Search

The gut microbiome has emerged as a potential target for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) after myocardial infarction is a serious complication and whether certain gut bacteria can serve as a treatment option remains unclear. Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) is a well‐studied probiotic that can colonize mammals including humans with known cholesterol‐lowering properties and anti‐inflammatory effects. Here, the prophylactic cardioprotective effects of L. reuteri or its metabolite γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) against acute ischemic cardiac injury caused by I/R surgery are demonstrated. The prophylactic gavage of L. reuteri or GABA confers cardioprotection mainly by suppressing cardiac inflammation upon I/R. Mechanistically, GABA gavage results in a decreased number of proinflammatory macrophages in I/R hearts and GABA gavage no longer confers any cardioprotection in I/R hearts upon the clearance of macrophages. In vitro studies with LPS‐stimulated bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDM) further reveal that GABA inhibits the polarization of macrophages toward the proinflammatory M1 phenotype by inhibiting lysosomal leakage and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Together, this study demonstrates that the prophylactic oral administration of L. reuteri or its metabolite GABA attenuates macrophage‐mediated cardiac inflammation and therefore alleviates cardiac dysfunction after I/R, thus providing a new prophylactic strategy to mitigate acute ischemic cardiac injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical metamaterials are known for their prominent mechanical characteristics such as programmable deformation that are due to periodic microstructures. Recent research trends have shifted to utilizing mechanical metamaterials as structural substrates to integrate with functional materials for advanced functionalities beyond mechanical, such as active sensing. This study reports on the ultra‐stretchable kirigami piezo‐metamaterials (KPM) for sensing coupled large deformations caused by in‐ and out‐of‐plane displacements using the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and barium titanate (BaTiO3) composite films. The KPM are fabricated by uniformly compounding and polarizing piezoelectric particles (i.e., PZT and BaTiO3) in silicon rubber and structured by cutting the piezoelectric rubbery films into ligaments. Characterizes the electrical properties of the KPM and investigates the bistable mechanical response under the coupled large deformations with the stretching ratio up to 200% strains. Finally, the PZT KPM sensors are integrated into wireless sensing systems for the detection of vehicle tire bulge, and the non‐toxic BaTiO3 KPM are applied for human posture monitoring. The reported kirigami piezo‐metamaterials open an exciting venue for the control and manipulation of mechanically functional metamaterials for active sensing under complex deformation scenarios in many applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc borates have merits of low voltage polarization and suitable redox potential, but usually suffer from low rate capability and poor cycling life, as an emerging anode candidate for Na+ storage. Here, a new intercalator‐guided synthesis strategy is reported to simultaneously improve rate capability and stabilize cycling life of N, B co‐doped carbon/zinc borates (CBZG). The strategy relies on a uniform dispersion of precursors and simultaneously stimulated combustion activation and solid‐state reactions capable of scalable preparation. The Na+ storage mechanism of CBZG is studied: 1) ex situ XRD and XPS demonstrate two‐step reaction sequence of Na+ storage: Zn6O(OH)(BO3)3+Na++e−↔3ZnO+Zn3B2O6+NaBO2+0.5H2 ①, Zn3B2O6+6Na++6e−↔3Zn+3Na2O+B2O3 ②; reaction ① is irreversible in ether‐based electrolyte while reversible in ester‐based electrolyte. 2) Electrochemical kinetics reveal that ether‐based electrolyte possesses faster Na+ storage than ester‐based electrolyte. The composite demonstrates an excellent capacity of 437.4 mAh g−1 in a half‐cell, together with application potential in full cells (discharge capacity of 440.1 mAh g−1 and stable cycle performance of 2000 cycles at 5 A g−1). These studies will undoubtedly provide an avenue for developing novel synthetic methods of carbon‐based borates and give new insights into the mechanism of Na+ storage in ether‐based electrolyte for the desirable sodium storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the characteristics of low driving voltage, light weight, and flexibility, ionic polymer‐metal composites (IPMCs) have attracted much attention as excellent candidates for artificial