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The aim of the present research is to identify the managerial performance of the fruit growing activity carried out in farms with legal personality of North Western Romania. The positive results recorded, also called profit, i.e. the effects related to the efforts made in the companies investigated, materialized in the value of sales, total assets or equity at risk, enable us to study the companies’ profitability. The company administration, considering the financial and accounting information based on which the profitability rates of the companies can be determined, should require for its management: discipline strengthening in cost management, setting sales prices, correct and efficient use of fixed assets as well as current assets, and increasing the remuneration level of the capital invested from own or external sources. Assessing the fruit business management performance is generally highlighted by the indicator: economic rate of return. This indicator can depend on a number of factors: full use of land and plantations on such land, permanent improvement of the efficiency of technological & agricultural machinery, machines and means of transport, speeding up the current assets (stocks and receivables) turnover ratio, redefining the structure of economic activity in order to increase the share of more profitable areas, reducing specific consumption by improving technological projects, as well as a permanent analysis of the price-cost-profit correlation for the harvested production.

The rapid increase in global population and consequent demand for food security necessitate efficient and sustainable agricultural practices. This comprehensive study explores the utilization of liquid fertilizers in agriculture, focusing on their various application techniques and equipment. Liquid fertilizers offer benefits like quick nutrient absorption, uniform application, and customizable nutrient blends, providing farmers with a flexible solution for enhancing crop yields while mitigating environmental impact. Specialized equipment like adjustable nozzles and band applicators further increase the precision and efficiency of liquid fertilizer application. Automated systems, incorporating advanced technologies such as GPS and real-time data analytics, represent the future of precision agriculture, promising higher yields and greater sustainability. Challenges like implementation complexities in smaller farms and initial investment costs are acknowledged, but overall, automated systems offer a scalable and efficient solution for modern agriculture.

The aim of the research is to identify the dynamics, the trend of the turnover of the public enterprise Centrul Agro Transilvania Cluj SA and the consequences of this dynamics on the main economic and financial indicators. The research is carried out on the overall activity of the company, whose object of activity is renting storage or storage and sales premises for local producers of agri-food products, for traders of agri-food products (wholesalers), but also for processors of agri-food products (meat products, dairy products, wines, ice cream, pastry, etc.). The documentation based on the financial and accounting information and the accounting of the researched period, 2020-2022, then the application of the calculation formulas for the change in the value of the researched indicators have enabled us to present some conclusions for the values of the researched economic and financial indicators.

Within this study a protocol was developed to obtain "in vitro" microtubers starting from botanical potato seed. The study was carried out between June and September 2023, in the Research Laboratory for Plant Tissue Cultures belonging to National Institute of Research and Development for Potato and Sugar Beet (NIRDPSB) Brasov. For the initiation of microtuberization, it was started from healthy (virus-free) potato plantlets, used as a source of uninodal explants. Fragments approximately 1.5 cm in size, containing a node, associated leaf and portions of neighboring internodes, were inoculated on Murashige-Skoog culture medium supplemented with sucrose, growth regulators and agar, specific to each stage of the microtuberization process. 15 explants were inoculated in each culture vessel, which were subsequently incubated in the climatic chamber, at a temperature of 20±2 °C, a photoperiod of 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness, for 4 weeks. When the potato microplants have reached a height of about 7-8 cm, the tuberization medium, liquid (100 ml/jar) is added to the culture vessels and then the cultures are incubated in the growth chamber, at 17±2 °C, in the dark, for a period of 3 months (permanent immersion method). Under these conditions, after about 120 days potato microtubers were formed and evaluated in terms of number, weight and calibration classes. The biological material tested for microtuberization capacity was represented by 2 potato genotypes derived from true seed (GIL 19-03-07, GIL 19-03-29) and 3 potato varieties created at NIRDPSB Brasov (Ervant, Castrum, Marvis ). The best results in terms of average weight/jar of potato microtubers (10.89 g), percentage of microtubers > 10 mm (23%) and rate of microtubers in the calibration class 7-10 mm (41%) were recorded at the genotype GIL 19-03-29. The highest values in terms of the average number of microtubers/jar (26.8) was recorded at the genotype GIL 19-03-07.

In navigating the complex landscape of consumer choices and industry practices, this study illuminates the multifaceted dynamics of food labeling perceptions. As consumers increasingly seek transparency and sustainability, there arises a collective call for the industry to align with these expectations. The challenges identified in comprehension and trust underscore the urgency for clearer communication, fostering an environment where consumers can make informed and empowered choices. The study is exploring insights from a survey of 58 individuals conducted between March and July 2023. The study sheds light on the complexities of label comprehension, trust in health-related claims, and preferences for eco-friendly packaging. With a diverse demographic profile, including varying levels of education and age groups, the findings underscore the need for industry transparency and clearer communication. As consumers increasingly prioritize sustainability and demand trustworthy information, the article advocates for an industry that aligns with these evolving expectations, empowering consumers to make informed and conscientious choices.

A percentage of 95% of the food consumed by the population is produced, directly or indirectly, on the soil. Along with food, functional soils play an essential role in water supply and resilience to floods and droughts by capturing and storing water, then making it available for uptake by spontaneous vegetation and crops. Certainly, the most important aspect is that soil is a finite resource, which means that its loss and degradation take a very long time to rehabilitate. Balance is very important, especially when the stakes are high, and here we are talking about three elements, namely climate change, human actions and soil erosion phenomena, which condition each other in a negative sense, but which can condition in the opposite sense, even if some phenomena are no longer reversible, they can certainly be slowed down or stopped.

