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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is secondary to genetic, immunological and microbiological disorders as well as epidermal barrier defects, which are the main targets of therapy. The disease proceeds with periodic exacerbations. Its development and course are influenced by numerous environmental and individual factors. In recent decades, in industrialized countries, there has been a threefold increase in the incidence of AD. There is also an increasing number of cases resistant to topical treatment. Effective treatment of AD should provide control of clinical symptoms, prevent exacerbations and improve the quality of life of patients. The multifactorial etiopathogenesis and various endotypes and phenotypes of AD justify the tendency to optimize and personalize the therapy. Currently, we recommend the use of dupilumab for the treatment of patients from 12 years of age with moderate and severe atopic dermatitis, who do not respond to topical treatment.

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic condition of complex etiology, whose clinical course involves remission and recurrence. It is not an isolated disease entity affecting only the skin, but one that co-occurs with disorders of other organs. Numerous literature reports have long confirmed the relationship between the disorder and a growing number of ophthalmic manifestations such as keratoconus and retinal detachment. Further studies are required to establish the cause of correlations and to allow for implementation of appropriate prophylaxis and treatment. The aim of the present paper is to review published literature regarding the correlation between atopic dermatitis and ophthalmic manifestations in adults and children.

The treatment goal in atopic dermatitis is eliminating clinical symptoms of the disease, preventing exacerbations and complications, as well as improving patients’ quality of life. In cases of severe atopic dermatitis and lack of response it is recommended to introduce systemic therapy. Patients ofter require multi-specialist consultations, and occasionally hospitalization. It is not recommended to use acupuncture, acupressure, bioresonance, homeopathy, or Chinese herbs in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.