muscle materials in the fields of biomedical devices, flexible robots, and microelectromechanical systems. Under small voltage excitation, ions inside the IPMC proton exchange membrane migrate directionally, leading to differences in the expansion rate of the cathode and the anode, which in turn deform. This behavior is caused by the synergistic action of a three‐layer structure consisting of an external electrode layer and an internal proton exchange membrane, but the electrode layer is more dominant in this process due to the migration and storage of ions. The exploration of modifications and alternatives for proton exchange membranes and recent advances in the fabrication and characterization of conductive materials, especially carbon‐based materials and conductive polymers, have contributed significantly to the development of IPMCs. This paper reviews the progress in the application of proton exchange membranes and electrode materials for IPMCs, discusses various processes currently applied to IPMCs preparation, and introduces various promising applications of cutting‐edge IPMCs with high performance to provide new ideas and approaches for the research of new generation of low‐voltage ionic soft actuators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

T cell dysfunction‐induced tumor immune escape is particularly severe in glioblastoma (GBM), and significantly affects the efficacy of immunotherapy. It is crucial to innovatively reverse the T cell dysfunction for improving GBM immunotherapy. Herein, T cell dysfunction is remarkably reversed and immunotherapy of GBM is boosted by repurposing the U. S. Food and Drug Administration‐approved antidepressant paroxetine (PX) with biomimetic nanoparticles (CS‐J@CM/6 NPs). The PX is successfully applied to abrogate T cell sequestration in the bone marrow of GBM‐bearing mice and increase their infiltration in tumor. The biomimetic NPs are composed of ultrasmall Cu2−xSe NPs, JQ1, and tumor cell membrane modified with CD6, and are efficiently delivered into tumor through the specific interactions between CD6 and activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule. They ameliorate the T cell dysfunction through the double roles of loaded JQ1, which simultaneously decreases the expression of PD‐1 and TIM‐3 on T cells, and the expression of PD‐L1 on tumor cells. The NP also induces the immunogenic cell death of tumor cells to activate immune response. The synergistic roles of PX and biomimetic CS‐J@CM/6 NPs notably enhance the survival of GBM‐bearing mice. This work provides new insights into tumor immunotherapy by repurposing "old drugs" with advanced NPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an article published in Advanced Science, researchers Jun Wang, Moshi Song, and their team discuss the potential benefits of prophylactic supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri or its metabolite GABA in protecting against acute ischemic cardiac injury. The study suggests that oral administration of these substances can help reduce macrophage-mediated cardiac inflammation, thereby offering protection against cardiac injury. The cover image of the article depicts the Chinese Mythology, "Journey to the West: The Mountain of Flames," with the monkey king representing the circulating system, somersault clouds symbolizing the intestine containing Lactobacillus reuteri, and a palm-leaf fan representing GABA to extinguish the fires of macrophage-mediated inflammation on the Mountain of Flames, which represents the injured heart. [Extracted from the article]

Here, a sol‐gel method is used to prepare a Prussian blue analogue (NiFe‐PBA) precursor with a 2D network, which is further annealed to an Fe3O4/NiCx composite (NiFe‐PBA‐gel‐cal), inheriting the ultrahigh specific surface area of the parent structure. When the composite is used as both anode and cathode catalyst for overall water splitting, it requires low voltages of 1.57 and 1.66 V to provide a current density of 100 mA cm−2 in alkaline freshwater and simulated seawater, respectively, exhibiting no obvious attenuation over a 50 h test. Operando Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate that NiOOH2–x active species containing high‐valence Ni3+/Ni4+ are in situ generated from NiCx during the water oxidation. Density functional theory calculations combined with ligand field theory reveal that the role of high valence states of Ni is to trigger the production of localized O 2p electron holes, acting as electrophilic centers for the activation of redox reactions for oxygen evolution reaction. After hydrogen evolution reaction, a series of ex situ and in situ investigations indicate the reduction from Fe3+ to Fe2+ and the evolution of Ni(OH)2 are the origin of the high activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Ultra‐Stretchable Kirigami Piezo‐Metamaterials" discusses the development of kirigami piezo‐metamaterial (KPM) sensors that can monitor large deformations caused by in‐ and out‐of‐plane strains. These sensors have a stretching ratio of up to 200% strains and have been integrated into wireless sensing systems for detecting vehicle tire bulge and human posture. The authors highlight the potential of KPM sensors in controlling and manipulating mechanically functional metamaterials for active sensing in various applications. [Extracted from the article]

