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Objectives determine and compare the prevalence of orofacial pain in older nursing home residents with and without dementia and explore the association between orofacial pain and health factors. Methods cross-sectional study conducted in four UK nursing homes. We used the Orofacial-Pain Scale for Non-Verbal Individuals (OPS-NVI) to identify orofacial pain in residents with dementia. Residents who were able to communicate self-reported orofacial pain. A brief oral examination was conducted. Information on demographics, Clinical Dementia Rating, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Cohen Mansfield Agitation Inventory, Barthel Index, 5-level Euroqol 5 Dimension, Oral Health Impact Profile 14, Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form and medication was collected. Chi-squared tests, independent sample t-tests and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to compare outcomes between groups. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors of orofacial pain. Results orofacial pain, assessed with the OPS-NVI, was present in 48.8% (95% confidence interval [C.I.] 36.1–50.7) of residents with dementia. Self-reported orofacial pain was present in 37.8% (95% C.I. 20.4–53.7) of residents with dementia and in 14.8% (95% C.I. 0.5–30.4) residents without dementia. Orofacial pain was significantly more prevalent in residents with dementia than those without (OPS-NVI; P  = 0.002, self-report; P  = 0.04). Having a soft diet, xerostomia, being dentate, and poor oral hygiene in dentate residents were significant predictors of orofacial pain in residents with dementia. Conclusion orofacial pain was more prevalent in residents with dementia. Oral health care should be part of routine care for residents, especially for those with dementia, to improve oral health and decrease the risk of developing orofacial pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Pain and delirium are common in people with dementia admitted to hospitals. These are often under-diagnosed and under-treated. Pain is implicated as a cause of delirium but this association has not been investigated in this setting. Objective To investigate the relationship between pain and delirium in people with dementia, on admission and throughout a hospital admission. Design Exploratory secondary analysis of observational prospective longitudinal cohort data. Setting Two acute hospitals in the UK. Methodology Two-hundred and thirty participants aged ≥70 years were assessed for dementia severity, delirium ((Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), pain (Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD)) scale and prescription of analgesics. Logistic and linear regressions explored the relationship between pain and delirium using cross-sectional data. Results Pain at rest developed in 49%, and pain during activity for 26% of participants during their inpatient stay. Incident delirium developed in 15%, of participants, and 42% remained delirious for at least two assessments. Of the 35% of participants who were delirious and unable to self-report pain, 33% of these participants experienced pain at rest, and 56 experienced pain during activity. The odds of being delirious were 3.26 times higher in participants experiencing pain at rest (95% Confidence Interval 1.03–10.25, P = 0.044). Conclusion An association between pain at rest and delirium was found, suggesting pain may be a risk factor for delirium. Since pain and delirium were found to persist and develop during an inpatient stay, regular pain and delirium assessments are required to manage pain and delirium effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]