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The study assessed and compared bacterial vaginosis (BV) prevalence in Thai women in reproductive age in four study groups - group 1, HIV-positive with copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD); group 2, HIV-positive without Cu-IUD; group 3, HIV-negative with Cu-IUD; and group 4, HIV-negative without Cu-IUD. We conducted a cross-sectional study. BV prevalence was assessed by Nugent score and Amsel criteria. Descriptive statistics was used to present baseline characteristics; kwallis rank test - to compare variables between the four groups; logistic regression - to assess factors, related to BV prevalence. The analysis included 137 women in the four study groups with a median age of 39 years. Median BV prevalence by Nugent score was 45%, intermediate vaginal flora - 7% and normal vaginal flora - 48%. There was no statistically significant difference in the BV prevalence between the four study groups, p = 0.711. Threefold lower BV prevalence was found, assessed by Amsel criteria compared to Nugent score. Women with body mass index (BMI) < 20 had higher probability to have BV or intermediate vaginal flora, OR = 3.11, 95% CI (1.2-8.6), p = 0.025. The study found a high BV prevalence in the four study groups, related neither to HIV status, nor to Cu-IUD use. BV prevalence was associated only with low BMI. Thus, Cu-IUD could be a good contraceptive choice for HIV-positive women. Research in defining normal vaginal microbiota and improve diagnostic methods for BV should continue.