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Backgrounds: The positive effects of reduction mammoplasty on metabolic profile have been shown in a limited number of studies. This study objective to reveal the effects of reduction mammoplasty on metabolic profile and anthropometric measurements., Subjects and Method: The study was prospectively conducted on 42 patients who were operated between April 2019 and March 2020. Fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HgA1c, homeostasis model assessment scores, adiponectin, leptin, and resistin levels were evaluated. In addition, age, height, weight, body mass index; breast, chest, waist, hip circumference; waist-hip ratio, and bilateral breast resection tissue weights were recorded. Data and blood samples were collected one hour before the operation, 6 and 12 weeks after the operation., Result: The patients' mean age was 43.14±10.24, and their average height was 159.42±4.96 cm. The excised bilateral dermo fatty tissue weight was 1435.85±721.16 g. At the postoperative 40th day a decrease in leptin (p = 0.001), resistin (p =0.008), glucose (p = 0.021) and insulin resistance values (p=0.013) stated. There was an increase in adiponectin (p < 0.001) and HDL (p = 0.013) levels at the postoperative 40th day. In the postoperative third month, these data returned to the previous levels that were measured before operations. However, an increase in hip circumference (p = 0.034) and a decrease in waist-hip ratio (p < 0.001) was detected in third month. Also, there was no difference in body mass index and weight compared to pre-operation., Conclusion: After reduction mammoplasty, compensatory fat growth in the hip area, an increase in the hip circumference, and a decrease in the waist-hip ratio were observed in the postoperative third month., Level of Evidence: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 ., (© 2021. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.)

Background: Inverted nipple occurs when part of or the entire nipple is abnormally located below the areola. Surgical repair of severe cases involves suture or flap techniques. Complications include recurrence, lactation problems, hypopigmented scar formation in the areola, and loss of sensation. We describe an alternative repair technique using a dermal flap and traction, which leads to less apparent scarring and preserves lactation function and sensation., Methods: Between January 2010 and January 2013, we treated 28 inverted nipples in 16 patients using two areola-based triangular dermal flaps and traction. The scar was aligned with the junction of the nipple and the areola. Postoperatively, traction was applied through an apparatus prepared from a 50-cc syringe. Patients were followed up for 8-24 months (mean = 16.5 months)., Results: Adequate projection was achieved in all patients and no wound dehiscence or complications such as infection occurred. Unilateral recurrence occurred in one patient on the 10th postoperative day. This patient was reoperated on successfully using the same method. No loss of sensation was observed in any of the patients during the postoperative period., Conclusions: This dermal flap technique for treating inverted nipple was effective and preserved lactation function. The alignment of the scar with the junction of the nipple and the areola led to a more aesthetic appearance with no apparent scarring. The traction method helped maintain traction for a longer period, which in our opinion increased the success rate of the surgery., Level of Evidence V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Background: Advanced studies on adipose tissue have established that subcutaneous adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ to help maintain homeostasis. Based on this information, many plastic surgeons have evaluated the metabolic effects of liposuction because liposuction is the most common surgical procedure in plastic surgery. Liposuction removes a substantial amount of subcutaneous fat from a specific area of the body. Mammoplasty is another procedure that removes a large amount of subcutaneous fat. In this study, the metabolic effects of reduction mammoplasty were evaluated with hemogram, blood glucose, lipid profile, insulin, and insulin resistance tests before and after surgery., Methods: The study involved 35 patients who underwent reduction mammoplasty between January 2006 and June 2009. All the patients were evaluated with physical examination and their history, height, and weight were obtained. Venous blood samples were collected before, 4 h after, and 3 months after the surgical procedure to evaluate hemogram, blood glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles. The HOMA scores of the patients were calculated. Inferiorly based dermal pedicle, central pedicle, and free nipple graft techniques were used in the operations and all excision materials were sent for histopathological examination., Results: The mean age of the patients was 39.6 ± 11.6 years. The mean excision volume was 2249 ± 1001 g. Body mass indexes were not significantly different before and 3 months after the surgery (p > 0.05). Blood glucose, LDL, HDL, triglyceride, total cholesterol, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values before and 4 h after the surgery were also different (p < 0.05). However, comparisons with the 3-month postoperative test results revealed no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) and comparisons of all the measurements showed that insulin levels and HOMA scores were not significantly different (p > 0.05)., Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that reduction mammoplasty operations do not have any positive effects on blood insulin, glucose profile, lipid profile, and body mass index 3 months after the surgery.