20 results
Search Results
2. Holocene Deposits of Saharan Rock Shelters: The Case of Takarkori and Other Sites from the Tadrart Acacus Mountains (Southwest Libya).
- Author
-
Biagetti, Stefano and Lernia, Savino
- Subjects
HOLOCENE Epoch ,CAVES ,ARCHAEOLOGY ,PASTORAL societies ,NEOLITHIC Period - Abstract
Copyright of African Archaeological Review is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The Environmental History of Tigray (Northern Ethiopia) in the Middle and Late Holocene: A Preliminary Outline.
- Author
-
Bard, Kathryn A., Coltorti, Mauro, DiBlasi, Michael C., Dramis, Francesco, and Fattovich, Rodolfo
- Subjects
ACCLIMATIZATION ,PLATEAUS ,ETHIOPIAN history ,VEGETATION & climate ,BIOCLIMATOLOGY - Abstract
Copyright of African Archaeological Review is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Holocene Climatic Changes and Cultural Dynamics in the Libyan Sahara.
- Author
-
Cremaschi, M. and Di Lernia, S.
- Subjects
HOLOCENE paleoclimatology ,CLIMATE change ,CULTURE ,PLEISTOCENE paleoclimatology - Abstract
Copyright of African Archaeological Review is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. [Untitled]
- Author
-
Diane Gifford-Gonzalez
- Subjects
Archeology ,Taphonomy ,law ,Range (biology) ,Fauna ,Radiocarbon dating ,Arid ,Archaeology ,Holocene ,Geology ,Zooarchaeology ,Chronology ,law.invention - Abstract
This paper reports on the results of zooarchaeological analysis of fauna from two stratified rockshelters at Ele Bor, 200 km east of Lake Turkana, Kenya. Ele Bor Site A, with radiocarbon determinations from 7000 to 1000 B P, yielded around 4000 identifiable bone specimens. The other site, Ele Bor M, yielded only a hundred bone specimens and will be discussed less extensively in this paper. Fauna from the EBA, although heavily modified by various taphonomic agents, testify to the strong continuity of a broad-based foraging pattern into the first millennium AD, the long stability of human use of a broad range of wild vertebrate species and to a stone-working tradition, augmented but not substantially modified by the introduction of ceramics and grinding equipment during the sixth to third millennium BC.
- Published
- 2003
6. The Holocene Archaeology of Southwest Ethiopia: New Insights from the Kafa Archaeological Project.
- Author
-
Hildebrand, Elisabeth Anne, Brandt, Steven Andrew, and Lesur-Gebremariam, Joséphine
- Subjects
ARCHAEOLOGY ,ARCHAEOLOGICAL excavations ,CAVES ,CERAMICS ,POTTERY - Abstract
Southwest Ethiopia's cool, moist, and steep highlands differ from other African environments, and may have fostered distinct patterns of Holocene resource use and intensification. Prior to 2004, only a few archaeological projects probed eastern and northern margins of this region. The Kafa Archaeological Project (2004-2006) excavated ten caves and rockshelters in different environments in the heart of southwest Ethiopia to obtain a Holocene chronology and compare it with adjacent regions. At Kumali Rockshelter, middle Holocene deposits show use of a microlithic industry to obtain wild game, and excellent macrobotanical preservation promises to reveal changes in plant use from 4,700 C bp to the present. Ceramics and domestic animals appear at Kumali and Koka by ~2,000 C bp, suggesting herding and pottery making appeared late and contacts with neighboring regions were tenuous. Technologically conservative people continued microlith production and sporadic rockshelter use into the eighteenth century CE. Résumé: Le haut plateau escarpé au climat frais et humide du Sud-ouest de l'Éthiopie se distingue des autres environnements africains et a favorisé des schémas variés d'utilisation et d'intensification des ressources Holocènes. Avant 2004, seuls quelques projets archéologiques ont exploré les bords nord et est de cette région. Le Kafa Archaeological Project (2004-2006) a fouillé dix grottes et abris sous roche, situés dans des environnements divers au milieu de cette région pour obtenir une chronologie holocène et la comparer aux régions voisines. Dans l'abri de Kumali, les dépôts de l'Holocène Moyen montrent l'utilisation d'une industrie microlithique pour la chasse, et la très bonne conservation des restes macrobotaniques promet de mettre en évidence des changements dans l'utilisation des plantes entre 4,700 C bp et aujourd'hui. Céramiques et animaux domestiques apparaissent à Kumali et à Koka vers 2,000 C bp suggérant une appearance tardive de la poterie et de l'élevage et peu de contacts avec les régions voisines. Les populations locals, marquées par une forte inertie technologique, ont continué à faire des outils microlithiques et utiliser sporadiquement les abris sous roche jusqu'à la 18 siècle de notre ère. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Tooth Evulsion in the Maghreb: Chronological and Geographical Patterns.