Mitochondrial dysfunction of neurons is the core pathogenesis of incurable Parkinson's disease (PD). It is crucial to ameliorate the mitochondrial dysfunction of neurons for boosting the therapy of PD. Herein, the remarkable promotion of mitochondrial biogenesis to ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction of neurons and improve the treatment of PD by using mitochondria‐targeted biomimetic nanoparticles, which are Cu2‐xSe‐based nanoparticles functionalized with curcumin and wrapped with DSPE‐PEG2000‐TPP‐modified macrophage membrane (denoted as CSCCT NPs), is reported. These nanoparticles can efficiently target mitochondria of damaged neurons in an inflammatory environment, and mediate the signaling pathway of NAD+/SIRT1/PGC‐1α/PPARγ/NRF1/TFAM to alleviate 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP+)‐induced neuronal toxicity. They can reduce the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, restore mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), protect the integrity of mitochondrial respiratory chain, and ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction via promoting mitochondrial biogenesis, which synergistically improve the motor disorders and anxiety behavior of 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐induced PD mice. This study demonstrates that targeting mitochondrial biogenesis to ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction has a great potential in the treatment of PD and mitochondria‐related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fine constructing the chemical environment of the central metal is vital in developing efficient single-atom catalysts (SACs). Herein, the atomically dispersed Cu on the N-doped carbon is modulated by introducing Cu-P moiety to Cu-N-C SAC. Through fine-tuning with another heteroatom P, the Cu SAC shows the superior performance of ethylene oxychlorination. The Cu site activity of Cu-NPC is four times higher than the P-free Cu-NC catalyst and 25 times higher than the Ce-promoted CuCl2/Al2O3 catalyst in the long-term test (>200 h). The selectivity of ethylene dichloride can be splendidly kept at ≈99%. Combined experimental and simulation studies provide a theoretical framework for the coordination of Cu, N, and P in the complex active center and its role in effectively catalyzing ethylene oxychlorination. It integrates the oxidation and chlorination reactions with superior catalytic performance and unrivaled ability of corrosive-HCl resistance. The concept of fine constructing with another heteroatom is anticipated to provide with inspiration for rational catalyst design and expand the applications of carbon-based SACs in heterogeneous catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alleviating the decomposition of the electrolyte is of great significance to improving the cycle stability of cathodes, especially for LiCoO2 (LCO), its volumetric energy density can be effectively promoted by increasing the charge cutoff voltage to 4.6 V, thereby supporting the large‐scale application of clean energy. However, the rapid decomposition of the electrolyte under 4.6 V conditions not only loses the transport carrier for lithium ion, but also produces HF and insulators that destroy the interface of LCO and increase impedance. In this work, the decomposition of electrolyte is effectively suppressed by changing the adsorption force between LCO interface and EC. Density functional theory illustrates the LCO coated with lower electronegativity elements has a weaker adsorption force with the electrolyte, the adsorption energy between LCO@Mg and EC (0.49 eV) is weaker than that of LCO@Ti (0.73 eV). Meanwhile, based on the results of time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, conductivity‐atomic force microscopy, in situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry, soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance, as the adsorption force increases, the electrolyte decomposes more seriously. This work provides a new perspective on the interaction between electrolyte and the