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Surface nanobubbles (NBs) are stable gaseous phases in liquids that form at the interface with solid substrates. They have been particularly intriguing for their high stability that contradicts theoretical expectations and their potential relevance for many technological applications. Here, we present the current state of the art in this research area by discussing and contrasting main results obtained from theory, simulation and experiment, and presenting their limitations. We also provide future perspectives anticipating that this review will stimulate further studies in the research area of surface NBs. Unlabelled Image • Review on methodologies to study surface nanobubbles, main results, advantages and limitations. • Morphological characteristics of nanobubbles under different conditions. • Methods for forming surface nanobubbles beyond spontaneous formation. • Contact-line pinning, oversaturation and other reasons for nanobubbles stability. • Future perspectives include study of external fields, substrates, contaminants, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]