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The implementation of lockdown measures as a response to the spread of COVID-19 has increased the vulnerability of households to several human security issues. Using a desktop systematic review approach, the paper attempts an explanation of violence and unrest from the theoretical lens of the frustration-aggression theory. It discusses violence as a form of agency in South Africa and contextualises contemporary experiences in terms of the COVID-19 pandemic and the July 2021 protest, as well as the implication of such violence for the South African socio-political and economic sphere going forward. The paper argues that while South African history is bedevilled by violence, the vulnerability of the people due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic provided a breeding ground for frustration and the eventual violent unrest in many parts of South Africa. Therefore, the extensive looting of malls, warehouses, and distributors that greeted the July 2021 protest was only a product of South Africa's historical inequality and worsening state of affairs. The paper concludes that the unrest was mainly triggered by structural and historical socio-economic configurations rooted in extreme poverty and wide economic inequality. That becomes apparent in unemployment, deprivations, physical hardships, a failing or collapsing state, and state institutions and services underlined by neo-patrimonial practices and political failures, thereby leading to violence as a response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has brought myriad challenges to South African public schools based in rural areas. The recurring concern is that those challenges might negatively impact the performance and progress of learners in rural areas. This should be understood within the context that most schools in rural areas are characterised by a lack of resources, such as modern technological resources. This paper aimed to find ways to enhance teaching practices during and after the COVID-19 crisis in a rural context. The objectives of the paper were to discover the impact of COVID-19 on learning and teaching practices and recommend ways to enhance such practices during and after the pandemic. Weiner's Attribution Theory of motivation and emotion was used to identify and address the underlying factors that may contribute to a learner's academic success and how they act or behave in certain ways towards the teaching practices. Methodologically, the study adopted a qualitative approach, and the purposive sampling technique was employed to draw data from participants through interviews and observations. The collected data was analyzed through thematic content analysis. The study found that psychosocial factors such as lack of positive mindset towards the curriculum, lack of motivation, family challenges, environmental challenges, and anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder and phobias caused by covid 19 pandemic, affect the cognition of learners and hinder the learning process. Therefore, it is recommended that the Department of Basic Education (DBE) consider implementing some psychological assessment programmes as a way to prepare learners and teachers for learning and teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has spawned human rights challenges. This article recounted the experiences of the victims through anecdotal evidence and analysed them in the human rights context. The paper found that the victims of the disease are ostracised by their families and communities. The article also discussed the remedies available to the victims both by way of fundamental right enforcement and under general civil claims. The paper concluded that the exclusion of the victims from the benefits enjoyed by other members of the community on account of their health status amounts to discrimination which is prohibited under human rights precepts. Such conducts instil fear and anxiety and could deter the victims from voluntarily disclosing their health status, which would invariably aggravate the spread of the disease in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]