interface of cathode and further improves the understanding of electrolyte decomposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2D semiconductors are an ideal platform for exploration of bosonic fluids composed of coupled photons and collective excitations of atoms or excitons, primarily due to large excitonic binding energies and strong light‐matter interaction. Based on first‐principles calculations, it is demonstrated that the phonon polaritons formed by two infrared‐active phonon modes in monolayer MoSi2N4 and WSi2N4 possess ultra‐high confinement factors of around ≈105 and 103, surpassing those of conventional polaritonic thin‐film materials by two orders of magnitude. It is observed that the first bright exciton possesses a substantial binding energies of 750 and 740 meV in these two monolayers, with the radiative recombination lifetimes as long as 25 and 188 ns, and the Rabi splitting of the formed cavity‐exciton polaritons reaching 373 and 321 meV, respectively. The effective masses of the cavity exciton polaritons are approximately 10−5me, providing the potential for high‐temperature quantum condensation. The ultra‐confined and ultra‐low‐loss phonon polaritons, as well as strongly‐coupled cavity exciton polaritons with ultra‐small polaritonic effective masses in these two monolayers, offering the flexible control of light at the nanoscale, probably leading to practical applications in nanophotonics, meta‐optics, and quantum materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXene‐based thermal camouflage materials have gained increasing attention due to their low emissivity, however, the poor anti‐oxidation restricts their potential applications under complex environments. Various modification methods and strategies, e.g., the addition of antioxidant molecules and fillers have been developed to overcome this, but the realization of long‐term, reliable thermal camouflage using MXene network (coating) with excellent comprehensive performance remains a great challenge. Here, a MXene‐based hybrid network comodified with hyaluronic acid (HA) and hyperbranched polysiloxane (HSi) molecules is designed and fabricated. Notably, the presence of appreciated HA molecules restricts the oxidation of MXene sheets without altering infrared stealth performance, superior to other water‐soluble polymers; while the HSi molecules can act as efficient cross‐linking agents to generate strong interactions between MXene sheets and HA molecules. The optimized MXene/HA/HSi composites exhibit excellent mechanical flexibility (folded into crane structure), good water/solvent resistance, and long‐term stable thermal camouflage capability (with low infrared emissivity of ≈0.29). The long‐term thermal camouflage reliability (≈8 months) under various outdoor weathers and the scalable coating capability of the MXene‐coated textile enable them to disguise the IR signal of various targets in complex environments, indicating the great promise of achieved material for thermal camouflage, IR stealth, and counter surveillance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic metal halide perovskite CsPbX3 (X = I, Br, and Cl) nanocrystals (NCs) are rapidly developed due to their excellent photophysical properties and potential applications in lighting, lasers, and scintillators. However, the materials for growing perovskite NCs are insoluble or hydrolyzed in most green solvents, limiting their further development. Based on rational chemical analysis, an alkali‐metal–assisted green‐solvent synthesis method for in situ growth of CsPbBr3 NCs within SAPO‐34 zeolite with bright luminescence is developed. Water is the only solvent used in the whole process. Surprisingly, by the synergistic effect of the channel structure of SAPO‐34 and alkali‐metal ions crystallization regulation, the CsPbBr3 NCs embedded in SAPO‐34 assisted by Na+ emit bright blue light under ultraviolet illumination, with a 30 nm blue shift comparing to the CsPbBr3 NCs assisted by K+. Moreover, CsPbBr3 NCs can also be grown in mesoporous SiO2 SBA‐15 and zeolites including ZSM‐5, AlPO‐5, and SOD, indicating that the method is universal for in situ growth of luminescent perovskite NCs in porous materials. This alkali‐metal–assisted green‐solvent synthesis provides a new strategy for developing high‐quantum–yield, tunable‐emission, and stable perovskite luminescent materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitochondrial dysfunction alters cellular metabolism, increases tissue oxidative stress, and may be principal to the dysregulated signaling and function of CD4+ T lymphocytes in the elderly. In this proof of principle study, it is investigated whether the transfer of functional mitochondria into CD4+ T cells