Water scarcity and soil nutrient depletion significantly constrain global maize productivity amidst recurrent droughts due to climate change. So, this study was designed in a two-factorial pot culture, comprising twelve treatments and four replications in a completely randomized design, to examine the synergistic impacts of nitrogen (N) fertilizer sources and soil moisture levels on maize growth and nitrogen uptake. The treatments included nitrogen fertilizer sources (100% urea, 100% nanourea, 50% urea + 50% nanourea, control) and distinct soil moisture regimes (75% FC, 50% FC, and 35% FC). Elevated soil moisture positively correlated with increased plant height, leaf area, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), while dry root biomass displayed opposing trends. Notably, the 50% Urea + 50% Nano Urea treatment exhibited superior aboveground biomass (350 gm, 314 gm, and 236 gm) and N uptake (2.15%, 1.89%, and 1.99%) across all moisture regimes (75% FC, 50% FC, and 25% FC, respectively). Moreover, plants at 50% FC demonstrated enhanced water use efficiency, surpassing 35% FC and 50% FC by 52% and 63%, respectively. Overall, the combined application of 50% urea and 50% nanourea under optimal soil moisture (75% FC) notably improved growth, nitrogen uptake, and photosynthetic activity. However, their efficacy declined under water stress conditions, with singular nanourea exhibiting a relatively milder susceptibility to water stress.

The paper presents the situation of agricultural land use in the North-West Development Region of Romania, in order to analyze the sustainability of their use, at the level of 2023. The method of analysis used was that of the questionnaire-based sociological survey, with questions relevant to the indicators: age of the farm owner, economic size, form of organization, land area, land lease use, percentage of tabulation, land price, future intentions of farmers, forms of support accessed, use of European funds. After applying the survey on a number of 276 farmers, an average use of 150 hectares per agricultural holding is observed, which indicates an area with medium-sized farms, classified as medium-sized commercial farms (42.4%). Although renting is the first option of farmers (48.2% of the total owning more than 70% of the land under lease), they would like it if economic and labor conditions allow them to acquire farm-owned land in the future (46% of respondents). All interviewed farms benefited from subsidies from the Agency for Payments and Investment in Agriculture.

The subclinical mastitis is a major scourge in the camel farms.The pathogenic staphylococci are among the dominant causative agents of mastitis.The first part of the present study aims to estimate the prevalence of Staphylococcus spp. in overall milk per udder samples (n = 18) randomly selected among three camel herds in the region of Biskra. Following an epidemiological investigation, raw milk underwent bacteriological analysis emphasizing the identification and enumeration of staphylococci. In the second part of study, we investigated the impact of the anatomical position of the udder quarters on the infection rates due to Staphylococcus spp. Therefore from six she-camels reared in two farms, 24 raw milk samples were collected. Results show that the high rates and the diversity of isolated Staphylococcus spp. reflect inappropriate husbandry practices and illusory health status of the main camel herds. The milk contamination rates recorded at the herds H1 (Loutaya), H2 (Ain El'Kerma), H3 (Oumache) and H5 (Loutaya) do not conform to the limited value in the Algerian Official Journal.Also, it is an indicator of the perennity of subclinical mastitis insidiously. The infection rates and the isolated species of staphylococci are not identical for all the quarters in the same she-camel which were confirmed by the Kendall Tau-B correlation test (p = 0.05). It would be important to apply the standards H.A.C.C.P. either at the herd level, during milk collection and in milk marketing shops. Vulgarization of both herders and consumers would minimize the risk of food-borne illnesses.

Published at Caiete Silvane and Eikon publishing houses, the book ”Sălaj at the Centenary” (second edition, coordinated and edited by Traian Vedinaș) represents a valuable monographic study. With more than 570 pages and containing numerous photographs or maps, the volume is structured in seven chapters, each of which records a varied number of articles signed by various prestigious specialists who contributed to the study. Also, the work is produced according to authorial preferences in various discursive styles, presenting theoretical studies, essays, case studies, evocations, etc.

This study investigates the total polyphenols content in plant macerates of honey-infused apple cider vinegar (ACV) and its potential implications for diabetes management. Five distinct recipes, comprising Lavender, Sage, Cinnamon, and Nigella individually and in combinations, were subjected to maceration for 24 and 48 hours. The samples were analyzed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and sensory attributes such as color, taste, smell, and acidity were evaluated by a panel of 10 evaluators. Notable variations in polyphenol content were observed, with Recipe 3 (Cinnamon) demonstrating the highest total polyphenols content of 407.95 ± 4.2 mg/ml Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE) after 48 hours. Sensory analysis revealed that Recipe 2 (Sage) exhibited pleasant taste and smell attributes. The findings suggest the potential of these plant macerates as dietary adjuncts for diabetes management due to their substantial polyphenolic content and desirable sensory characteristics. Further exploration into their bioactive profiles and antidiabetic mechanisms is warranted.

The main objective of the study was to assess the landscape and visual impact generated by the expansion of a gypsum quarry in the commune of Căpușu Mare, Cluj County. The studied area was evaluated to determine the likely extent of landscape disruption and visual impact. The study was structured in two main stages and three phases. Visual impact was determined by assessing the degree of change resulting from the introduction of additional structures and terrain structuring works on the character and elements of the existing landscape. All possible perspectives were considered regarding the proposed development. Subsequently, the predicted impact and its mitigation were addressed. In the final stage, the residual impact that cannot be fully mitigated was considered. The results indicate that the implementation of the project will cause damage to the physical environment, and the in-situ landscape structure will be altered. Surrounding lands will experience indirect and insignificant changes, especially in terms of the bio-components of the physical environment, but the landscape will maintain its functional sustainability. The main impact on the landscape will occur at a local scale (in situ), affecting visual and aesthetic perception in the immediate vicinity and from points located at higher elevations within a radius of 500 m to 1000 m.

