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Endothelial dysfunction is a critical factor in the development of diabetes-mediated cardiovascular complications. Free fatty acids (FFA), such as palmitate, which are elevated in diabetes and obesity, have been shown to mediate endothelial dysfunction, perhaps related to oxidative stress and inflammation. Taurine ameliorates endothelial dysfunction induced by diabetes. However, there has been no reports on the effect of Loliolus beka gray meat extracts, which contain large amounts of taurine. Here, we investigated the protective effect of a hot water extract of Loliolus beka gray meat (LBM), on palmitate-induced cell damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The LBM extract was found to inhibit palmitate-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage. In addition, the LBM extract reduced the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines in HUVEC. These results suggest that the LBM extract protects against palmitate-induced cytotoxicity in HUVECs. Therefore, potential therapeutic and/or inhibitors of vascular disease may be derived from the LBM extract.

Octopus ocellatus meat (OM) is well known as a plentiful protein source. In this study, we evaluated the hepatoprotective effect of an aqueous extract of OM (OMA) against H 2 O 2 -triggered oxidative stress in human hepatocytes. First of all, taurine rich OMA showed a good ORAC value and reducing power and it was similar with that of ascorbic acid, which is known as a strong antioxidant. Also, OMA significantly improved H 2 O 2 -decreased cell viability by reducing the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hepatocytes. Interestingly, the stimulation of H 2 O 2 -induced the formations of apoptotic bodies and sub-G 1 DNA content, whereas they were inhibited by the treatment with OMA. Furthermore, OMA regulated the protein expression levels of apoptotic molecules, such as Bax and Bcl-2. Taken together, this study suggests that OMA, which contains an abundant amount of taurine, protects hepatocytes from H 2 O 2 -triggered oxidative stress and might be a functional food material with hepatoprotective effects.

Gamma ray irradiation causes immune suppression, in which oxidative stress reduces cell viability and damages immune cells. In the present study, we investigated whether Loliolus beka gray meat (LBM), which contains large amounts of taurine, protects against damage of murine splenocytes by oxidative stress. An aqueous extract of LBM (LBMW) was prepared, which contained plentiful levels of taurine. LBMW improved cell viability of gamma ray-irradiated murine splenocytes, an effect that was associated with significant reduction in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We also showed that the production of nitric oxide (NO) and ROS in gamma ray-irradiated zebrafish embryos, as well as the death of the embryos, were diminished by LBMW. These data suggest that the consumption of taurine-rich foods, such as LBM, may be used in the protection of cells against oxidative stress.

In this study, we investigated the hepatoprotective activity of the water extract derived from Octopus vulgaris meat (OM). First of all, a water extract prepared from OM (OMW) showed the high extraction yield (48.22%) and the highest taurine content (39.84%) in free amino acids. OMW exhibited the high value of reducing power, ABTS and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activities in dose-dependent manner. The taurine-rich OMW also led to the reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation with the increased cell survival in H 2 O 2 -treated Chang liver cells. In addition, OMW decreased the apoptotic phenomenon, including the formations of apoptotic bodies and sub-G 1 DNA contents by regulating the protein expressions of apoptosis-related molecules such as Bcl-2 and Bax. From these results, this study indicated the taurine-rich OMW protected hepatocytes against oxidative stress. These findings suggest that OWM may be a novel potential antioxidant resource.

Here, we investigated the hepatoprotective effect of a hot water extract from Loliolus beka gray meat (LBMH) containing plentiful taurine in H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress in hepatocytes. LBMH potently scavenged the 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and exhibited the good reducing power and the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value. Also, LBMH improved the cell viability against H 2 O 2 -induced hepatic damage in cultured hepatocytes by reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In addition, LBMH inhibited apoptosis via a reduction in sub-G 1 cell population, as well as inhibition of apoptotic body formation from H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative damage in hepatocytes. Moreover, LBMH regulated the expression levels of Bax, a pro-apoptotic molecule and Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic molecule in H 2 O 2 -treated hepatocytes. Additionally, pre-treatment with LBMH increased the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), which is a hepatoprotective enzyme, by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in H 2 O 2 -treated hepatocytes. Taken together, LBMH may be useful as a food ingredient for treatment of liver disease by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway.