that are isolated from old mice (aged CD4+ T cells), can abrogate aging‐associated mitochondrial dysfunction, and improve the aged CD4+ T cell functionality. The results show that the delivery of exogenous mitochondria to aged non‐activated CD4+ T cells led to significant mitochondrial proteome alterations highlighted by improved aerobic metabolism and decreased cellular mitoROS. Additionally, mito‐transferred aged CD4+ T cells showed improvements in activation‐induced TCR‐signaling kinetics displaying markers of activation (CD25), increased IL‐2 production, enhanced proliferation ex vivo. Importantly, immune deficient mouse models (RAG‐KO) showed that adoptive transfer of mito‐transferred naive aged CD4+ T cells, protected recipient mice from influenza A and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. These findings support mitochondria as targets of therapeutic intervention in aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic disease that increases the risk of developing colorectal cancer. Conventional medications are limited by drug delivery and a weak capacity to modulate the inflammatory microenvironment. Further, gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by mucosal damage and dysregulated redox homeostasis leads to frequent recurrence. Therefore, promoting mucosal healing and restoring redox homeostasis is considered the initial step in treating ulcerative colitis. Plasma‐activated solutions (PAS) are liquids rich in various reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and are used to treat multiple diseases. However, its effect on ulcerative colitis remains to be examined. Therefore, using a DSS‐induced mice colitis model, it is found that PAS has the potential to treat colitis and prevent its recurrence by promoting intestinal mucosal repair, reducing inflammation, improving redox homeostasis, and reversing gut microbiota dysbiosis. Further, an equipment is designed for preparing PAS without using nitrogen; however, after treatment with the Nitro‐free PAS, the therapeutic effect of PAS is significantly weakened or even lost, indicating that RNS may be the main mediator by which PAS exerts its therapeutic effects. Overall, this study demonstrates the treatment of ulcerative colitis as a novel application of PAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of metasurfaces and optical waveguides is gradually attracting the attention of researchers because it allows for more efficient manipulation and guidance of light. However, most of the existing studies focus on passive devices, which lack dynamic modulation. This work utilizes the meta‐waveguides with liquid crystal(LC) to modulate the on‐chip spectrum, which is the first experimentally verified, to the authors' knowledge. By applying a voltage, the refractive index of the liquid crystal surrounding the meta‐waveguides can be tuned, resulting in a blue shift of the spectrum. The simulation shows that the 18.4 dB switching ratio can be achieved at 1550 nm. The meta‐waveguides are prepared using electron beam lithography (EBL), and the improved transmittance of the spectrum in the short wavelength is experimentally verified, which is consistent with the simulation trend. At 1551.64 nm wavelength, the device achieves a switching ratio of ≈16 dB with an active area of 8 µm × 0.4 µm. Based on this device, an optoelectronic computing architecture for the Hadamard matrix product and a novel wavelength selection switch are proposed. This work offers a promising avenue for on‐chip dynamic modulation in integrated photonics, which has the advantage of a compact active area, fast response time, and low energy consumption compared to conventional thermal‐light modulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infectious diabetic ulcers (IDU) require anti‐infection, angiogenesis, and nerve regeneration therapy; however, the latter has received comparatively less research attention than the former two. In particular, there have been few reports on the recovery of mechanical nociception. In this study, a photothermal controlled‐release immunomodulatory hydrogel nanoplatform is tailored for the treatment of IDU. Due to a thermal‐sensitive interaction between polydopamine‐reduced graphene oxide (pGO) and the antibiotic mupirocin, excellent antibacterial efficacy is achieved through customized release kinetics. In addition, Trem2+ macrophages recruited by pGO regulate collagen remodeling and restore skin adnexal structures to alter the fate of scar formation, promote angiogenesis, accompanied by the regeneration of neural networks, which ensures the recovery of mechanical nociception and may prevent the recurrence of IDU at the source. In all, a full‐stage strategy from