A field experiment was conducted at Biratnagar-4, Morang of Nepal during April – July, 2019 to evaluate the effects of organic manures and their combinations on soil properties and yield of okra var parvati. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with seven treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of human urine, poultry manure, FYM, goat manure, FYM + human urine, goat manure + human urine and recommended fertilizer. All the treatments were based on fulfillment of required nitrogen by the crop. The result showed that the highest pod yield (24.303 Mg ha-1) was obtained from the application of poultry manure. After okra harvest, the highest soil organic matter (0.4760 %), total soil nitrogen (0.243%), and available phosphorus (26.17 kg/ha) were determined from the soil of poultry manure treatments but the highest available potassium (109.2 kg/ha) was from FYM + human urine treatments. The highest N concentration in straw (5.280 %) and pod (2.253 %), P2O5 concentration in straw (0.2607 %) and pod (0.3447 %) was obtained from poultry manure treatment and the highest K2O concentration in straw (1.320 %) and pod (2.757 %) was determined from FYM + human urine application. Uptake of N (286.7 kg/ha) and P (25.60 kg/ha) was significantly higher in poultry manure application followed by the application of FYM + human urine. Higher uptake of K (163.1 kg/ha) was obtained under FYM + human urine application followed by goat manure + human urine (148.1 kg/ha). The highest benefit cost ratio (2.99) was obtained from the application of poultry manure application and the lowest benefit cost ratio (2.22) was found under human urine application. This result suggest that poultry manure was important for increasing soil properties and performance of okra and can be used as an alternative to the chemical fertilizer.

In recent years valorization of biowaste attracts lot of attention worldwide owing to its high nutritional value and low price. In this work biowaste of animal (sardines) and plant (tomato) biowaste was used to formulate a new feed for red tilapia, that showed to be competitive in its price and zootechnical performance in comparison to commercially available tilapia feeds. Mathematical modelling was used to formulate optimal feed composition with favorable chemical composition and the lowest price. Formulated feed had high protein content (40.76%) and energy value of 279.6 Kcal/100 g. Optimised feed was manufactured and compared to commercially available reference feed in respect to feed intake, feed efficiency, specific growth rate of fingerlings of Tilapia sp and, most important, zootechnical parameters. With fish survival rate of 100% calculated feed conversion index for the formulated feed was 2.7.

This study was initiated in the context of the initiative for the restoration and expansion of the northern and northeastern vegetation barrier of the Romulus Vuia National Ethnographic Park. The aim of the study is to justify the need for the expansion and restoration of the vegetation barrier by investigating historical data regarding its structure, the current situation of existing trees, assessing the surrounding landscape, and analyzing the ecological, social, and economic benefits brought about by an increased presence of trees in a territory. To assess the current and potential scenarios of tree coverage and associated benefits, the online tool i-Tree Canopy is integrated, quantifying ecosystem functions, including economic and pollution sequestration perspectives. This tool is used in scientific research for evaluating vegetation coverage and other land cover classes, given its efficiency in facilitating assessments using aerial imagery. Two areas were considered: Zone 1 (Tetarom Industrial Park + National Ethnographic Museum Park) and Zone 2 (Tetarom Industrial Park) - analyzing 1000 points for Zone 1 and 500 points for Zone 2. The conclusions indicate that i-Tree Canopy plays a significant role in studies related to vegetation coverage and land use in urban environments. The use of i-Tree Canopy contributes significantly to the sustainable management of green spaces and provides relevant data regarding the environmental benefits brought by a potential development of the vegetation barrier in the studied area.

Abstract. The aim of this study was to highlight wheat genotypes with a high number of grains/spike, with a good weight of grains/spike, and with a thousand kernel weight > 50 g, which can be used in wheat breeding programs. In 2022, at ARDS Turda, from 45 winter wheat genotypes (a small part of the collection that contains 1181 wheat genotypes), variant 23 was identified as a source of germplasm for improving productivity elements. It had an average of 78.4 grains/spike, a good weight of grains/spike (> 4.5g) and a high value of the thousand kernel weight (58.81g), close to that of the Arieşan variety, which is consecrated for this character. Five wheat genotypes with more than 80 grains/spike and eight genotypes with a thousand kernel weight greater than 55 grams were also identified.

The productivity of the agroecosystem is a function directly dependent on the interaction between: the environment – social factors – agricultural systems. In the framework of this research, the interaction principles of the structure and functionality components of the field crops agroecosystems in the agri-food system in the production conditions of the agricultural households in the Central Zone of the Republic of Moldova and the impact on the dimensions of food security were studied. The assessment for a period of 41 years of the central properties of structure and functionality of the agroecosystems of winter wheat, sunflower and grain corn crops: (i) productivity; (ii) stability; (iii) sustainability; (iv) fairness; (v) autonomy, denotes the variable character of productivity, highlighting aspects of agro-ecosystem instability. A factor that influences the productivity of the agroecosystems of the researched crops is the difference in the harvest indices, which in percentage values are approx. 40% for winter wheat crop, 35% for sunflower and 45% for grain corn crop. The variable character of productivity deregulates the functional criterion such as agroecosystem efficiency. The factor generating agroecosystem instability for the researched crops is the inefficient use of agricultural potential at the national level, especially of soil resources. Agroecosystem dysfunctions affect the dimensions of food security such as: 1) the physical availability of food; 2) economic and physical access to food; 3) the use of food; and 4) the stability of the three dimensions over time, which consequently causes food insecurity in the Republic of Moldova.

