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Advantages of using temporary structures in emergencies were most emphasized during the Covid-19 pandemic, where the need for fast construction and low-cost buildings became the primary requirement. In addition to emergency use, temporary facilities can significantly contribute to the positive transformations of city districts and improve the cultural and social life of residents. However, the government in Sarajevo never proposed solutions involving temporary structures in emergencies, although there was a considerable need for their application in the last two years. With its linear organization of the city, precious historical heritage, unregulated illegal construction, and poor concept of urbanization, Sarajevo is an extraordinarily complex area for any new interventions and transformations. Therefore, applying temporary structures in such a complex urban matrix could be easily interpreted as positive or negative transformations. Unfortunately, the current use of temporary structures has been reduced to the organization of various temporary sales pavilions that most often degrade the city's image and represent negative examples of the transformation of urban zones. For this reason, one of the aims of this paper is to investigate unified, standardized temporary structures that could be used in both previously mentioned situations. These aspirations led us to the following research question: "Which kind of standardized temporary structure could positively contribute to the activation of urban zones and improve the living standards of Sarajevo citizens, but also be used in case of emergency?" The following types of temporary structures were analyzed in this paper: tent constructions, prefabricated modular containers, transport containers, prefabricated wooden buildings, and deployable bar structures. The analyses were conducted according to criteria divided into two groups. Temporary structures were compared according to the first group of criteria, and these analyses resulted in the selection of prefabricated modular containers and deployable bar structures for further analysis. This paper expands criteria established by authors who have previously researched these structures with new parameters, such as system adaptability, local stability of elements, aesthetics, impact on the urban image, system mobility, etcetera. Analyses results point to deployable bar structures as most suitable for the application as a standardized structure. Further analysis was conducted to create guidelines for location selection in Sarajevo and set up the framework for analyzing both advantages and disadvantages of temporary structure applications at these locations. An analysis led us to conclude that applying temporary structures could significantly improve temporary urbanism in Sarajevo and living standards in inactive urban areas further from the town center. Furthermore, we have concluded that temporary camps should be located closer to the town center in emergency cases due to specific infrastructure needs, and this paper assesses some of the potential locations that are not investigated before. Conducted analysis in this paper has proven advantages in using deployable temporary structures, but these structures are in different development stages, and it is essential to update analysis results with structure developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2019, the TL0200559 project entitled "Safe Cities for Pedestrians and Seniors" was launched. Part of the solution of this project was also a survey and analysis of the use of pedestrian roads in selected cities. The town of Chotěboř was chosen for pilot processing. In the first half of 2019, a questionnaire was compiled for the questionnaire survey. At the same time, a local survey was conducted. In October and early November, data were collected by a questionnaire survey. In the following five months, the digitization of paper forms of the questionnaires took place. Their evaluation was interrupted by ongoing quarantine measures due to SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19). In 2021, quarantine measures (especially the return of children and students to full-time school attendance) were relaxed to the extent that it was possible to return to the standard scientific research work and analyze and verify the obtained data by re-conducting local surveys. The procedure for compiling the questionnaire for this survey, the course of the actual data collection, and the results of this pilot survey are presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Massive development has led to the felling of tree in urban areas. Despite extensive scientific efforts directed towards research on tree retention have been conducted, there is a lack of research synthesis conducted in previous studies. This paper offers a systematic analysis of 94 original studies in the 20 years between 1999 and 2019. Literature was retrieved through search in Google Scholar, ProQuest, Sage, Scopus, Science Direct and Web of Science. The aim of the paper was to explore the determinant of the research, context, themes and retention determination, and thus point to gaps and needs in research. Main finding discusses the nearly all studies were conducted in forest settings suggested the future research may provide an analysis of the quality of information related to tree retention in the urban context. The study provides insights into the determinants of tree retention and stresses the need for adequate tree protection during development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an adequate response to the new environmental conditions expected to arise due to climate change, our cities must be adapted to continue serving as pleasant and liveable spaces for its inhabitants and visitors. Large parts of our existing building stock remain unprepared/inadequate for the anticipated climatic changes. Adjustments are urgently needed. Within this paper a strategy has been elaborated about how retrofitting can significantly contribute to the climate change adaptation of our urban environments, as will be strongly required in the future. The focus of this study is directed to possible climate change related adaptations of multistorey residential buildings from the 19th and early 20th century in inner city areas of Germany. Building on the