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This study aims to analyze the evolution of winter wheat production, between 1996 and 2018, under the influence of 25 fertilization combinations with nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen fertilizers applied have graduations of 0,30,60,90 and 120 kg active substance/ha, and of phosphorus 0, 40,80,120 and 160 kg of active substance/ha. The research carried out on a typical chernozem in the West of Romania showed that the fertilizers are well used by the winter wheat crop. During the 1996-2018 period, the influence of chemical fertilizers with nitrogen and phosphorus has been studied in a 3 years rotation (soya bean-wheatmaize). Unilateral application of nitrogen and phosphorus bring production increases within the range 573 kg grains/ha - 1016 kg/ha, nitrogen and 282 kg grains/ha - 998 kg/ha, phosphorus. The obtained results highlight the fundamental role of the combined application of the two types of fertilizers. The optimal dose of fertilizer, from an economic point of view is N88P122, with a production of 6866 kg wheat/ha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was carried out in the Banat plain area, characterized by the uneven distribution of rainfall during the vegetation period. The experimental device applied included three types of simple mixtures (Lolium perenne 50% + Festuca pratensis 50%, Lolium perenne 50% + Trifolium repens 50%, Lolium perenne 50% + Lotus corniculatus 50%) and a complex mixture (Lolium perenne 30% + Festuca pratensis 30% + Trifolium repens 20% + Lotus corniculatus 20%) used both by mowing and grazing directly with sheep. The fertilization was carried out uniformly, at all experimental variants (200 kg/ha of complex fertilizers was applied at the establishment, and during the vegetation a dose of N150 was applied in fractions, before the vegetation started and after each mowing or grazing cycle). The grazing variants was carried out with young males sheep of Ţurcana breed. The floral composition of temporary grassland reacts differently to the valorification methods (mowing and grazing) because the morphological and ecophysical peculiarities of the grass and legume species are different. In case of simple mixtures, Lolium perenne is very competitive in blends with Festuca pratensis with a share of 52% in mowed variants, and 73% in grazing variants. Perennial grasses and legumes used for the simple and complex mixtures were: Timis 81 (Lolium perenne), Tampa (Festuca pratensis), Danitim (Trifolium repens), Dragotim (Lotus corniculatus). In the two years of production, the complex blend recorded the highest production of dry matter, in both uses, under conditions of balanced floral ratio between the component species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]