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The city of Salem, Massachusetts, was a major port for American commerce to Africa for much of the nineteenth century. Even in the latter years of the century, when trade had moved to larger centers, the Salem men still played an important role in some African areas. Due to the efforts of the Peabody Museum and the Essex Institute, many of the papers relating to this American contact with Africa have been preserved. The collections include logbooks of vessels, merchants' account books, and letters to and from agents and captains. The following pages briefly describe the materials relating to the history of Africa in the archives of the two Salem institutions. The list includes only those items of historical interest. (There are many logs of voyages to Africa of only nautical value.) It attempts to be complete, but no claim is made to having found every document of interest to the historian. Part of the contents of the archives remain uncatalogued and materials relating to Africa are occasionally uncovered under unlikely headings. Research for new sources is being continued.

An NDEA Summer Lanuage and Area Program will be offered during the eight-week summer session, June 26-August 18, 1967, on the UCLA campus. Languages to be offered are: Swahili, Afrikaans, Hausa, and Fulani. Area courses will be offered in anthropology, English, geography, history, law, and political science. The program is open to all undergraduate and graduate students interested in pursuing a combined area and language program. Applications for admission should be directed to the Summer Sessions Office, UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif. 90024. Fellowships (NDFL Summer Awards) are available through the Office of Education in Washington, D.C. The African Language and Area Center of Duquesne University, in cooperation with the African Language and Area Centers of Columbia, Howard, Indiana, Michigan State, Northwestern, Ohio, and Wisconsin universities, is sponsoring an eight-week Intensive Summer Language Program in six African languages which is supported by matching funds provided by the U.S. Office of Education under the National Defense Education Act. The Reverend Joseph L. Varga, C.S.Sp., professor of Swahili at Duquesne University, will assume overall responsibility for language instruction; and the whole Intensive Summer Program will be under the direction of Dr. Geza Grosschmid, director of the African Language and Area Center, Duquesne University. Courses: Intensive elementary courses are offered in Hausa, Ibo, Lingala, Mende, Swahili, and Yoruba. Intensive intermediate or advanced conversation courses are offered of the same, and enrollment will determine their instruction. Each intensive elementary and intermediate course (12 credits) is five hours a day, including lab, Monday through Friday. The advanced conversation course (4 credits) is one and one half hours a day, Monday through Friday.

Norman Robert Bennett. Arab versus European: Diplomacy and War in NineteenthCentury East Central Africa. New York and London: Africana Publishing Company, 1986. 325 pp. Index. Glenn S. Burne. Richard F. Burton. Twayne's English Authors Series. Boston: Twayne, 1985. 168 pp. Index, selected biblio. Dennis D. Cordell. Dar al-Kuti and the Last Years of the Trans-Saharan Slave Trade. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1985. 283 pp. Appendices, biblio., figures, index, maps. David Robinson. The Holy War of Umar Tal: The Western Sudan in the midNineteenth Century. Oxford Studies in African Affairs. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985. 434 pp. Biblio., index, maps, tables.