general principles of climate responsive and ecological architectural design and construction, it poses the following question: How can our existing buildings be transformed in order to explicitly reduce the impact of climate change on our built environments? Following an evaluation of the new climatic conditions influencing our buildings and looking into current knowledge of sustainable architecture and urban design and construction methods, this paper goes onto propose a set of guidelines for climate change adaptive retrofitting of 19th and 20th century multistorey residential buildings of inner-city areas of Germany. On one hand these optimization proposals are addressed to respond better to longer heat and dry periods in summer and to more extreme rainfall, snowfall and storms in the winter. On the other hand, these adjustments aim to build a criteria that serve to mitigate adverse effects of climate change, like an improvement of the buildings' energy performance and ecological efficiency. The results of this study demonstrate that the buildings focused on are well suited for retrofitting interventions, which would reduce the impact of climate change and which in parallel would constitute effective measures to strongly improve the buildings' ecological performance in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study analyzed the implementation of the municipal recycling program from the municipality association MSUR. This study considers only the first year of the program that corresponded to the year 2020. The segregated recollection involved a total of 10 municipalities from the Metropolitan Region in Chile. The focus of the program was the recollection paper, glass and PET and the subsequent sale of the materials as recycled to different companies. The analysis was centered in the estimating the weight per municipality recollected, the distribution of the material to be recycled and per capita recycled by each municipality. The first month the program recollected 257.962 kg of material and reached a maximum of 561.827 kg, were it stabilized with an average of 543.840 kg and a standard deviation of 15.600 kg. The percentage of population that the program served depended on the number of vehicles dedicated to each municipality which lead to a variation of the coverage between municipalities that varied between 2,3 to 97,7 percent. The amount of material recovered depended on the municipality and was between 0,016 to 0,124 kg/pp/day. Due to the pandemic, it was observed a small decrease in the amount of recyclable material recollected due to the SARS-CoV-2. As initial result of the program, it was observed that the two municipalities with the highest percentage of coverage area and economical income, were part of municipalities with lowest recovery per capita by weight in the program. This result led to the analysis of the composition of the solid waste for these two municipalities and the inhouse method of segregation. From this part of the analysis, it was possible to observed in the field that the Municipalidad de La Reina had overestimated the percentage of coverage area and the community didńt dispose the recyclables adequately for the segregated recollection. In the case of the Municipalidad de Santiago it was observed that it has a well inhouse structured program, but not all the members of the community are participating, and the spectrum of recyclables is very limited and therefore losing an important fraction of elements that can be recycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles have evolved from their military origins to a wide range of civilian and commercial uses. However, commercial uses have a higher occupation. This means that civilian uses have high exploitability. The low number of civilian Unmanned Aerial Vehicles is largely dependent on the fact that they are expensive and have few counterparts. However, they have the advantage of being fast and unaffected by urban traffic. An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with path planning modules and flight controllers makes it possible to transport goods within cities. According to this situation, this paper introduces a possible application to the logistics industry. Urban areas usually have a high demand for the logistics industry. The security and efficiency of delivery are the most significant issues for people in urban areas. However, the traditional control method of UAVs is time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, a new combination method to control a UAV is proposed in this paper. The functions and simulation in this paper provide the feasibility of using the new combination method to control a UAV. In the simulation, a UAV can fly from the start point to the destination steadily. All the obstacles on the map are avoided. This means a UAV can deliver packages with this technology. This study gives a new potential for UAVs in civilian uses, which also improves the existing delivery method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transformation of urban environments is a complex process that should always be an upgrade of urban conditions, linked with socio-economic factors. Such a process demands a participatory, open approach that is not available in most transitional societies and can in some cases lead to a negative gentrification process. The urban tissue discussed in this paper is a part of an industrial city, mostly built-in the modernist style of architecture as well as its urban matrix. It does contain some historic heterogeneous areas that were once important parts of the city center, but its role has been degraded over time. This is not only about a case study, but rather a model for situations that many cities encounter in their quest to revitalize within a similar urban condition. The city of Zenica has a strong industrial/modernist image that shapes the image with all positive aspects (functionality, quality of public spaces, and architecture) and negative (lack of urban continuity form such as „traditional "streetscapes). The questions posed here would be to explore different urban regeneration scenarios and possible interventions within proposals that can range from upholding and enhancing the existing character with more subtle or invasive approaches, or creating a kind of a new hybrid urban and architectural typology that will emphasize all elements of iconic