are attracting much interest as fibrous materials for reinforcing aluminium matrix composites due to unique properties such as high strength, elastic modulus, flexibility and high aspect ratios. However, the quality of the dispersion is the major concern factor which determines the homogeneity of the enhanced mechanical and tribological properties of the composite. This work study and characterized the nanocomposite prepared with different weight percentage of CNT in aluminium matrix using powder metallurgy route under high energy planetary ball milling operations. The ball milling was performed for three hours at different milling speeds and under controlled atmosphere. The experimental results showed homogeneous dispersion of CNTs in aluminium matrix at 300 rpm. The preliminary mixing of CNTs and aluminium powder in a tube via manual shaking could be the main contributing factor in achieving uniform dispersion of CNT in aluminium matrix after ball milling. The addition of ethanol as a process control agent reduced the agglomeration of CNTs in the matrix. Control atmosphere during milling also prevented the formation of inter metallic compounds such as aluminium carbide in the composite.

The purpose of this research is to study the effect of synthesis temperature in order to produce anatase TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) without using strong acids. In this research TiO2 nanoparticles was prepared by the hydrolysis and condensation of titanium (IV) isopropoxide in water at synthesis temperature of 0°C ± 0.1°C which produced anatase TiO2 crystallite size of 4.66 nm. XRD (X-ray diffraction) was used to analyse the crystal structure of the TiO2 and to calculate the crystallite size of the TiO2 nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was also used to characterise the morphology of the TiO2 nanoparticles.

Maghemite nanoparticle suspensions were synthesized using a co-precipitation method and characterized by a variety of techniques including XRD, TEM, magnetic measurement, DLS, and zeta potential. The stability of the suspension was monitored by measuring the particle size distribution using DLS over a period of two months. The diffraction pattern from XRD measurement confirmed that the particles were maghemite with an average crystallite size of 9.4 nm. TEM observations and analyses showed that the geometry of maghemite nanoparticles were nearly spherical with a mean physical diameter of 9.9 nm. The maghemite nanoparticles showed superparamagnetic behavior with saturation magnetization value of 32.20 emu/g. The mean hydrodynamic diameter of the suspension remained unchanged after two months which indicated no formation of aggregation. The hydrodynamic diameters recorded were 45.1 nm and 48.4 nm, respectively. Additionally, lack of sedimentation indicated that the suspension was stable. The suspension’s zeta potential values were 41.5 mV and 40.4 mV for as synthesized and after two month of storage respectively.

Ionic Liquids (ILs) based on 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMI.NTf2) and ILs based on choline chloride (ChCl) under acidic condition was used as catalysts for esterification reaction between alcohol with fatty acid. Combination various acid namely sulphuric acid, perchloric acid, p-toulene sulphonic and various chloride salts such as ZnCl2, SnCl2and FeCl3with ionic liquids BM.NTf2and choline chloride gave acidic ILs. These acidic ILs were tested as catalysts for esterification reaction. Esterification of alcohol (methanol) with fatty acid (lauric acid) using BMI.NTf2ILs combination with H2SO4gave high activity (100 %) and selectivity (100 %) was observed over a period of 2 hours reaction with reaction temperature 70 °C. The ester was easily separated due to ILs form as biphasic with product after reaction where is ester accumulates as the upper phase and ILs with water that produce after reaction at below phase. These ILs were characterized using FTIR and NMR. From FTIR result no significant difference between ILs with combination ILs in acidic condition. The advantages of ILs as catalyst are “clean process” and “green chemistry” due to its behaviour such as non-volatile, no loss of solvent through evaporation and reduced environmentally impact. This ILs-catalyst system can be recycle for futher reaction.

Transverse rumble strips (TRS) are widely used by local authority in Malaysia to reduce vehicle speed and alert drivers to any changes on the road. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anticipated community reaction due to the external noise produced by the TRS. The evaluations were carried out through the noise levels measurement, calculation of the TNI and anticipated community response analysis. Measurements of noise level were taken at two locations of a rural roadway that have received complaints from the public i.e Kampung Pengkalan Raja (KPR) and Kilometer 52 (KM52) of Johor Bahru-Pontian federal road, in Pontian District, Johor. Results showed that TRS can increase the level of traffic noise, TNI values, and annoyance response in community. TNI values of 126dB(A) and 119dB(A) for KPR and KM52, respectively were exceeded suggested level of TNI for planning purpose of 74 dB (A) for 3% annoyance from the social surveys. Anticipated annoyance response analysis also indicated that resident in both locations received strong to very strong impact that can lead to vigorous community reaction and this was in agreement with the real reaction from the community.

Polyethylene (PE) film coated with polyurethane/nanosilica composite with varying composition were prepared and then exposed to ultraviolet radiation for accelerated weathering studies. The chemical and physical changes on nanocomposite coated PE film induced by UV exposure were studied by monitoring the changes in tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation, carbonyl index, and visible light transmission. The effect of polyurethane/nanosilica composite coating on the durability and optical properties of polyethylene substrate was determined after 200 hrs and 500 hrs of ultraviolet exposure. There is no significant change was observed on visible light transmission for nanocomposite coated PE film after 500 hrs UV weathering. The mechanical properties of coated and uncoated PE were tremendously affected by UV exposure. PE coated with 4 µm of nanocomposite containing 6 wt% nanosilica showed less tensile properties deterioration compared to uncoated PE film after UV weathering. The surface protective coating of polyurethane/nanosilica composite with 6 wt% nanosilica content reduced the photodegradation rate of PE due to its excellent thermal stability compared to PE.