antibacterial, immune regulation, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis to the recovery of mechanical nociception, an indispensable neural function of skin, is introduced to IDU treatment, which opens up an effective and comprehensive therapy for refractory IDU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A continuous risk from microbial infections poses a major environmental and public health challenge. As an emerging strategy for inhibiting bacterial infections, plasma‐activated water (PAW) has proved to be highly effective, environmental‐friendly, and non‐drug resistant to a broad range of microorganisms. However, the relatively short lifetime of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and the high spreadability of liquid PAW inevitably limit its real‐life applications. In this study, plasma‐activated hydrogel (PAH) is developed to act as reactive species carrier that allow good storage and controlled slow‐release of RONS to achieve long‐term antibacterial effects. Three hydrogel materials, including hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), carbomer 940 (Carbomer), and acryloyldimethylammonium taurate/VP copolymer (AVC) are selected, and their antibacterial performances under different plasma activation conditions are investigated. It is shown that the composition of the gels plays the key role in determining their biochemical functions after the plasma activation. The antimicrobial performance of AVC is much better than that of PAW and the other two hydrogels, along with the excellent stability to maintain the antimicrobial activity for more than 14 days. The revealed mechanism of the antibacterial ability of the PAH identifies the unique combination of short‐lived species (1O2, ∙OH, ONOO− and O2−) stored in hydrogels. Overall, this study demonstrates the efficacy and reveals the mechanisms of the PAH as an effective and long‐term disinfectant capable of delivering and preserving antibacterial chemistries for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epitaxial heterostructures of colloidal lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) with other semiconductors, especially the technologically important metal chalcogenides, can offer an unprecedented level of control in wavefunction design and exciton/charge carrier engineering. These NC heterostructures are ideal material platforms for efficient optoelectronics and other applications. Existing methods, however, can only yield heterostructures with random connections and distributions of the two components. The lack of epitaxial relation and uniform geometry hinders the structure–function correlation and impedes the electronic coupling at the heterointerface. This work reports the synthesis of uniform, epitaxially grown CsPbBr3/CdS Janus NC heterostructures with ultrafast charge separation across the electronically coupled interface. Each Janus NC contains a CdS domain that grows exclusively on a single {220} facet of CsPbBr3 NCs. Varying reaction parameters allows for precise control in the sizes of each domain and readily modulates the optical properties of Janus NCs. Transient absorption measurements and modeling results reveal a type II band alignment, where photoexcited electrons rapidly transfer (within ≈9 picoseconds) from CsPbBr3 to CdS. The promoted charge separation and extraction in epitaxial Janus NCs leads to photoconductors with drastically improved (approximately three orders of magnitude) responsivity and detectivity, which is promising for ultrasensitive photodetection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are potent agents for recognizing and eliminating tumors, and have achieved remarkable success in the treatment of patients with refractory leukemia and lymphoma. However, dysfunction of T cells, including exhaustion, is an inevitable obstacle for persistent curative effects. Here, the authors initially found that calcium signaling is hyperactivated via sustained tonic signaling in CAR‐T cells. Next, it is revealed that the store‐operated calcium entry (SOCE) inhibitor BTP‐2, but not the calcium chelator BAPTA‐AM, markedly diminishes CAR‐T cell exhaustion and terminal differentiation of CAR‐T cells in both tonic signaling and tumor antigen exposure models. Furthermore, BTP‐2 pretreated CAR‐T cells show improved antitumor potency and prolonged survival in vivo. Mechanistically, transcriptome and metabolite analyses reveal that treatment with BTP‐2 significantly downregulate SOCE‐calcineurin‐nuclear factor of activated T‐cells (NFAT) and glycolysis pathways. Together, the results indicate that modulating the SOCE‐calcineurin‐NFAT pathway in CAR‐T cells renders them resistant to exhaustion, thereby yielding CAR products with