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6. Recent Progress in Atmospheric Chemistry Research in China: Establishing a Theoretical Framework for the “Air Pollution Complex”

Author

Zhu, Tong, Tang, Mingjin, Gao, Meng, Bi, Xinhui, Cao, Junji, Che, Huizheng, Chen, Jianmin, Ding, Aijun, Fu, Pingqing, Gao, Jian, Gao, Yang, Ge, Maofa, Ge, Xinlei, Han, Zhiwei, He, Hong, Huang, Ru-Jin, Huang, Xin, Liao, Hong, Liu, Cheng, Liu, Huan, Liu, Jianguo, Liu, Shaw Chen, Lu, Keding, Ma, Qingxin, Nie, Wei, Shao, Min, Song, Yu, Sun, Yele, Tang, Xiao, Wang, Tao, Wang, Tijian, Wang, Weigang, Wang, Xuemei, Wang, Zifa, Yin, Yan, Zhang, Qiang, Zhang, Weijun, Zhang, Yanlin, Zhang, Yunhong, Zhao, Yu, Zheng, Mei, Zhu, Bin, and Zhu, Jiang

Published
2023
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18. A New Index Developed for Fast Diagnosis of Meteorological Roles in Ground-Level Ozone Variations

Author

Weihua, Chen, Weiwen, Wang, Shiguo, Jia, Jingying, Mao, Fenghua, Yan, Lianming, Zheng, Yongkang, Wu, Xingteng, Zhang, Yutong, Dong, Lingbin, Kong, Buqing, Zhong, Ming, Chang, Min, Shao, and Xuemei, Wang

Subjects
Physical dispersion capacity, Original Paper, Atmospheric Science, Photochemical reaction condition, Meteorology synthetic index, Ground-level ozone
Abstract

China experienced worsening ground-level ozone (O3) pollution from 2013 to 2019. In this study, meteorological parameters, including surface temperature (T2), solar radiation (SW), and wind speed (WS), were classified into two aspects, (1) Photochemical Reaction Condition (PRC = T2 × SW) and (2) Physical Dispersion Capacity (PDC = WS). In this way, a Meteorology Synthetic Index (MSI = PRC/PDC) was developed for the quantification of meteorology-induced ground-level O3 pollution. The positive linear relationship between the 90th percentile of MDA8 (maximum daily 8-h average) O3 concentration and MSI determined that the contribution of meteorological changes to ground-level O−3 varied on a latitudinal gradient, decreasing from ∼40% in southern China to 10%–20% in northern China. Favorable photochemical reaction conditions were more important for ground-level O3 pollution. This study proposes a universally applicable index for fast diagnosis of meteorological roles in ground-level O3 variability, which enables the assessment of the observed effects of precursor emissions reductions that can be used for designing future control policies. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s00376-021-1257-x.

Published
2022

19. Another Record: Ocean Warming Continues through 2021 despite La Niña Conditions

Author

Lijing Cheng, John Abraham, Kevin E. Trenberth, John Fasullo, Tim Boyer, Michael E. Mann, Jiang Zhu, Fan Wang, Ricardo Locarnini, Yuanlong Li, Bin Zhang, Zhetao Tan, Fujiang Yu, Liying Wan, Xingrong Chen, Xiangzhou Song, Yulong Liu, Franco Reseghetti, Simona Simoncelli, Viktor Gouretski, Gengxin Chen, Alexey Mishonov, and Jim Reagan

Subjects
ocean warming, Original Paper, Atmospheric Science, observation, La Niña, La Nina, attribution, ocean heat
Abstract

The increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere from human activities traps heat within the climate system and increases ocean heat content (OHC). Here, we provide the first analysis of recent OHC changes through 2021 from two international groups. The world ocean, in 2021, was the hottest ever recorded by humans, and the 2021 annual OHC value is even higher than last year’s record value by 14 ± 11 ZJ (1 zetta J = 1021 J) using the IAP/CAS dataset and by 16 ± 10 ZJ using NCEI/NOAA dataset. The long-term ocean warming is larger in the Atlantic and Southern Oceans than in other regions and is mainly attributed, via climate model simulations, to an increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations. The year-to-year variation of OHC is primarily tied to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In the seven maritime domains of the Indian, Tropical Atlantic, North Atlantic, Northwest Pacific, North Pacific, Southern oceans, and the Mediterranean Sea, robust warming is observed but with distinct inter-annual to decadal variability. Four out of seven domains showed record-high heat content in 2021. The anomalous global and regional ocean warming established in this study should be incorporated into climate risk assessments, adaptation, and mitigation.

Published
2022

36. The Anomalous Mei-yu Rainfall of Summer 2020 from a Circulation Clustering Perspective: Current and Possible Future Prevalence

Author

Robin T. Clark, Lixia Zhang, Peili Wu, and Chaofan Li

Subjects
Original Paper, circulation clustering, Atmospheric Science, climate projections, mei-yu front, 2020 summer rainfall, Subtropics, Surface pressure, Current (stream), Sea surface temperature, Geography, Anticyclone, Climatology, Spatial ecology, East Asia, China
Abstract

Highly unusual amounts of rainfall were seen in the 2020 summer in many parts of China, Japan, and South Korea. At the intercontinental scale, case studies have attributed this exceptional event to a displacement of the climatological western North Pacific subtropical anticyclone, potentially associated Indian Ocean sea surface temperature patterns and a mid-latitude wave train emanating from the North Atlantic. Using clusters of spatial patterns of sea level pressure, we show that an unprecedented 80% of the 2020 summer days in East Asia were dominated by clusters of surface pressure greater than normal over the South China Sea. By examining the rainfall and water vapor fluxes in other years when these clusters were also prevalent, we find that the frequency of these types of clusters was likely to have been largely responsible for the unusual rainfall of 2020. From two ensembles of future climate projections, we show that summers like 2020 in East Asia may become more frequent and considerably wetter in a warmer world with an enhanced moisture supply.2020 年夏季, 中国、 日本和韩国的诸多地区均出现了创纪录的极端强降水. 该事件的个例研究将这一特殊事件归因于西北太平洋副热带反气旋的位置移动, 可能与印度洋海表面温度异常和自北大西洋发出的中纬度波列有关. 本工作通过对东亚逐日海平面气压 (SLP) 空间场的聚类分析, 发现 2020 年夏季南海地区为正 SLP 异常的天气型出现天数达到整个夏季的 80%, 为 1979 年以来之最. 通过与其他环流型所对应的降水和水汽通量异常对比, 发现这类天气型的频繁出现很可能是造成 2020 年梅雨期降水偏多的主要原因. 该研究进一步分析了两个大样本集合气候模拟预估结果, 发现未来在全球进一步增暖、 水分供应相应增加的情景下, 像 2020 年这样的东亚夏季环流可能会出现得更加频繁, 中国降水也会更强.

Published
2021