Nanoparticles such as cadmium selenide (CdSe) have unique optical properties in term of band gap. These properties can be adjusted by controlling the size of nanoparticles. In this research we have synthesized different sizes of CdSe nanoparticles by controlling the reaction temperatures at 260 oC and 300 oC using a hot injection method. The as-synthesized CdSe nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscope. From the UV-visible absorption spectra, the absorption peak of CdSe nanoparticles synthesis at growth temperature of 260 oC was 521 nm with estimated particle diameter of 2.57 nm, and for 300 oC the absorption peak was at 601 nm with estimated particle diameter of 4.63 nm. This indicates that the size of CdSe nanoparticles can be controlled by controlling the reaction temperature.

Two different methods were utilized to synthesize intermetallic nickel aluminide alloy. The first method was combination of powder metallurgy and reaction synthesis (IMC_RS) and the second method was plasma melting to form homogenous plasma melted samples (IMC_PM). XRD patterns for both samples showed complete formation of single phase Ni3Al. Saturation magnetization value for IMC_RS was 0.445 emu/g and IMC_PM was 0.157 emu/g. This was comparable with Ms value of commercial Ni3Al from Alfa Aeser (0.398 emu/g). The reduced elastic modulus, Er value of IMC_PM and IMC_RS were 441.09 MPa. 408.2 MPa respectively. Both samples were exposed to 1%SO2/air gas mixture at 1000oC for 24-hour duration. The isothermal kinetic results for both samples were parabolic indicating rate limiting step. The oxide scales consisted of NiO, NiAl2O4 and Al2O3.

Nickel-iron-silicon nitride nanocomposite thin films were prepared by electrodeposition technique. The deposition was performed at current density of 11.5 A dm-2. Nano-size silicon nitride was mixed in the electrolyte bath as dispersed phase. The effects of silicon nitride nanoparticulates in the nickel-iron nanocomposite thin films were investigated in relation to the amount of silicon nitride in the plating bath. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the deposited nickel iron film has face-centered cubic structure (FCC). However, a mixture of body-centered cubic (BCC) and face-centered cubic (FCC) phases were observed for nickel iron-silicon nitride nanocomposite films. The crystallite size of Ni-Fe nanocomposite coating decreased with increasing amount of silicon nitride in the film. From elemental mapping procedure, Si3N4 nanopaticles were uniformly distributed in the Ni-Fe film. The presence of silicon nitride increased the hardness of the film. The microhardness of the nickel-iron nanocomposite increased from 495 HV for nickel-iron film to 846 HV for nickel-iron nanocomposite film with 2 at. % Si. The coercivity of Ni-Fe nanaocomposite films increases with decreasing crystallite size.

MnxZn1-xFe2O4 nanoparticles with x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 1.0 were synthesized by polymer matrix templated synthesis. Ion exchange resins in a form of spherical beads that contained nanopores were used to precipitate the nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using several characterization techniques including X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy and alternating gradient magnetometry. XRD patterns showed that only manganese zinc ferrite nanoparticles were formed. Calculation of crystallite size from x-ray peak broadening showed that the crystallite sizes were within the range 5-11 nm. The crystallite size increased with increasing Mn concentration. TEM images showed that the particles were almost spherical with diameters ranging from 8-19 nm. Magnetization curves passed through the origin and showed no hysteresis indicated that the particles are superparamagnetic. The magnetization value at 10kOe applied magnetic field increased with increasing particle size which was mainly due to the effect of manganese content of the nanoparticles.

Polyethylene (PE) film was coated with nanosilica-polyurethane layer using rod Mayer process. The nanosilica-polyurethane system was prepared by dispersing nanosilica (SiO2) powder into solvent borne polyurethane (PU) binder under vigorous stirring. Various compositions of nanosilica-polyurethane slurry were prepared. A battery of characterization procedures were used to study the properties of the nanocomposite coating. ATR FTIR confirmed the presence of functional groups of silica and polyurethane. The uniformity of silica dispersion was probed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). With the introduction of nanosilica to polyurethane binder, the visible light transmittance and ultra-violet (UV) radiation of nanosilica-polyurethane system reduced with increasing nanosilica content and coating layer thickness. The PE coated with nanocomposite containing 14wt% nanosilica and with 8 µm coating thickness showed >88% transmittance in the visible light region. Infrared (IR) effectiveness (between 7 μm to 13 μm wavelengths) measurements by FTIR also showed that nanosilica/polyurethane system coating on PE film surface greatly improved the infrared opacity properties of PE film.

Fe/Pt bimetallic nanoparticles at various molar ratios have been prepared by simultaneous reduction of FeCl2 and H2PtCl6 with hydrazine hydrate in water/Triton X- 100/cyclohexane/pentanol microemulsions at room temperature. The size, structure, composition and the magnetic properties of the resultant nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, EDX, TEM and AGM. XRD patterns indicated the formation of face centered cubic FePt nanoparticles with crystallite size in the range of 4 nm to 8 nm. Higher content of iron resulted in larger FePt nanoparticles. EDX analyses on the samples confirmed the presence of Fe and Pt elements in the particle. The composition for each particle was roughly consistent with the Fe2+ to Pt 4+ ratio of initial solution. TEM micrograph showed homogeneous fine spherical particles. The physical sizes were similar to the crystallite sizes of FePt nanoparticles calculated from XRD. The Fe/Pt molar ratio of 1 to 1 showed optimum magnetic properties with coercivity (Hc) of 68.67 Oe .