The enzyme lysozyme has wide application in food and health industry due to its antimicrobial properties. Different alternative sources are used for the extraction lysozyme. One such alternative source ca be Galleria mellonella biomass, the larva of which can digest polyethylene. The method was developed using an ultra-high pressure liquid chromatograph Vanquish H from Dionex, with fluorescent detector. The quantification limit obtained was 0.1 ng/ml and the recovery after solid/liquid extraction was 87.3 %. The samples were extracted using 30 ml of 33% NaCl. The extracted was purified using 0.5 g Florisil column. The mobile phase was a mixture of water and acetonitrile with 0.1 % trifluoro acetic acid. Very small quantities of lysozyme were found in the Galleria mellonella biomass.

Nematodes are mostly root feeders living in soil and cause gradual yield reduction. The degree of damage depends on crop husbandry, nematode density and environmental conditions. The aim of current study was to monitor the external and internal symptoms of potato tubers taken from different locations and highlighting the importance of phytosanitary quality of planting material. The evaluation was performed by collecting 5 potato plants from 5 locations together with the soil from their rhizosphere. In the laboratory were analyzed: underground vegetative organs of plants - newly formed roots, stolons and tubers; extraterrestrial vegetative organs - stem, leaves; the soil in the rhizosphere of plants. During the vegetation period, no pathologies were observed neither in the above-ground nor in the underground part of the potato plants. After the storage period, a new selection was made and no symptomatic tubers were detected.

We evaluated the growth of 120 plants divided into two groups of 60 grown in an area of 1000 m2. The control group was hydrated with water, while the experimental group received water fortified with auxins. The experiment was carried out for twelve weeks during the dry season, and the amount of water per plant in each application was 250 mL. The planting area is located in the town of Burunga, district of Arraiján, which corresponds to the province of West Panama. A comparison of the control group with the experimental group was established using the Mann-Whitney U non-parametric inferential statistics test. Statistically significant differences were observed between the control and experimental groups in all measurements except that of 120 hours, demonstrating that water with auxins strengthens the growth of pigeon pea plants. Furthermore, there were statistically significant differences in the edophological properties between the control and experimental groups.

Cattle theileriosis, babesiosis and anaplasmosis are the most important abortive vector-borne diseases worldwide.The study aims to investigate the prevalence of cattle theileriosis, babesiosis and anaplasmosis, evaluate risk factors and estimate economic losses. Ticks were collected from each animal.This survey was performed between Jun and August 2017 on 55 dairy cattle farms of Medea region, north-central Algeria. It was concerned 103 cattle.Theileriosis, babesiosis and anaplasmosis were diagnosed in 72/103 (69.90%), 21/103 (20.38%) and 10/103 (9.70%), respectively. Cattle were revealed more infected with theileriosis (p

The aim of this study was to study the chemical composition and the antibacterial activity of the essential oil (EO) of Rosmarinus officinalis from Blida region, against bacterial strains: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermis and Pseudomanase fragi. The chemical composition of the EO obtained by hydrodistillation was determined using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity of the EO was studied by the disk diffusion method and the agar dilution method in order to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (CMB). The results obtained from this work show that the yield of rosemary EO was 1.6% respectively. The main compounds present in the essential oil of R. officinalis are 2-Bornanone (19.47%), Eucalyptol (18.58%), α-Pinene (9.14%) and Camphene (5.68%). The MIC and CMB values expressed by the essential oil of R. officinalis were identical as for P.fragi and S. epidermidis (MIC is equal to 0.37% and CMB> 3%) and for E .coli were 0.75% (MIC equals CMB). The results of this work confirmed the activity of the EOs of R. officinalis on the pathogenic bacterial strains tested and to recommend its exploitation for use as an alternative to industrial antibacterial molecules.

Mastitis is defined as inflammation of the mammary gland and is characterized by local and systemic symptoms that occasionally cause a general infection. This illness has a heavy impact on cows’ wellbeing and milk quality. The aims of this work were to evaluate the prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, identify the related risk factors, determine the role of Staphylococcus aureus in udder infection and its susceptibility to different antibiotic drugs. A total of 224 dairy cows from 28 farms were tested by the California mastitis test (CMT) for sub-clinical mastitis and by clinical examination for clinical mastitis. Positive samples were subjected to laboratory analysis. The results demonstrate a prevalence of 3.57% and 47.32% for mastitis and subclinical mastitis respectively. Parity, udder and leg hygiene, and stage of lactation have a significant relationship with subclinical mastitis. Staphylococcus aureus has been isolated from 12.5% of clinical mastitis and 24.52% of subclinical mastitis. Antibiotic susceptibility testing reveals a high resistance to penicillin G (66.6%). Tetracyclin (29.62%), Erythromycin (18.51%), Trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole (14.81%), enrofloxacin (11.11%), oxacillin (7.4%) and amoxicillin/clavulanate (3.7%). This result highlights the need to improve mastitis control measures among dairy cow farmers and the necessity to support responsible use of antibiotics in Algeria dairy farming.

The research was carried out in the Colina Farms dendrological nursery. A number of 140 ornamental dendrological species were tested by grafting. The selected species were Robinia pseudoacatia 'Umbraculifera', Acer campestre 'Globosum', Acer platanoides 'Crimson Sentri', Gleditsia triacanthos 'Sunbrust', Ulmus glabra 'Pendula', Tilia tomentosa 'Silver Globe', Carpinus betulus 'Fastigiata'. The purpose of the research was to assess the grafting method with sleeping buds and see if positive results can be obtained. For this reason, equal number of 20 species were grafted. Of the species mentioned above, each responded positively to the same procedure, with the exception of Ulmus glabra ‘Pendula’. From the results obtained it could be concluded that the multiplication of dendrological plants can be achieved with this method of grafting, which is generally a simple method, efficient and last but not least fast.

