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Background: Clinical laboratories in Botswana have relied entirely on the reference intervals for normal immunohaematological values provided by manufacturers' kits and textbooks., Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the means, medians, 2.5th and 97.5th percentile reference intervals, for normal immunohaematological values in healthy adults in Botswana., Method: A total of 261 healthy participants comprising 126 men (48%) and 135 (52%) women were enrolled in the southern part of Botswana, and immunological and haematological laboratory parameters were measured., Results: The mean age was 28.8 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 27.7-29.8) years, with a median of 27 years and a range 18-66 years. The mean haemoglobin level was significantly lower for women (12.4 g/dL; 95% CI 12.1% - 12.7%) than men (15.1 g/dL; 95% CI 14.9% - 15.3%). The women's haemoglobin reference values (9.0 g/dL - 15.0 g/dL) levels were lower than observed in predominantly White populations (12.0 g/dL - 16.0 g/dL), but comparable with regional consensus reference intervals (9.5 g/dL - 15.8 g/dL) recently defined for East and Southern Africa., Conclusion: The established values provide an important tool for patient management and could influence decisions on inclusion of participants and adverse events in clinical trials conducted locally.

Background: Clinical laboratories in Botswana have relied entirely on the reference intervals for normal immunohaematological values provided by manufacturers' kits and textbooks., Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the means, medians, 2.5th and 97.5th percentile reference intervals, for normal immunohaematological values in healthy adults in Botswana., Method: A total of 261 healthy participants comprising 126 men (48%) and 135 (52%) women were enrolled in the southern part of Botswana, and immunological and haematological laboratory parameters were measured., Results: The mean age was 28.8 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 27.7-29.8) years, with a median of 27 years and a range 18-66 years. The mean haemoglobin level was significantly lower for women (12.4 g/dL; 95% CI 12.1% - 12.7%) than men (15.1 g/dL; 95% CI 14.9% - 15.3%). The women's haemoglobin reference values (9.0 g/dL - 15.0 g/dL) levels were lower than observed in predominantly White populations (12.0 g/dL - 16.0 g/dL), but comparable with regional consensus reference intervals (9.5 g/dL - 15.8 g/dL) recently defined for East and Southern Africa., Conclusion: The established values provide an important tool for patient management and could influence decisions on inclusion of participants and adverse events in clinical trials conducted locally., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no financial or personal relationship(s) which may have influenced them inappropriately in writing this article.