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Nowadays, bone tissue engineering is developed rapidly along with better and faster healing needs. One application of bone tissue engineering is improvement in defects. This improvement was completed by regenerating the tissue through a skeleton called scaffold. In this study, nano-Hydroxyapatite (n-HAp)/PLA scaffold composites were successfully made with variations in composition. The basic ingredients for making n-HAp are from natural materials using the sonication method. Addition of PLA into the nHAp matrix was carried out with variations of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 wt%. Nano-HAp was characterized using XRD and SEM. n-HAp/PLA composites were characterized by SEM and porosity tests were carried out. The results showed the crystal size of HAp was 14.46 nm. The most optimal porosity test on composites with the composition of n-HAp: PLA; 90:10 wt%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a bioceramic that can be applied for bone tissue regeneration. The hydroxyapatite scaffold has poor biodegradation. To increase the biodegradation of HAp, we composited it with PVA, Chitosan, and PEG polymers, which have faster biodegradation properties. PVA/CS/PEG/HAp composites nanofibers as a scaffold in bone tissue engineering were prepared by electrospinning. The composition of HAp varied 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6%. HAp was synthesized from natural deposits and characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to obtain phase, crystallinity, and crystal size. Surface morphology and porosity of nanofiber composites were characterized by SEM-EDX. Previous studies without the addition of PEG produced less homogeneous nanofibers. Increasing the concentration of HAp and adding PEG could increase the average diameter of the nanofiber and reduce porosity. Composite biodegradation of PVA/CS/PEG/HAp was also evaluated. Biodegradation test was carried out by immersing the sample in Krebs solution prepared for 1-4 weeks, and the fastest mass reduction occurred in HAp (0%) and decreased with increasing concentration of HAp. This nanofiber HAp/CS/PEG/HAp composite can be applied as a scaffold in bone tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]