The objective of our work is the study of certain risk factors for infertility in dairy cows. It was carried out in the Tizi Ouzou region for the period from January 2020 to September 2020. This study is interested in establishing the link between repeated failures of artificial insemination and certain blood metabolites. Blood samples were taken shortly before artificial insemination for the determination of progesterone and certain metabolites: Glucose, cholesterol, beta-hydroxy-butyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (AGNE), urea, albumin, cortisol, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP). The descriptive analysis of the data revealed high frequencies of cows inseminated in luteal phase (28.89%), in negative energy balance (17.78%) and of stressed cows (46.67%), which had levels in elevated cortisol (22.96ng / ml). The concentrations of the metabolites in pregnant cows were within the limits of the reference values; on the other hand we recorded an increase in the non-pregnant ones. The relational study by principal component analysis (PCA), showed that the increase in the concentrations of some metabolites and the decrease of some others, were associated with a failure of artificial insemination. The correlation matrix shows positive correlations on the one hand, very highly significant between BHB and AGNE (r = 0.70), as well as between blood sugar and cortisol (r = 0.58); on the other hand highly significant between BHB and AST (r = 0.38). Significant positive correlations were observed between BHB contents and cholesterolemia (r = 0.30), cholesterolemia and cortisolemia (r = 0.29), AST and CRP (r = 0.36), AST and albuminemia( r = 0.36), AST and P4 (r = 0.36) and finally between P4 and albuminemia (r = 0.31). In addition, there is a highly significant negative correlation between the success of artificial insemination (gestation) and the levels of progesterone (r = - 0.33), cortisol (r = 0.38) and BHB (r = 0, 39). These results confirm that infertility is characterized by the multiplicity of factors involved.

Tendințele consumatorilor cu privire la un stil de viață sănătos și situații actuale de criză logistică împărțind industria alimentară să ofere soluții de sănătate care pot fi surse la nivel local. O astfel de sursă valoroasă este reprezentată de nucile care sunt o sursă bogată de nutrienți, minerale, antioxidanți și vitamine și pot fi găsite pe tot parcursul anului. Cuantificarea β-sitosterolului sa făcut folosind un UHPLC cu detector DAD. Curba de calibrare a fost realizată în 5 puncte de la 0,5-300 µg / ml și sa obținut un coeficient de corelație de 0,9996. Extracția sa făcut folosind hexan ca solvent. Precizia excelentă a fost dovedită de valorile ridicate de recuperare de 93,1%. Metoda a fost testată pe probe de nuci din Cluj și județul Alba.Sa constatat că nivelul β-sitosterolului este între 41,3-79,3 mg / 100 g.

The objective of this study is to estimate the seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii infections in cattle in the region of Jijel and to determine the risk factors likely to favor the infection of cattle by this bacterium. For this purpose, a seroepidemiological study was carried out. 184 serums samples of cattle from 90 different farms were analyzed by indirect ELISA technique. Information on individual animal and herd characteristics was collected. The results of the analysis revealed an individual seroprevalence of 15.76%. The study of the different risk factors (Age, breed) revealed no statistical relationship with Coxiella burnetii infection exception of the altitude factor which significantly influence the seroprevalence (p

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) occur as contaminants in different types of food mainly as a result of environmental pollution, food packaging and processing. The levels observed in food are determined by the source of the contamination. Food intake is the first route of contamination to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are potentially toxic compounds via ingestion. The current investigation was performed to evaluate the PAH levels in Prunus spinosa compounds. The extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was performed by ultrasound-assisted and solid-phase methods. PAHs content is usually higher in products grown near roadways or in urban areas than in rural environments. Trace level of compounds such as naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene have been found in almost every analyzed sample.

Potatoes were introduced from South America to Europe in the second half of the sixteenth century and subsequently spread globally. Its most devastating pathogen (Phytophthora infestans), which causes potato late blight, was introduced to North America and Europe in the 1840s and this led to major disease epidemics with horrific human consequences. Genetic transformation is a fast and efficient way to introduce different late blight R genes into an existing variety (Jo et al., 2014 ). The main principle of cisgenesis concept was that the genes or gene elements should be derived from the species itself. One or more genes of interest from a donor plant which is a sexual relative of the target plant are rapidly introgressed into a recipient plant with its own promoter and terminator. Many wild potato species contain resistance genes (R-genes) which encode proteins that confer resistance to late blight through hypersensitive responses.

The paper studied an area of interest belonging to Chinteni locality, Cluj county, from the point of view of the urban and extra-urban land surfaces, respectively of the constructions registered in the Land Book. The image of the photogrammetric flight was taken from the Google Earth Pro program, with the geographical coordinates, which were transformed into 1970 Stereographic coordinates through the TransDatRO application. Using the ArcGIS program, we highlighted the chosen area in cadastral sectors, buildings and plots to which we assigned the corresponding categories of use. Following the data processing, the attribute tables were analyzed regarding the total number of registered property bodies in each sector, the owners who own them, the categories of use and the cadastral numbers. Following the analyzed data, it is observed that in the studied area the percentage of tabulated buildings (250696,382 m2) is higher than those not tabulated (131151,732 m2). Cadastral numbers were assigned using a sporadic cadastre, also the constructions under study are positioned in sector III (3 constructions).