- Author
-
Humphrey, Louise and Bocaege, Emmy
- Subjects
TEETH ,MANNERS & customs ,INCISORS ,CAPSIAN culture ,NEOLITHIC Period - Abstract
Copyright of African Archaeological Review is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Early and Middle Holocene Environments and Capsian Cultural Change: Evidence from the Télidjène Basin, Eastern Algeria.
- Author
-
Jackes, Mary and Lubell, David
- Subjects
CAPSIAN culture ,PALEOLITHIC Period ,ARCHAEOLOGICAL geology ,RADIOCARBON dating ,ARCHAEOLOGY - Abstract
Copyright of African Archaeological Review is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Barbed Bone Points: Tradition and Continuity in Saharan and Sub-Saharan Africa.
- Author
-
Yellen, John E.
- Subjects
BONES ,HOLOCENE paleoclimatology ,PLEISTOCENE paleoclimatology ,ANTIQUITIES - Abstract
Copyright of African Archaeological Review is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Early and Middle Holocene Human Occupation of the Egyptian Eastern Desert: Sodmein Cave
- Author
-
Jan Moeyersons, Wim Van Neer, Janet Rethemeyer, Elena Marinova, Pierre Vermeersch, and Veerle Linseele
- Subjects
Prehistory ,Archeology ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Archaeology ,Cave ,Holocene climatic optimum ,Sequence stratigraphy ,Late Glacial Maximum ,Domestication ,Geology ,Holocene - Abstract
In this paper, we discuss human occupation during the Early and Middle Holocene in the Eastern Desert of Egypt, based mainly on the data provided by excavated deposits from the Sodmein Cave, which produced an important Holocene stratigraphic sequence. This sequence is dated by a large number of conventional and AMS 14C dates. It appears that the area was empty of human occupation during the Late Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the earliest Holocene. With improved climatic conditions, humans arrived in the area, as hunter-gatherers using no ceramics, from around 7.1 to 6.4 Ka cal BC. Humans were absent from the cave during the Holocene 8.2 Ka event (ca. 6.3 Ka cal BC). From 6.2 to 5.0 Ka cal BC, herders visited the site on a regular basis importing caprines. The bone evidence for domesticated small stock is very limited at Sodmein but is nevertheless extremely important, as it contains the oldest known specimens for Africa to date. After 5.0 Ka cal BC, the area was almost entirely deserted. Afr Archaeol Rev DOI 10.1007/s10437-015-9195-6 ispartof: African Archaeological Review vol:32 issue:3 pages:465-503 status: published
- Published
- 2015
11. Holocene Palaeoclimates of Africa.
- Author
-
Hassan, Fekri A.
- Subjects
GEOMORPHOLOGY ,HOLOCENE paleoclimatology ,CLIMATE change ,MONSOONS - Abstract
Examination of climatic inferences based on palynological, geomorphic, sedimentological, and other proxy data reveals a coherent picture of a generally wet early Holocene and drier conditions, with a time-transgressive clinal change commencing ca, 4500 B.P. The large-scale climatic periods in Africa during the Late Quaternary were interrupted by abrupt oscillations and rapid transitions. The magnitude and direction of climatic changes show distinct regional variation. However, in the monsoon-domain areas, abrupt drought events occurred conspicuously at ca. 12,000–11,500, 8500, 7500, 4500, 4000–3700, and 2000 uncalibrated radiocarbon years B.P. Further investigations are required to gain a more precise chronology of these events, which appear to have been crucial for some of the most salient developments in Africa's prehistory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Macrophysical climatic modeling of Africa’s late quaternary climate: Site-specific, high-resolution applications for archaeology
- Author
-
Bryson, R. A. and Bryson, R. U.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. New research on the Holocene settlement and environment of the Chad Basin in Nigeria
- Author
-
Breunig, Peter, Neumann, Katharina, and Van Neer, Wim
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Holocene Deposits of Saharan Rock Shelters: The Case of Takarkori and Other Sites from the Tadrart Acacus Mountains (Southwest Libya)
- Author
-
Stefano Biagetti and Savino di Lernia
- Subjects
Archeology ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Excavation ,Archaeology ,Natural (archaeology) ,law.invention ,Sequence (geology) ,Cave ,law ,Sequence stratigraphy ,Radiocarbon dating ,pastoral neolithic ,rock shelters ,sahara ,holocene ,archaeological sequence ,late acacus ,Holocene ,Geology ,Rock shelter - Abstract
