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The research seeks to collaborate to advance the debate on the intertwining between Ancestry, History, and Environmental Education. It analyzes the pedagogical experience developed by the authors in the project "Young Environmental Guardians from Riverside Communities", which takes place in the Brazilian Amazon. The project's purpose is to reinforce the youth's commitment to the Amazon and the riverside territories, reaffirming the principles of the defense of life, "buen vivir," and socio-environmental justice. The article narrates the project's meetings, their objective and subjective aspects, in conjunction with a critical view of the History of the Amazon. It is argued that the recognition of Ancestry can pedagogically contribute to reestablishing the links of collectivity towards a more equal society and healthy environment.

The research analyzed women's mobilizations in 2019 -- the first year of the current ultraconservative government in Brazil -- focusing on the peasant women and indigenous women's demonstrations. The text points that the further liberalization and deregulation of environmental protection coupled with anti-indigenous and anti-environmentalist rhetoric leads to the intensification of extractivism (agribusiness, mining, among others), which advances on communities' lands, water, soil and forests. Because they are directly impacted by the social and environmental damages, women became the main social force fighting against the commercialization of nature and also supporting the subsistence-oriented agriculture. Considering the current environmental collapse, it's argued that those struggles are urgent for the defense of life and, therefore, should be supported by critical environmental educators.

Activist research engages all participants as co-researchers in order to challenge the status quo in hopes of creating spaces in which they will actively participate in their education and feel responsible for their own and others' learning (Cochran-Smith & Lytle, 2009). There are a number of challenges that researchers might face when engaging in activist research with coresearchers. In that sense, researchers must be open to multiple perspectives and critical attitudes in order to negotiate the challenges that arise in the process. This paper describes the challenges that the lead author faced in learning to become an activist researcher in a socially vulnerable sport context and how these challenges were negotiated. The lead author, supervised by the second author, conducted a six month activist research study in a soccer program in a socially and economically disadvantaged neighborhood in Brazil. Participants included two researchers (lead and second authors), 17 young people, four coaches, a pedagogic coordinator and a social worker as co-researchers. Multiple sources of data were collected, including 38 field journal/observations and audio records of: 18 youth work sessions, 16 coaches' work sessions, three combined coaches and youth work sessions, and 37 meetings between the lead author and the second author. By using an activist approach four challenges were identified and negotiated: learning to become more comfortable with an activist approach, helping young people to articulate what they know and the researcher to see what they say, valuing co-researchers' knowledge, and negotiating the culture of sport. We argue that challenges are essential, necessary and significant in an activist research project in order to transform ourselves as researchers and our relationship with others.

This work investigates how data availability can lead to different conclusions about the so-called fading-out effect of early childhood education (ECE). We explore a extensive dataset from 2008 and 2012 on elementary school children from a small municipality in Brazil. This data allows us to evaluate the effect of ECE attendance on language proficiency score using either cohort-based or grade-based data. We estimate and test if there is a difference in ECE effect on proficiency between 2008 and 2012. Our results indicate no fading-out of ECE effects while using cohort-based data, but a complete fade away of effects with grade-based data. We interpret those results as a sample selection issue caused mostly by ECE effect on grade progression.

The purpose of this study is to understand how the "flipped classroom" shaped the learning experiences of university students in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The paper describes the challenges and advantages students faced while engaging in new technologies aimed at enhancing the social component of learning. Of particular interest is how traditionally underrepresented college students and first-generation college students interacted with fellow students and the professor in the flipped classroom. In light of Brazil's recent higher education policies aimed at democratizing its student body, the findings of the study shed light on the intersection of new technologies in the classroom with the demands and needs of Brazil's 21st century college students.

This study investigated the level of future physical education teachers' self-efficacy to inclusion of students with disabilities and its relation to the source of physiological and affective states. One hundred eighty eight physical education student teachers responded to a self-efficacy scale towards inclusion, and the teacher self-efficacy source's scale. Participants presented moderate teacher self-efficacy for inclusion, being the inclusion of students with physical disability the strongest dimension. Physiological and affective states were related more powerfully to inclusion of students with physical disability than with intellectual and visual disability. Results support the proposition that is essential that teacher education programs offer opportunity for future teachers to develop their own competencies to promote the inclusion in the classes.

To address, in teacher education, the prevention of gender violence is crucial to its eradication. In this work we seek to understand how the Brazilian and international debates on violence against women are taking place in teacher education. In this sense, we analyze the theoretical advance over the last seven years of a course in the Pedagoy Course in UFSCar and its relation with national and international productions on prevention of violence against women. We found that the course content went from theoretical aspects of the feminist debate to actions aimed at preventing and overcoming gender violence, which attends the indication of the international debate on teacher education for the prevention of violence against women.

This study outlines a comprehensive benchmarking strategy used for comparing policies, processes and strategies across national borders. Comparative benchmarking can empower nation states in the global South to review education systems, discover hidden sources of inequity, and establish comparative benchmarks for system reform. The utility of the benchmarking system is illustrated for the student assessment system. Both competitive and process/functional benchmarking were used to identify targets. The balanced assessment systems of high performing countries paid significant attention to classroom formative assessment even when examinations were central. This compares with the binding historical legacy of public examinations in the Anglophone Caribbean.