The paper refers to the thickening of the geometric geodesic levelling network in Bistriţa Municipality, with normal altitudes. In this sense, the corrections due to the non-parallelism of the level surfaces and the gravity anomaly are applied to the measured level differences. For higher order geodetic geometric levelling networks made over large areas, it is mandatory to apply transition corrections from the measured elements at normal altitudes. When applying gravimetric anomaly corrections, it is necessary to perform gravimetric measurements on the levelling lines. In order for the value of the applied corrections to be optimal, the distance between the gravimetric points must not exceed 3-4 Km. The special problem for the homogenization of the corrections obtained over time requires the choice of the calculation relation of the normal gravity, depending on the ellipsoid used and the application of the calculation of the transition calculation to the Gravimetric System 1971. To avoid recording errors and increase work efficiency, it is recommended to use digital levels for automatic data download to the PC.

Modern society needs new models of development management that will lead to a global adaptation to the growing threats of increased environmental degradation and living conditions. These models include sustainable development, the green economy, the bioeconomy, the circular economy. For the effective application of these models, the level of development of each area must be known in order to determine priorities and solutions. To this end, a model for assessing the level of development is proposed on the basis of indicative indicators resulting from the revenue and expenditure budget of the territorial administrative units.

The aim of our research is to study the impact of type of rabbit breeding and category of animals on the presence and intestinal parasites frequency in rabbits and examined a variability of these frequencies among females. The first breeding is of rational farm (RAT) and the second one is traditional farm (FER). The rabbit breeding, were located in the region of Tizi-Ouzou in Algeria. The parasitological diagnosis, which consisted of coprological analyses carried out in the physiology laboratory of our University. It allowed revealing and quantifying the presence of helminthic eggs and coccidian, in the droppings and intestinal contents of the rabbit. The analysis of the droppings of 99 rabbits, including 18 females and 81 rabbits in fattening revealed the presence of three species of parasites: Passalurusambiguus, Eimeria sp and Strongyloides sp. Their frequencies vary according to the type of rearing, the type of animals and the sampling number. The improvement of the breeding conditions in rational breeding has allowed observing a lower infestation of rabbits.

Butcher's meat and its offal intended for human consumption are subject to mandatory sanitary inspection at the slaughterhouse level by veterinary inspectors. Our objective is to determine the main reasons for seizures at the Biskra slaughterhouse during a three-month period with a number of 2303 slaughtered animals (sheep and goats). We noted 975 seizures (42.33%), mostly sheep (46.20%) (p

People are engaged to nature from the begging of time, and the perception of space and surrounding was possible through the five human senses. Several research studies show that the landscape design can influence wellbeing, also gardening activities have a good effect on health conditions. The present study purpose was to design a sensory layout using perennials in a landscape architecture project proposal carried out at UASVM in Cluj-Napoca. Using a selection of a varies ornamentals, the perennials are a good choice in terms of landscape sustainability.

Advances in veterinary ophthalmology in recent decades are primarily due to the development of eyeball examination techniques. One of the most advanced, non-invasive, non-contact, and high-resolution techniques is optical coherence tomography (OCT). With this technique, cross-sectional, in vivo images are provided, bringing new insights into the examination of eyeball structures. This technique complements the information provided by the clinical and paraclinical ophthalmic examination. Due to the structural complexity of the eyeball, the imaging examination plays an important role in diagnosing various ocular pathologies and monitoring these pathologies after interventional actions. This study aimed to present and apply this new method of eyeball examination in veterinary medicine for the diagnosis and monitoring of ocular disorders. The objectives of this study were to present the functioning elements, the working method of the tomograph, and the technique of examining the eye in dogs, as well as the analysis and interpretation of the changes found on the image obtained. The biological material used in this study consisted of 18 dogs of different ages and sexes. Eyeball examination was performed using the IVue-100 optical coherence tomography. The results are presented in the form of OCT images of normal and pathological aspects of the eyeball identified in the dogs consulted such as keratoglobus, corneal ulcer, corneal edema, retinal cyst, retinal edema In conclusion, examination of the eyeball with optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a highly accurate technique for observing the physiological or pathological condition of the eyeball.

The objective of the article is to highlight the necessity and vital importance of conducting applied marketing research in the field of food industry. Focusing on identifying the perceptions and behavior of target customers towards meat products, by revealing their thought processes and buying intentions. This data is essential for the meat processors and producers who faced a decline in demand during the pandemic period and are now faced with the need to adapt their marketing strategies. The survey was done on a swatch of 1000 subjects, all target customers from Transylvania, selected by a nonrandom method - accessibility. The instrument used was the questionnaire. The pretest phase was conducted on a sample of 50 respondents. After this stage, the final structure of the questionnaire was obtained. The questionnaire development was centered on the research objectives and hypotheses. The objective of the survey is to identify the customers knowledge and attitudes towards meat products.

This study aimed to determine the essential elements (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Co, Cu, Cr, Mn, Mo, Se, Fe, and Zn) and non-essential elements (Al, Cd, Ni, Pb, and As) in some commercial Chlorella and Spirulina products available in Romania. The Pb content in the analyzed food supplements did not exceed the maximum content of 3.0 mg/kg set by the European Commission. Also, the Cd content in all studied supplements was below the limit of detection (0.1 mg/kg) and did not exceed the maximum level of 1.0 mg/kg. The Ni and As contents were found in small amounts in the supplements. Al content in Spirulina supplements was 21.67 and 65.73 mg/kg, respectively, higher than in Chlorella supplements (1.69 mg/kg and

The bioecological peculiarities of growth, development and cultivation of Prinsepia sinensis (Oliv.) Kom. have been studied and described. This shrub multiplies generatively and vegetatively – by lignified cuttings and by division. The optimal and most cost-effective method of multiplication was sowing fresh seeds, in early autumn, at a depth of 2-3 cm. The germination capacity of the seeds sown in autumn varied in the research years and was on average 60-70%, and of those sown in spring after stratification – only 40-50% depending on the weather conditions and the techniques applied during the growing season. The researched species is appreciated for its ornamental qualities, particularly in early spring, when it produces numerous bright yellow flowers of unique beauty, and in early autumn – with hanging branches full of dark red fruits.

Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) is one of the most important species among conifers in Europe, which provide valuable raw material for forest industries and also plays an important role in the society and economy. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to monitor the influence of environmental conditions (climatic and soil conditions) upon diverse phenotypic traits of spruce trees (height, diameter, canopy diameter) from four seed preserves situated in different parts of Romania, including the Counties of Bistrița-Năsăud, Maramureș, Harghita and Suceava. For this purpose, the weather conditions were recorded and four different soil profiles were evaluated.The results show that, when temperature and precipitation values together with soil type and profile thickness are in accordance with spruce growth conditions, the phenotypic traits reach their optimum. Therefore, the highest values for tree height (36,63 m), tree diameter (46,53 cm) and average tree volume (2,57 m3) were recorded in Măria Mică on Eutricambosol soil type on 92 cm soil profile thickness, followed by Făina location were Districambosol was determined in depth of 105 cm. preserve.

The purpose of this paper is to examine consumer insight and understanding towards the sustainability of agro-food products certified with EU quality schemes from the perspective of the three pillars: environmental, social, and economic. This review paper is based on analyzing the specialized literature through a search method. Using a predefined set of keywords, a search was conducted in the leading scientific databases, such as Web of Science (WOS), Google Scholar, and Scopus. The findings reveal that EU-certified food products have been awarded by consumers an impressive score in terms of environmental, social, and economic roles, the agricultural products certified with EU quality schemes being highly regarded from all three viewpoints. This review will benefit as an outset for actors such as farmers, retailers, and authorities to implement consumer information campaigns to assist them in making correct and healthy choices regarding food purchases. This study may have some limitations. The sustainability of products labelled with EU quality schemes is delivered from the consumers' perspective. As future research directions, the sustainability of such products could be examined from the perspective of some technological indicators, such as price, carbon footprint, water footprint, employment ratio and others.

Water intended for human consumption called drinking water must have a neutral pH, that is a pH value of 7. Below this pH value, the water is considered acidic; above this value it becomes alkaline. The pH value range tolerated by the human body is between 6.5 and 9. Alkaline water with pH values between 8.0 and 9.5 is considered one of the best types of drinking water due to its hydrating, detoxifying, and antioxidant effect. This study aimed to follow the biological effect of alkaline water consumption on body weight, blood glucose, and some blood biochemical parameters in a population of 20 rats. Rats were divided into two equal groups, a control group, and an experimental group. Both groups of rats were given 300 ml of water 3 times a day for 40 days. The rats in the control group received tap water from the mains and the rats in the experimental group received alkaline water with a pH of 8.5. Analysis of the physicochemical parameters of the two types of water revealed that their values do not exceed the maximum allowed according to the drinking water quality standards, except for the chloride values and the temporary hardness in alkaline water. The values obtained were analyzed and statistically interpreted and showed that consumption of alkaline water with pH 8.5 does not affect usual water intake, body mass values, and biochemical parameters; it does not produce systemic adverse effects, having a hypoglycaemic, antioxidant, and immunostimulatory effect.

The fastest and most accurate quantification of vitamins in food is due to the increasingly strict requirements of food regulatory agents. Quantification of B vitamins was done using a UHPLC with a DAD detector. The extraction was done using hexane as solvent. The study was conducted to determine vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B6 content from 4 vegetables: Spinach (Spinacia oleracea), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea), Brocolli ( Brassicaceae), and Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) by UHPLC. These vegetables can be exploited as a source of the vitamin B complex. The analysis of the B vitamin content of vegetables could serve as a means of calculating the dietary intake of B vitamins. Using this method, the complex of B vitamins studied, as shown in the chromatogram, were eluted with retention times between 0,667-5,992 min. The highest concentration of vitamin B1 is found in beans (0,26mg/100g), vitamins B2 and B3 were found in spinach (0,196mg/100g, respectively 0,872 mg/100g ), and vitamin B6 in broccoli (0,247mg/100g).

In the natural evolution of life, a multitude of human settlements and, at the same time, as many types of attitudes towards nature have emerged and developed over the centuries. The way and pace at which man intervenes in the natural environment reveals a kind of involution in the understanding of nature generated by a lack of respect for it. In the early days, man lived in complete harmony with nature, the pragmatism of everyday life gradually leading to his estrangement from the essence of nature. The process of urbanisation can bring about major changes that lead to the loss of identity in some landscapes. But change can also be creative, not just destructive. It can create new values, new resources, new dimensions, new experiences, new relationships with familiar and unfamiliar elements, an understanding of the world and our place in it. And this is where creative people from different fields come in, doing all these things using their knowledge, making observations, analyses, documenting, planning and finally designing. This is why it is important to perceive the landscape as a necessary action in the work of landscaping it or creating new ones.

Due to the specific climate, the territory of Romania is frequently affected by floods. This work aims to highlight the way in which the main hydrological parameters of the Somesul Mic River are taken and processed, at its entrance into the Cluj-Napoca Municipality, in order to combat the phenomenon of flooding. The hydrometric station, which is a component part of the Somesul Mic hydropower complex, has the role of controlling the regime of the waters coming for the most part after the processing carried out by the upstream hydropower plants. This regime consists of determinations related to: water level and depth, flow rate, liquid and solid flows, water temperature, evaporation from the water surface, measurements on meteorological elements, collection of water samples for physical-chemical analyses. Within the automatic station there is the zonal dispatcher from the Somesul Mic hydrographic basin. Its centralized system consists of a software package implemented on a networkable IBM PC computer called "HIDROSIS" for the purpose of monitoring basin parameters (levels, temperatures, precipitation and water quality).