enhanced antitumor potency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring lead‐free candidates and improving efficiency and stability remain the obstacle of hybrid organic‐inorganic perovskite‐based devices commercialization. Traditional trial‐and‐error methods seriously restrict the discovery especially for large search space, complex crystal structure and multi‐objective properties. Here, the authors propose a multi‐step and multi‐stage screening scheme to accelerate the discovery of hybrid organic‐inorganic perovskites A2BB′X6 from a large number of candidates through combining machine learning with high‐throughput calculations for pursuing excellent efficiency and thermal stability in solar cells. Followed by a series of screenings, the structure‐property relationships mapping A2BB′X6 properties are built and the predictions are close to reported experimental results. Successfully, four experimental‐feasibly candidates with good stability, high Debye temperature and suitable band gap are screened out and further verified by density‐functional theory calculations, in which the predicted efficiency for three lead‐free candidates ((CH3NH3)2AgGaBr6, (CH3NH3)2AgInBr6 and (C2NH6)2AgInBr6) achieves 20.6%, 19.9% and 27.6% due to ultrabroadband absorption region ranging from UVC to IRC with excitonic radiative combination rates as low as 10 ps, large or intermediate polarons form with properties similar to CH3NH3PbI3 and the calculated thermal conductivities are 5.04, 4.39 and 5.16 Wm−1K−1, respectively, with Debye temperatures larger than 500 K, beneficial for suppression of both nonradiative combination and heat‐induced degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring lead‐free candidates and improving efficiency and stability remain the obstacle of hybrid organic‐inorganic perovskite‐based devices commercialization. Traditional trial‐and‐error methods seriously restrict the discovery especially for large search space, complex crystal structure and multi‐objective properties. Here, the authors propose a multi‐step and multi‐stage screening scheme to accelerate the discovery of hybrid organic‐inorganic perovskites A2BB′X6 from a large number of candidates through combining machine learning with high‐throughput calculations for pursuing excellent efficiency and thermal stability in solar cells. Followed by a series of screenings, the structure‐property relationships mapping A2BB′X6 properties are built and the predictions are close to reported experimental results. Successfully, four experimental‐feasibly candidates with good stability, high Debye temperature and suitable band gap are screened out and further verified by density‐functional theory calculations, in which the predicted efficiency for three lead‐free candidates ((CH3NH3)2AgGaBr6, (CH3NH3)2AgInBr6 and (C2NH6)2AgInBr6) achieves 20.6%, 19.9% and 27.6% due to ultrabroadband absorption region ranging from UVC to IRC with excitonic radiative combination rates as low as 10 ps, large or intermediate polarons form with properties similar to CH3NH3PbI3 and the calculated thermal conductivities are 5.04, 4.39 and 5.16 Wm−1K−1, respectively, with Debye temperatures larger than 500 K, beneficial for suppression of both nonradiative combination and heat‐induced degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring lead‐free candidates and improving efficiency and stability remain the obstacle of hybrid organic‐inorganic perovskite‐based devices commercialization. Traditional trial‐and‐error methods seriously restrict the discovery especially for large search space, complex crystal structure and multi‐objective properties. Here, the authors propose a multi‐step and multi‐stage screening scheme to accelerate the discovery of hybrid organic‐inorganic perovskites A2BB′X6 from a large number of candidates through combining machine learning with high‐throughput calculations for pursuing excellent efficiency and thermal stability in solar cells. Followed by a series of screenings, the structure‐property relationships mapping A2BB′X6 properties are built and the predictions are close to reported experimental results. Successfully, four experimental‐feasibly candidates with good stability, high Debye temperature and suitable band gap are screened out and further verified by density‐functional theory calculations, in which the predicted efficiency for three lead‐free candidates ((CH3NH3)2AgGaBr6, (CH3NH3)2AgInBr6 and (C2NH6)2AgInBr6) achieves 20.6%, 19.9% and 27.6% due to ultrabroadband absorption region ranging from UVC to IRC with excitonic radiative combination rates as low as 10 ps, large or intermediate polarons form with properties similar to CH3NH3PbI3 and the calculated thermal conductivities are 5.04, 