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Ratooning rice is an essential rice-planting method. However, mechanical harvesting of the primary rice crop, while increasing efficiency, can negatively affect the yield of ratooning rice. Therefore, it is crucial to find ways to improve the grain yield of ratooning rice after the mechanical harvest of the primary rice. A two-year field experiment was conducted; the grain yield of ratooning rice was assessed by stubble righting after mechanical harvesting of primary rice. The study used two popular rice cultivars, YLiangyou911 and Kenliangyou801, as experimental materials. The experimental treatments included three groups: one without righting after rolling rice stubble (CK), another with mechanized righting after rolling rice stubble (T1), and a third one without rolling rice stubble by the machine (T2). The results of the study demonstrate that stubble righting after the mechanical harvest of primary rice (T1) had a substantial impact on the grain yield of ratooning rice. It led to grain yields similar to ratooning rice without mechanical rolling of the rice stubble (T2) and significantly outperformed the treatment without stubble righting after the mechanical harvest of primary rice (CK). The study observed significant effects of the year of the experiment (Y), the treatment applied (T), and the interaction between year and treatment (Y×T) on grain yield. Additionally, the treatment showed a significant influence on the yield components. Specifically, in 2021, the T1 and T2 treatments showed remarkable grain yield increases in YLiangyou911 by 107.41% and 147.97%, respectively, compared to CK. For Kenliangyou801 in 2021, the T1 and T2 treatments also resulted in notable improvements in grain yield by 45.85% and 114.26%, respectively. Similarly, in 2022, the grain yield increased by 6.99% for T1 and 23.87% for T2 in YLiangyou911, and by 77.23% for T1 and 187.13% for T2 in Kenliangyou801, compared to CK. The study also detected enhancements in several aspects, including biomass accumulation, solar radiation and photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant response and nitrogen metabolism, and bud-regeneration capacity due to T1 and T2 treatments. Furthermore, correlation analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between grain yield and the investigated parameters. In conclusion, stubble righting after the mechanical harvest of primary rice resulted in significantly improved grain yield for ratooning rice. This improvement can be attributed to enhanced biomass accumulation, solar radiation and photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant response and nitrogen metabolism, and increased bud-regeneration capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]