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The knowledge of interactions among crop genotypes, soil types, and crop management is essential for precision agriculture. This paper explores these interactions through the analysis of 27 years of winter wheat trials, with 276 unique varieties tested across seven distinct soil types and more than 8000 plots. The study investigates how different winter wheat crop varieties respond to varying soil types and preceding crops. The findings revealed a significant interaction between variety, soil type, and preceding crop. With only a few exceptions, the highest-yielding varieties were predominantly the most recently developed. The ranking of the varieties exhibited inconsistency across the various soil types, implying that a variety yields differently when cultivated in different soil types. Furthermore, the influence of preceding crops on yield varied with soil type. This suggests that taking field-specific soil variation and the preceding crop into account during variety selection may improve the yield potential. Furthermore, the study highlights consistent yield increases due to advancements in breeding programs, with yearly increases ranging from 0.05 to 0.1 t/ha per year across all soil types. Integration of insights from genetics, soil attributes, and management practices demonstrates how farmers can increase productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A proper understanding of cultivar adaptation to different environments is of great relevance in agronomy and plant breeding. As wheat is the most important crop in Poland, with a total of about 22% of the total sown area, the study of its performance in environments with different productivity levels for consequent cultivar recommendation is of major importance. In this paper, we assess the relative performance of winter wheat cultivars in environments with different productivity and propose a method for cultivar recommendation, by considering the information of environmental conditions and drought stress. This is performed in the following steps: (1) calculation of expected wheat productivity, depending on environmental factors, (2) calculation of relative productivity of cultivars in the environments, and (3) recommendation of cultivars of a specific type and range of adaptation. Soil and weather conditions were confirmed as the most important factors affecting winter wheat yield. The weather factors should be considered rather in shorter (e.g., 10 day) than longer (e.g., 60 day) time periods and in relation to growth stages. The ANCOVA model with genotype and management intensity as fixed factors, and soil and weather parameters as covariates was proposed to assess the expected wheat productivity in particular environments and the expected performance of each genotype (cultivar). The recommendation of cultivars for locations of specified productivity was proposed based on the difference between the expected cultivar yield and the mean wheat productivity, and compared with the Polish official cultivar recommendation list. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]