This study focuses on textile production in the Central Plateau of the Province of Chubut (Patagonia Argentina). This kind of textile production is similar to the one practiced by the ancient inhabitants of the Patagonia region, which is described in historic documents of the 16th Century. Using a combination of ethnographic and historical research methods, I study the main characteristics of current textile production in the Patagonia region, and how these are firmly rooted in the past. In this paper I discuss the technical and instrumental details of textile production, how it is transmitted through generations, and its importance for the economy of the families who practice it, both in the present and in the past. I also examine how identity is created in the process of textile production. I adopt a structuralist perspective on the analysis of textile production, and I depart from a primordialist and static concept of culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]