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The impact of construction activities on the environment has become a significant global concern due to the environmental degradation caused by the development of construction projects and activities. Noise pollution, water pollution, and air pollution are some of the types of pollution caused by construction activities, which can lead to serious health and environmental consequences. This review paper aims to examine the various types of pollution that occur during different construction activities in construction projects. In addition, this paper also focuses on the impact of concrete batching plant operations on the environment and the techniques that can be used to minimize these impacts. Concrete batching plants have been identified as one of the significant contributors to environmental pollution due to the dust, noise, and exhaust emissions generated during their operation. This paper highlights the importance of adopting appropriate pollution control measures to minimize the impact of concrete batching plant operations on the environment. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the need to provide a better working environment for onsite workers and minimize the health impact on nearby communities. The use of advanced technologies and eco-friendly practices can contribute significantly to reducing the impact of construction activities on the environment. Overall, this paper provides valuable insights into the impact of construction activities on the environment and highlights the importance of adopting sustainable practices in the construction industry to protect the environment and promote a healthier and safer living environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional automobiles utilize fossil fuels to ensure good performance and long reach. Here the major issue is the exhaustion of fossil fuels resources on the Earth, and the issue of atmospheric pollution due to motor vehicles, this motivates to look for replacement energy to propel the vehicle. One of the effective ways to propel the vehicles is by introducing the electric motor and battery to run the electric motor. An extensive database of passenger electric vehicles compiled by IDTechEx is further used to determine trends in battery packs and cell energy density, energy capacity, cell geometry, cell chemistry size, thermal management strategy, engine technology and power output, resulting in a comprehensive set of in-kind claims and market value projections. IDTechEx predicts more than 28 materials used in the construction of electric vehicle powertrains, each with varying market shares. Several material markets are seeing a rapid increase in demand after a small decline in 2020 due to the impact of COVID-19 on the automotive market. This paper thoroughly demonstrates the effective use of computer modelling and simulation software used in contemporary manufacturing industry at preliminary stage for evaluation of vehicle performance requirements about the design and techniques utilized. While most of the papers demonstrate the Electric vehicle simulation for four-wheelers, the two wheelers are not thoroughly researched for Indian market, this paper covers the primary parameters of two-wheeler electric vehicle simulation that uses the basic blocks from Simulink, Simscape, and electrical blocks available in the MATLAB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The palm oil industry is one of the most important agro-based industries in Malaysia, with more than 400 palm oil mills nationwide. These mills are generally self-sustained in energy by converting empty fruit bunch (EFB), palm mesocarp fibre (PMF) and palm kernel shell (PKS), into energy. However, palm fuel burned in boilers have caused severe air pollution problems due to improper boiler operation and inefficient air pollution control systems. This results in emission of bottom ash particulates from multicyclone and electrostatic precipitator (ESP) hopper after combustion. This paper discusses the characteristics of palm fuel, namely PMF, PKS and EFB, based on proximate analysis, gross calorific value, ultimate analysis and element composition. Morphology of bottom ash emitted from multicyclone and ESP was also examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM). EFB was found to have the ' highest moisture content of 63.1% among others, while mixture of PMF and PKS had the highest volatile matter of 54.5% and fixed carbon of 18.5%. PMF has the highest calorific value of 2993 kcals/kg among others. The bottom ash from multicyclone and ESP exhibited particulate sizes ranging from 18.4 to 68 µm and 10.9 to 44.6 µm, respectively. These were considered as preliminary results which require further future research. The outcomes of this study are useful for mitigation of fine particulate emission from air pollution control system in the palm oil mill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction industry as one of the sectors that causes climate change must start paying attention to environmental impacts. Through the provision of numerous ecosystem services, Green infrastructure (GI) is one of the essential strategies for achieving sustainable development since it can effectively coordinate social, economic, and environmental growth. Thus, GI has been highlighted as a promising strategy to aid cities in adapting to climate change. 197 papers published between 2016 and 2021 were organized and classified using the 7th version of Publish or Perish software as part of this study's literature review methodology. Results show that there has been a significant growth in research on green infrastructure in recent years, with Sustainability Journal dominating the field. The initial top three cited journals that cover GI research are China Earth Sciences, Construction & Building Materials, and Cities. Another set of findings reveals that issues with water, materials, heat, air pollution, and policies-regulation & cost have been particularly focused on. Future research is needed and quite promising, such as: green materials, solutions to water & flood problems, urban heat, and GI regulation are topics that need further research, especially in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainability, environmental sustainability, and sustainable transportation are all attracting attention currently, and the importance of sustainable transportation due to its effects on both the environment and society are now well acknowledged. However, although there has been an increasing number of projects and measures addressing sustainable mobility issues emerging in recent years, it can be difficult to compare outcomes, as there is not yet a set of globally applicable tools and indicators to guarantee comprehensive