4.39 and 5.16 Wm−1K−1, respectively, with Debye temperatures larger than 500 K, beneficial for suppression of both nonradiative combination and heat‐induced degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineered cartilage derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) always fails to maintain the cartilaginous phenotype in the subcutaneous environment due to the ossification tendency. Vascular invasion is a prerequisite for endochondral ossification during the development of long bone. As an oral antitumor medicine, Inlyta (axitinib) possesses pronounced antiangiogenic activity, owing to the inactivation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway. In this study, axitinib‐loaded poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)/collagen nanofibrous membranes are fabricated by electrospinning for the first time. Rabbit‐derived MSCs‐engineered cartilage is encapsulated in the axitinib‐loaded nanofibrous membrane and subcutaneously implanted into nude mice. The sustained and localized release of axitinib successfully inhibits vascular invasion, stabilizes cartilaginous phenotype, and helps cartilage maturation. RNA sequence further reveals that axitinib creates an avascular, hypoxic, and low immune response niche. Timp1 is remarkably upregulated in this niche, which probably plays a functional role in inhibiting the activity of matrix metalloproteinases and stabilizing the engineered cartilage. This study provides a novel strategy for stable subcutaneous chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stromal cells, which is also suitable for other medical applications, such as arthritis treatment, local treatment of tumors, and regeneration of other avascular tissues (cornea and tendon). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Next‐generation inter‐chip communication requires ultrafast ultra‐compact interconnects. Designer plasmonics offers a possible route towards this goal. Further development of the plasmonic technique to circuit applications requires the direct amplification of plasmonic signals on a compact platform. However, significant signal distortions and limited operational speeds prevent the application of traditional MOS‐based amplifiers to plasmonics. Up to day, the amplification of surface plasmons without phase distortion has remained a scientific challenge. In this work, the concept of parametric amplification (PA) is transplanted to the plasmonics and is realized experimentally an ultrathin reconfigurable PA using a spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) waveguide integrated with tunable and nonlinear varactors. The measured parametric gain in the experiment can reach up to 9.14 dB within a short nonlinear propagation length, for example, six SSPP wavelengths, in excellent agreement with the theoretical prediction. By tuning the bias voltage of varactors, the phase‐matching condition can be precisely controlled over a broad frequency band, enabling the authors to realize the multi‐frequency PA of plasmonic signals. Measured phase responses confirm that the plasmonic parametric amplifier can significantly suppress the signal distortions as compared with the traditional MOS‐based amplifier, which is a property highly desired for ultrafast wireless communication systems and integrated circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All‐inorganic perovskite quantum dots (QDs) CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) have recently emerged as a new promising class of X‐ray scintillators. However, the instability of perovskite QDs and the strong optical scattering of the thick opaque QD scintillator film imped it to realize high‐quality and robust X‐ray image. Herein, the europium (Eu) doped CsPbBr3 QDs are in situ grown inside transparent amorphous matrix to form glass‐ceramic (GC) scintillator with glass phase serving as both matrix and encapsulation for the perovskite QD scintillators. The small amount of Eu dopant optimizes the crystallization of CsPbBr3 QDs and makes their distribution more uniform in the glass matrix, which can significantly reduce the light scattering and also enhance the photoluminescence emission of CsPbBr3 QDs. As a result, a remarkably high spatial resolution of 15.0 lp mm−1 is realized thanks to the reduced light scattering, which is so far a record resolution for perovskite scintillator based X‐ray imaging, and the scintillation stability is also significantly improved compared to the bare perovskite QD scintillators. Those results provide an effective platform particularly for the emerging perovskite nanocrystal scintillators to reduce light scattering and improve radiation hardness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]