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The growth-inhibition activity of 2-alkenals (1a~h), bisenals (2a~o), ω-hydroxyalkadienals (3a~o), ω-hydroxy-2-alkenals (4a~e), an enon-enal (5a), bisenones (5b~h) and vinylketones (6, 7) against Rhodotorula gracilis was compared. In the case of the bisenals and bisenones, enhanced activity compared with the monoenals (1a~g) and vinylketones (6, 7), respectively, was observed. Both compounds showed growth-inhibition activity when the space between the carbon atoms with a formal positive charge was equivalent with thirteen to fifteen or sixteen carbon atoms. In the case of ω-hyldroxyalkadienals, higher activity than that of the monoalkenals (1a~g) and ω-hydroxy-2-alkenals (4a~e) was observed. The reason for these results are discussed.

Aliphatic bisenals (1a~n), ω-hydroxydienals (2a~n), ω-hydroxy-2-alkenals (3a~d), vinylketones (4a, b), an enon-enal (4c) and three geometric isomers of aliphatic bisenones (5a~g) were synthesized in order to study the relationship between the structure and microbicidal activity.

Three peptides, αsk1, αsk2 and αsk3 pheromones, have been isolated as α-mating pheromones of Saccharomyces kluyveri, the primary structure of the main active component, αsk2 pheromone, having already been determined. The unknown N-terminus of αsk1 pheromone was elucidated to be 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (β-CAR) by mass and NMR spectrometric analyses. Synthetic β-CAR-His-Trp-OH was identical with N-terminal tripeptide fragment obtained from αsk1 pheromone, and the primary structure of αsk1 pheromone was determined as β-CAR-His-Trp-Leu-Ser-Phe-Ser-Lys-Gly-Glu-Pro-Met(O)-Tyr-OH. The amino acid sequence of αsk3 pheromone was determined as H-Trp-His-Trp-Leu-Ser-Phe-Ser-Lys-Gly-Glu-Pro-Met-OH by comparing the enzymatic fragments with those of αsk2 pheromone.

Three peptides, αsk1, αsk2 and αsk3 pherornones, have been isolated as α-mating pheromones of Saccharomyces kluyveri, the primary structure of the main active component, αsk2 pheromone, having already been determined. The unknown N-terminus of αsk1 pheromone was elucidated to be l, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-β-carbolme-3-carboxylic acid (β-CAR) by mass and NMR spectrometric analyses. Synthetic β-CAR-His-Trp-OH was identical with N-terminal tripeptide fragment obtained from αsk1 pheromone, and the primary structure of αsk1 pheromone was determined as β-CAR-His-Trp-Leu-Ser-Phe-Ser-Lys-Gly-Glu-Pro-Met(O)-Tyr-OH. The amino acid sequence of αsk3 pheromone was determined as H-Trp-His-Trp-Leu-Ser-Phe-Ser-Lys-Gly-Glu-Pro-Met-OH by comparing the enzymatic fragments with those of αsk2 pheromone.

Arthrobacter paraffineus KY 4303, when grown on sucrose as the sole carbon source, produced novel glycolipids, either of which was different from trehalose lipid produced from n-alkane by the same microorganism. Two kinds of glycolipids were isolated by chromatography on silicic acid columns. Major components of these lipids were sucrose and α-branched β-hydroxy fatty acid. One of the lipid (SL–1, having high polarity) was identified as 6-O-monofattyacyl glucosly-β-fructoside. Another (SL–2, having low polarity) was partly characterized as sucrose ester of at least two moles of the fatty acid.Formation of sucrose lipids was also demonstrated in sucrose-grown cells of several microorganisms of Corynebacteria, Nocardia and Brevibacteria, which were isolated as hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria and could produce a considerable amount of trehalose lipid from n-alkane.