The excavation at Takarkori rock shelter is part of a long-term study of Holocene cultural dynamics in southwest Libya begun in the early 1990s. With a rich Holocene occupation, the area is one of the key spots for reconstruction of human occupation of the last 10,000 years. In this region, similar to the case in the rest of the Sahara, most of the data come from surface investigations at open-air sites, while excavated caves and rock shelters provide just a few. Although less exposed than open-air sites, Holocene archaeological deposits in Saharan caves and rock shelters are characterized by a fairly dynamic nature. Loose sediments, coupled with variability of human occupations and magnitude of natural agents, determine multiple alterations to the archaeological deposits in sheltered sites. In this paper, we present the nature and meaning of the archaeological deposits at Takarkori rock shelter, where a relatively large area has been recently excavated, showing a stratigraphic sequence extending from c. 9,000 to 4,200 BP, unevenly represented by several occupation pulses. In order to sharpen understanding of the development of human occupation at this site, specific procedures for the study and recording of the archaeological deposit have been developed, along with a program of extensive radiocarbon dating. Data from the Takarkori sequence ultimately will be integrated with available published stratigraphies from the Acacus Mountains, with the aim of reviewing the results from past excavations.
- Published
- 2013
15. Genetics and African Cattle Domestication
- Author
-
Diane Gifford-Gonzalez and Frauke Stock
- Subjects
Archeology ,Domestic cattle ,Geography ,biology ,Genetic data ,Ancient history ,Aurochs ,Domestication ,biology.organism_classification ,Archaeology ,Holocene ,Archaeological evidence - Abstract
Whether cattle domestication occurred independently on the African continent is among the most controversial questions in the Holocene archaeology of northern Africa. One long-established scenario, based upon early archaeological evidence, suggested that Africa’s earliest cattle derived from several introductions from Southwest Asia through the Nile Valley, or via the Horn of Africa. Based upon archaeofaunal remains retrieved in the late twentieth century, other archaeologists argued that an independent domestication of the African aurochs gave rise to Africa’s earliest domestic cattle. Up to now, the genetic data have also been controversial. This paper reviews the archaeological evidence and the scope of debate, and then focuses on the recent contributions of genetic research to clarifying these issues.
- Published
- 2013
16. The Holocene History of the Southern Lake Chad Basin: Archaeological, Linguistic and Genetic Evidence
- Author
-
Scott MacEachern
- Subjects
Archeology ,Archaeogenetics ,education.field_of_study ,Geography ,Linguistic evidence ,Population ,Lake chad basin ,Historical linguistics ,education ,Archaeology ,Archaeological evidence ,Holocene ,Chronology - Abstract
Archaeological evidence indicates a complex history of settlement of the southern Lake Chad Basin from the mid-Holocene onward, in parallel with the gradual desiccation of the Sahara and reduction of lake and river systems in the region. These archaeological data can be compared with a growing body of data from historical linguistics and genetics, and the southern Lake Chad Basin is one of few areas in Africa where such comparisons can be undertaken. This paper will serve as a preliminary consideration of some of the issues generated by an initial comparison of archaeological, genetic and linguistic evidence for the peopling of the Lake Chad Basin. It focuses on the contexts of initial encounters between ancestral Nilo-Saharan and Chadic populations south of Lake Megachad and subsequent population expansions and diversifications around the Mandara Mountains.
- Published
- 2012
17. [Untitled]
- Author
-
Charmaine G. Sipe and Pamela R. Willoughby
- Subjects
Prehistory ,Archeology ,Rift ,Pleistocene ,Later Stone Age ,Middle Stone Age ,Archaeology ,Geology ,Rift valley ,Holocene ,Stone Age - Abstract
This paper reports on results from survey and preliminary test excavations at MSA and LSA sites along the Songwe River in the Lake Rukwa Rift Valley of southwestern Tanzania. At IdIu22, a continuous, extensive archaeological deposit was revealed which may have both Pleistocene and Holocene components. The lithic material here shows a gradual transformation from a flake based LSA assemblage to one employing microburin techniques. Cet article discute la recherche prehistorique aux environs de la riviere Songwe, dans le vallee rift de Lac Rukwa en la sud-ouest de Tanzanie. Au gisement IdIu22, un sequence de l'âge de la pierre finale (LSA) a ete decouverte avec possible niveaux du Pleistocene et Holocene. Les assemblages lithiques changent graduellement des un LSA avec outils sur les eclats, vers un LSA employant la technique microburin.