The fundamental objective of this study was to determine the variation over time of the heavy metal content in mint (Mentha Spicata) by the ICP-MS technique. The seeds of the mint plant were grown in the laboratory, each in 2 different pots (a control soil sample polluted with metals and a soil sample contaminated with metals but improved with natural zeolite). At the end of the vegetation period, all parts of the plant (root, leaves, stem, and flowers) were left to dry at room temperature for 2-3 weeks; then, they were finely ground and weighed to determine the metal content. The results show that the studied zeolite can be used as an amendment to reduce the range of heavy metals in the polluted soil, the presence of the zeolite leading to the reduction of the transfer of these metals from the contaminated soil to the plants.

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of Spirulina spp. extracts on tomato and onion seeds germination. The tomato and onion seeds were soaked in different Spirulina spp. extracts for 5 days. The relative seeds germination (RSG), relative root growth (RRG), germination index (GI), germination rate (GR), and germination potential (GP) were calculated. GR reached 86.7 % for the tomato seeds treated with 0.2 g/100 mL, followed by 80.0 % for the tomato seeds treated with 0.4 g/100 mL and 66.7 % for the tomato seeds treated with 0.6 g/100 mL and 0.8 g/100 mL extract. For onion seeds, the highest GR value (40.0 %) was obtained for the seeds treated with 0.4 g/100 mL extract, while the lowest (20.0 %) was obtained for the seeds treated with 0.6 g/100 mL and 0.8 g/100 mL extract. The highest GI for tomato seeds, after 5 days, was 50.0 % (0.2 g/100 mL extract), followed by 40.4 % (0.4 g/100 mL extract), 24.0 % (0.6 g/100 mL extract), while the lowest value was 14.4 % (0.8 g/100 mL extract). The GI for onion seeds, after 5 days, was 33.3 % for 0.2 g/100 mL extract, 40.0 % for 0.4 g/100 mL extract, 20.0 % for 0.6 g/100 mL extract and 13.3 % for 0.8 g/100 mL extract.

The mine drainage with high concentrations of metals and other pollutants has a negative impact on the environment. Phycoremediation using algae as decontamination agents offers an alternative to conventional treatments. The present study investigated the suitability of Chlorella vulgaris for mine drainage decontamination, as well as the removal efficiency of metals ions. The toxicity of mine drainage before and after treatment was assessed by germination experiments using tomato, onion, mustard, beans, sunflower, wheat, and corn seeds. The results revealed that Chlorella vulgaris was able to remove high amounts of metals. The highest removal efficiencies were recorded for Pb (90.0 %), Al (93.1 %), Ni (96.6 %), Cr (100.0 %) and Fe (100.0 %). Mine drainage treated with Chlorella vulgaris showed a positive effect on germination indices, with mean values of germination index (GI) between 67.9 % for tomato and 91.7 % for mustard. Relative seed germination (RSG) for the tested seeds ranged from 80.0 % for tomato to 100.0 % for onion, mustard, beans, sunflower, and corn, while relative root growth (RRG) ranged between 76.5 % for sunflower and 92.5 % for wheat. These results highlighted the suitability of Chlorella vulgaris for metals removal from mine drainage with positive effects on seed germination and plant growth (GI > 67.9 %).

Seeds of Acacia tortilis var raddiana and A. nilotica var adstringens harvested from the Hoggar (Algerian Sahara) were tested for germination under 3 abiotic constraints usually present in their biotope, i.e. thermal, salt and osmotic stress. Results showed a different behavior of the two species. Germination speed is better for A. tortilis in all situations. Germination rate under tested temperatures was similar for both species except 15°C which revealed obviously unfavorable on A. nilotica germination which dropped from a high of 96.6% at 40°C to a low of 11% at 15°C while that of A. tortilis slightly decreased from 92% at 40°C to 80% at 15°C. Regarding germination behavior under salt stress, A. tortilis maintained 21% of germination under a salt concentration of 350mM while seeds of A. nilotica did not germinate at concentrations above 150 mM suggesting a better tolerance of the former species to salt stress. The same trend applies also in the case osmotic stress with A. tortilis maintaining a germination rate of 26.7% at a PEG-6000 concentration of 240g/l while A. nilotica showed a germination rate of 21% at a much lower PEG-6000 concentration, i.e. 40g/l. These results indicate a greater adaptive capacity of A. tortilis in the face of environmental constraints and may partially explain its wider distribution in the Algerian Sahara. These results contribute to a better understanding of the germination behavior of these two species in a perspective of their in situ and/or ex situ propagation.

Cucurbita okeechobeensis martinezii (L.H. Bailey) is an endangered wild species from Mexico. To contribute to its conservation, we conducted a search for specimens in three areas of the cloud forest in Veracruz, Mexico. A completely randomized design was established to evaluate the morphometric variation, the viability of the seeds from the different locations and the effects of three spectra of LED light on their germination in vitro, using Murashige and Skoog medium with 2 mgL-1 of gibberellic acid. (GA3). Differences were detected in morphological and seed viability between the evaluated sites. The highest values of seed length and viability were observed at the San Marcos site. The positive effect of the red LED light spectrum on the germination percentage and the growth of germinated seedlings in vitro was confirmed. These results can contribute to the conservation and propagation of this valuable genetic resource.