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The vehicle bogies of Shanghai metro line 1 began to crack just in the third year after the trains operated. More than 50 cracks occurred in the succeeding six year during the train operation. This paper evaluated the safety of the motorized bogies. First, the loading conditions imposed on the vehicle structure were calculated based on the measured data in service of the train, and compared with the original design load. Then, this paper calculated simulated the stress of the vehicle bogie by 3D FEM, and presented the distribution of every stress concentration point in Goodman fatigue diagram. The computational locations of the strength less than the safety are agreed with where cracks have happened. Finally, this paper calculated the fatigue life of the motor bracket of the bogie through S-N curve based on revised Miner theory. In conclusion, this paper think that the bogie cracks of Shanghai metro line 1 are contributed by the overburden fatigue load, and ignoring the lateral vibration load in the design of the vehicle bogie is the important cause that bogie cracks occurred far earlier than in the designed time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Picoplankton are the component of plankton in the size range 0.2-2.0 micrometers, because of their sensitivity to the water environmental change, they can be effectively used as early indicators of eutrophication. This paper is focusing on the relative and absolute abundance of picoplankton in different eutrophic status freshwater bodies. The distribution of picoplankton (Prochlorococcus, Picoeukaryotes and heterotrophic bacteria) in Chenhang Reservior, Dianshan Lake, the middle section of Huangpu River and Bailianjing River which represent different eutrophic status was studied during May to June, 2009. According to the traditional definition for the eutrophication of lakes (reservoirs), The Chenhang Reservoir and Dianshan Lake represented a mesotrophic condition and a light eutrophic condition, respectively. While the middle reach of Huangpu River and Bailianjing River represented a mesoeutrophic and hypereutrophic state, respectively. In Chenhang Reservoir and Dianshan Lake, Prochloroccus and Picoeukaryotes were both found, the orders of magnitude of Prochloroccus and Picoeukaryotes cell abundances in both waters were 105 ind/mL and 103 ind/mL, respectively. In the middle reach of Huangpu River and Bailianjing River, only Picoeukaryotes were detected, and the orders of rmagnitude of Picoeukaryotes cell abundances were 103 ind/mL. The orders of magnitude of heterotrophic bacteria cell abundances in four fresh water systems were among 105-105 ind/mL. So it could be conclude that Prochloroccus was dominant in mesotrophic and light eutrophic water, while in mesoeutrophic or hypereutrophic water, Picoeukaryotes was the dominant species. The cell abundances of autotrophic picoplankton in the Middle reach of Huangpu River and Bailianjing River were lower than that of in Chenhang Reservoir and Dianshan Lake. However, the biomass percentage of picoplankton to total phytoplankton increased by the increasing eutrophication status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) is a 3.5-GeV third-generation light source. The facility has been open for user experiments since May, 2009. This high-brightness x-ray source is an ideal platform for x-ray microscopy. Presently, SSRF has three beamlines related to x-ray microscopy or imaging, namely the soft x-ray spectromicroscopy beamline (STXM), the hard x-ray microfocusing beamline, and the x-ray imaging beamline. The construction of SSRF phase-II beamlines will be carried out during 2011-2017. Seven additional beamlines for x-ray microscopy or imaging will be built. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GIS technology provides a good solution to assess urban carbon balance assessment and inform effective policy design to reduce anthropogenic atmospheric carbon dioxide. This study proposes a carbon balance assessment method by combining IPCC inventory approach and Geodatabase technology. Using this method we propose a framework of Common but Differentiated Policy Design (CDPD) to reduce urban carbon emissions. The case study of Shanghai shows that central downtown emits less carbon than suburb areas both in total carbon emission and per capita levels. Luwan district has the minimum value of 384.6 thousand tons carbon equivalent (carbon-eq), equal to 1.41 million t carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eq), in total carbon emissions. And Putuo district has the minimum value of 0.74 t carbon-eq (equal to 2.71 t CO2-eq) at per capita level. Pudong New Area has the maximum value both in total carbon emissions and emissions per capita, 14.78 million t carbon-eq (equal to 54.19 million t CO2-eq) and 5.18 t carbon-eq per capita (equal to 18.99 t CO2-eq per capita) respectively. According to the calculation results of carbon emissions and sinks, Chongming is the only one which achieves regional carbon balance. Carbon emissions in central downtown mainly come from tertiary/service industries, while secondary industries emit more carbons in suburbs. Based on the CDPD framework, it is recommended that carbon emissions reduction in central downtown Shanghai focus on tertiary industries and household sectors, while suburb areas focus on reducing secondary industry emission and building carbon sinks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants that may lead to mutagenesis, carcinogenesis or teratogenesis. Vehicular traffic pollution is one of the important sources for PAHs in soils. Concentrations of 19 PAHs were detected in soils along nine roads in Shanghai by automatic Soxhlet extraction and high performance liquid chromatography. Concentration and spatial distribution of PAHs in surface soils beside nine target roads in Shanghai were investigated and a preliminary migration regularity of PAHs was proposed based on data analysis of Cheting Highway (NO.320 Chinese National Highway). The result showed that the total concentrations of PAHs in the target roadside soils ranged from undetectable to 34.6μg/g-dw, with a mean of 7.77μg/g-dw. In comparison with the level of PAHs in urban or suburban roadside soils, the results showed significantly that Σ PAHs concentration in roadside soils inside industrial areas was higher. The study on the migration regularity of PAHs in soils along roads demonstrated that surface runoff had a more significant effect on the PAHs transportation than air-borne transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) is designed to be an advanced third generation light source and is now under construction. The SSRF comprises four major parts: a 3.5GeV electron storage ring, a full energy booster, a 150MeV linac, and an array of beamlines ranging from infrared light to hard x-rays. The construction of SSRF started at the end of year 2004, and its accelerator complex has been evolved smoothly towards a cost-effective machine. Construction and commissioning should be completed by the middle of 2009. At that time first seven beamlines, five ID beamlines and two bending magnet beamlines, are anticipated for user operation. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]