In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of an aqueous extract from Batillus cornutus meat (BM) against cellular oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in human hepatocyte, Chang cells. First, we prepared an aqueous extract of BM meat (BMW) showing the highest taurine content among free amino acid contents. BMW led to high antioxidant activity showing 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, good reducing power and an oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value. Also, BMW improved cell viability that was diminished by H 2 O 2 exposure, as it reduced the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Chang cells. In addition, BMW up-regulated the production of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD), compared to H 2 O 2 -treated Chang cells lacking BMW. Moreover, BMW induced the expressions of nuclear Nrf2 and cytosolic HO-1 in H 2 O 2 -treated Chang cells. Interestingly, the treatment of ZnPP, HO-1 inhibitor, abolished the improvement in cell viability and intracellular ROS generation mediated by BMW treatment. In conclusion, this study suggests that BMW protects hepatocytes against H 2 O 2 -mediated cellular oxidative damage via up-regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway.

In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of an aqueous extract from Atrina pectinate meat (APW) against H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress in a human hepatocyte. The extraction yield of APW was 30.01 ± 0.83% and which contained the highest taurine content among free amino acid contents. APW led to the high antioxidant activity showing 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, good reducing power and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value. Also, the results showed that APW improved the cell viability decreased by H 2 O 2 stimulation as well as the reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in hepatocytes. Additionally, APW up-regulated the production of antioxidant mechanisms related enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD), compared to the only H 2 O 2 -treated hepatocytes. Moreover, APW increased the expressions of nuclear Nrf2 and cytosolic HO-1 in H 2 O 2 -treated hepatocytes. Interestingly, the treatment of ZnPP, a HO-1 inhibitor abolished the cell viability and intracellular ROS generation induced by APW treatment. In conclusion, this study suggests that APW protects H 2 O 2 induced oxidative stress via up-regulating of Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway in hepatocytes.

Batillus cornutus (B. cornutus) is one of the gastropoda, which are distributed along the coast of China, Japan and South Korea and northeast area. In this study, we first identified the antioxidant effects of a B. cornutus meat (BM) enzymatic hydrolysate in H 2 O 2 -treated Vero cells. First of all, we prepared an Alcalase hydrolysate from BM (BMA) and revealed a high taurine content. Also, taurine rich BMA dose-dependently increased 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, reducing power and the higher oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value. In addition, BMA significantly increased the cell viability via the down-regulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as the decreased formation of apoptotic bodies and sub-G 1 DNA population in H 2 O 2 -treated Vero cells. Furthermore, BMA increased the expression of the anti-apoptotic molecule, Bcl-2, and decreased the expressions of Bax, p53 and cleaved PARP, all of which are pro-apoptotic molecules, in H 2 O 2 -treated Vero cells. Based on these results, this study suggests that BMA may be used as a potential protector on damage caused by oxidative stress.

Blood vessels become less flexible with senescence; arteries narrow and become less flexible, disturbing blood circulation in aging and other vascular diseases. Mechanistically, vascular senescence plays an important role in the pathogenesis of normal aging and age-related vascular diseases. Vascular senescence also causes vascular dysfunction, resulting in damage to the vessel wall. Vascular aging involves the senescence of endothelial cells. Hydrogen peroxide is widely used to achieve oxidative stress-induced premature senescence. Here, we investigated the protective effects of a hot water extract of Loliolus beka meat (LBM) against H 2 O 2 -exposed HUVECs, a human umbilical vein endothelial cells line. The hot water extract of LBM protected cells against H 2 O 2 -induced cytotoxicity while reducing the expression of senescence markers, including β-galactosidase, p53, and p21. In addition, the hot water extract of LBM protected against H 2 O 2 -induced DNA damage. These findings suggest that the hot water extract of LBM protects HUVECs from H 2 O 2 -induced senescence by preventing cellular damage. LBM serve as a supplement or natural food with benefits against vascular disease.