evaluation and to ensure the reliability of best practices. Maintaining sustainability is always a challenge, leading to this paper examining previous studies in detail to create a systematic overview of relevant and scientifically sound indicators for various aspects of sustainable mobility applicable in a range of social and economic contexts globally, particularly in terms of sustainability indicators for urban roads such as degree of congestion, traffic noise pollution, and traffic air pollution. This is important, as identifying such sustainability indicators is a significant factor in developing appropriate transport plans for any city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays the world is largely dependent on conventional energy sources which are non-renewable and its demand is increasing day by day. The emission due to utilization of these energy resources causes air pollution and human disease. So researchers are focusing their attention on biodiesel as an alternative to diesel. Biodiesel while being renewable, environment friendly, has poor performance and higher NOx emission. To eliminate these problems up to some extent, blending with diesel can be done but increasing blending percentage again causes the same problem. To eliminate these demerits of biodiesel researchers are using nano sized particles as additives to biodiesel. A large number of nanoparticles are used as additives and resulted in improved performance and emissions, viz. increased "brake thermal efficiency", reduced "brake specific fuel consumption" (bsfc), lower release of Hydrocarbon (HC) and Carbon monoxide (CO) etc. Apart from poor performance, higher NOx release is the main concern with the use of biodiesel. Some nanoparticles reduce NOx emission while use of some other nanoparticles result in increased NOx emission. NOx emission varies with the concentration of nano particle as well. This paper reviews the research work in which nanoparticles such as CeO2, TiO2, GO, CaO, Al2O3, Bi2O3, SiO2, ZnO, NiO, Ag-O, CNT, MWCNT, nano water emulsion as well as combination of these nano sized particles have been used as additives to biodiesel or biodiesel blends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric vehicles (EVs) are developing rapidly due to various factors, such as the climate and envi-ronment changes, reduction in prices comparing with conventional vehicles, due to the problems caused by gas-oline engines on the people as well as the environment. The automotive industry has changed to the EVs. EVs play a major role in reducing the emissions caused by the greenhouse gases which automatically leads to the reduction of air pollution. However, to enable the change from the traditional source of energy to fully EV powered motors, a new problem has emerged in society. The method of using electricity as a source of fuel is not a cheap task. It falls out of technology and infrastructure to support it as a primary source, infrastructure that is not available even in developed countries. EVs offer many benefits such as reducing pollution levels and oil imports bills etc. This paper offers reviews on electric vehicle mileage compiles and threats in promot-ing EVs. It also describes opportunities and challenges ahead in electric vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic congestion increase on highways (especially at intersections) represents one of the main problems causing situation hazards, traffic problems, and air pollution, these issues generally lead to failure or approximately to, in traffic structures and other infrastructures. This research is a part of a study trail to enhance and assess the level of service and traffic efficiency of a signalized intersection, named Al-Salam intersection, which is the only signalized one in Najaf city. Traffic volume had been collected for through, left, and right movements within morning and evening peak hours, that classified into passenger cars, heavy vehicles, buses, and motorcycles. Data were collected by video recording technique. SIDRA program had been dependent on evaluating Al-Salam intersection. SIDRA also can be utilized available development options and select suitable alternative. The primary analysis process results showed the intersection level of service (LOS E). This paper explains some strategies for enhancing the traffic flow and increasing the level of service, such as change No. of lanes in each approach, optimizing the cycle length, and eliminating some traffic directions by constructing over-bass or under bass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, due to the increase in air pollution and its impact on the everyone's health and environment; it has become a very tedious task to monitor and check the quality of air. Predicting the quality of air is a highly tangled task due to the volatility, particle nature and variables constituting the pollutants. It has become pertinent to check the quality of air in rural/ urban areas due to the impact it has on people's well-being and the environment. In this paper, we first do comparative analysis of popular machine learning method, decision tree, linear regression, k-nearest neighbors (KNN), random forest, XGBoost and L1 and L2 regularization to forewarning pollutant and particulate levels and to forecast the air quality index (AQI). Then we apply cross validation and grid search to optimize our random forest model. Finally, we predict the model with Long short-term memory (LSTM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now a days, air pollution is a critical environmental issue in developing countries due to urbanization and industrialization. The pollution in air causes severe health issues for human beings, affects plants and animals due to acid rain, creates loss in economy, agricultural production and commercial production. In order to prevent or control it, the air quality forecasting necessitates. Accurate air quality prediction is a prominent task to be done to control the pollution level and to take countermeasures for securing the human life. The complex, uncertain and non-linear nature of the air quality pollutants impose complications in achieving accurate forecasting. The advent of artificial intelligence techniques helps to improve the air pollution forecasting results compared to traditional statistical methods at the great extent. This paper focuses the complications of air pollution, significance of air quality prediction, air quality index, and reviews the applications of machine learning and deep learning methods in air quality prediction. Literature shows that the machine learning and deep learning methods along with feature engineering and optimization techniques guarantees a promising air quality prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]