- Published
- 2002
18. [Untitled]
- Author
-
Mauro Coltorti, Kathryn A. Bard, Rodolfo Fattovich, Francesco Dramis, and Michael DiBlasi
- Subjects
Palynology ,Archeology ,geography ,Plateau ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Historical evidence ,Archaeology ,Prehistory ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Environmental history ,Vegetation (pathology) ,Holocene ,Humid climate - Abstract
This paper outlines the environmental history of the Tigrean Plateau (northern Ethiopia) during the Holocene, based on the available geomorphological, palynological, archaeological, and historical evidence. At present, it seems that (1) the plateau experienced a more humid climate with a denser vegetation cover during the Early Holocene; (2) Soil erosion due to clearing vegetation began in the Middle Holocene; (3) agricultural activity was intensified in the Late Holocene, as a consequence of the rise of a state; (4) demographic pressure increased from the early first millennium BC to the mid–first millennium AD, causing soil erosion; (5) environmental degradation and demographic decline occurred in the late first millennium AD; (6) the vegetation cover was regenerated in the early second millennium AD; and (7) progressive vegetation clearance started again in the second half of the second millennium AD. Cet article trace l'histoire ambiante du Plateau Tigreen dans l'Holocene en utilisant les donnees geomorphologiques, palynologiques, archeologiques et historiques. Il semble que (1) dans l'Holocene ancien le plateau etait caracterise par une phase humide avec une dense vegetation; (2) l'erosion causee par l'abbattage de la vegetation commen¸a dans l'Holocene moyen; (3) l'activite agricole s'intensifia a la fin de l'Holocene, par consequence de l'essor d'un etat; (4) la pression demographique augmenta de plus en plus du debut du premier millenaire av. J.-Ch. a la moitie du premier millenaire ap. J.-Ch.; (5) la degradation ambiante et la diminution demographique se verifierent a la fin du premier millenaire ap. J.-Ch.; (6) une regeneration de la vegetation se verifia au debut du seconde millenaire ap. J.-Ch.; et (7) l'abbatage de la vegetation recommen¸a dans la seconde moitie du seconde millenaire ap. J.-Ch.
- Published
- 2000
19. [Untitled]
- Author
-
S. Di Lernia and Mauro Cremaschi
- Subjects
Prehistory ,Archeology ,Geography ,Cultural dynamics ,Excavation ,Archaeology ,Archaeological evidence ,Holocene - Abstract
Systematic surveys and excavations were carried out during the 1990–1996 field seasons in the Tadrart Acacus and surrounding areas, shedding new light on the climatic changes and cultural dynamics which occurred during the Holocene. In this paper, the geological, geomorphological, and archaeological evidence is assembled in order to provide a preliminary synthesis on the prehistory of the area.
- Published
- 1999
20. Lakeside View: Sociocultural Responses to Changing Water Levels of Lake Turkana, Kenya
- Author
-
Steven L. Forman, Purity Kiura, Amanuel Beyin, David K. Wright, and C. Bloszies
- Subjects
Archeology ,Archaeology ,Aridification ,Human settlement ,Paleoclimatology ,Pastoralism ,Subsistence agriculture ,Context (language use) ,Arid ,Holocene ,Geology - Abstract
Throughout the Holocene, Lake Turkana has been subject to drastic changes in lake levels and the subsistence strategies people employ to survive in this hot and arid region. In this paper, we reconstruct the position of the lake during the Holocene within a paleoclimatic context. Atmospheric forcing mechanisms are discussed in order to contextualize the broader landscape changes occurring in eastern Africa over the last 12,000 years. The Holocene is divided into five primary phases according to changes in the strand-plain evolution, paleoclimate, and human subsistence strategies practiced within the basin. Early Holocene fishing settlements occurred adjacent to high and relatively stable lake levels. A period of high-magnitude oscillations in lake levels ensued after 9,000 years BP and human settlements appear to have been located close to the margins of the lake. Aridification and a final regression in lake levels ensued after 5,000 years BP and human communities were generalized pastoralists-fishers-foragers. During the Late Holocene, lake levels may have dropped below their present position and subsistence strategies appear to have been flexible and occasionally specialized on animal pastoralism. Modern missionary and government outposts have encouraged the construction of permanent settlements in the region, which are heavily dependent on outside resources for their survival. Changes in the physical and cultural environments of the Lake Turkana region have been closely correlated, and understanding the relationship between the two variables remains a vital component of archaeological research.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.