cityscape to the character of the specific site. A set of key parameters is introduced to objectively assess different models presented and assessed through quantitative and qualitative attributes. This approach to urban rehabilitation of mixed (modern and partly historic) transitory urban tissue, must be done with the awareness of the stratification/layers and capacity of a place. Adaptive reuse and constant upgrade of the existing structures is a shift from an architectural makeover into a responsible intervention scenario that serves to improve above all the dwelling conditions and uphold adequate space use. Urban rehabilitation that deals with stratification looks at the city as a living organism - with its hidden substructures that support life and visible manifestation of built tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to consider the possibility of the adaptive reuse of former Italian penitentiary buildings as tourist accommodation. This paper is a practitioner viewpoint paper, therefore it is not based on any particular methodological approach. It describes the project launched by the Agenzia del Demanio of Italy (State Property Agency) for the transformation and redevelopment of public real estate; it analyzes some international and domestic cases of former prisons' being changed over to tourist accommodation facilities. The paper identifies three methods for adapting former penitentiaries to tourist purposes: Italy has been characterized mostly by the recovery of the islands hosting abandoned prisons as preserved natural areas, while less frequent is the changeover of former penitentiaries located in urban areas, or in historical and cultural sites. The paper seeks to highlight some possibilities of adaptive reuse of former prisons, which seem not to have been fully exploited in Italy. The project by Agenzia del Demanio might be the appropriate tool to this aim, especially if more specifically focused. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A smart city implies realising sustainable city growth enabled by technology-based intelligent solutions to give its citizens a good quality of life. Information and communication technologies play a crucial role as the nerve centre of the smart city for collecting and analysing data from various sources, like mobile, social media, and sensors. The Internet of things (IoT) and big data (BD) also play a critical role in smart city infrastructures, changing how we analyse patterns and trends in human behaviour. Smart cities generate massive amounts of data and therefore need many flexible ways to process data and implement solutions. Recently, cognitive analytics have attracted the attention of researchers and practitioners worldwide as a technology-based innovative solution. It is a novel approach to information discovery and decision-making which uses multiple intelligent technologies such as statistical machine learning, deep learning, distributed artificial intelligence, natural language processing and visual pattern recognition to understand data and generate insights. A cognitive smart city refers to the convergence of emerging IoT and smart city technologies to realise cyber-physical social systems, their generated big data from sensing to communication and computing, and artificial intelligence techniques for all aspects of collaborative computing in sensors, actuators and human-machine interfaces. The field of humanities typically approaches the concept of cognitive cities from a cultural, philosophical, and humanistic perspective. Humanities scholars examine how cities shape our thoughts, beliefs, values, and experiences and how they impact our collective memory and identity. They consider the role of cities as sites of cultural production and consumption and explore the social and political implications of urbanisation and technological advancement. This paper aims to highlight the connection between technology and the humanities in the context of cognitive cities. The paper will explore the technological aspects of cognitive cities and their cultural, humanistic, and philosophical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to Indonesia's National Guidelines on Green Buildings (Kemen PUPR No,21,2021) called Penilaian Kinerja Bangunan Gedung Hijau (BGH), green buildings are mandatory for new and existing buildings. As environmental concerns grow, the Government uses these ratings to control energy consumption. A government initiative aims to increase demand for environmentally friendly buildings. This paper evaluates BGH's green building rating system for project certification in two Indonesian cities, Jakarta and Padang Paser Utara. Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia, the largest and one of the most populous urban city in Indonesia. Moreover, the new Indonesia capital city, Nusantara, will be built in Penajam Paser Utara, East Kalimantan. Using the results of this research, recommendations and suggestions can be given related to the design of green buildings both in Jakarta and Penajam Paser Utara. Evaluations will be conducted on simple residential buildings. The results of these studies indicate that designers and architects may have difficulty incorporating this rating systems into their designs. An evaluation of BGH ratings and sustainability analysis can be performed with building information modeling and a conceptual framework is presented toward the end of this paper. A rating system's success depends heavily on discussion among all stakeholders, including architects, engineers, environmentalists, governments, and communities. Indonesian experts in the building sector should take part in and contribute to this project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the modern technologies currently used. The IoT system consists of interconnected devices such as technological devices, sensors, and actuators that can collect data to transfer it without human intervention. Internet data could be reached either through a private web page via a smartphone or a personal computer. IoT has increased uses at the present time, which is used in industrial, health, agricultural sectors, etc. To do that, the cities will be Smart to enhance the daily activities of users by reducing the time consumed to access the required information. This paper provides a prototype for the application of a Smart campus that depends on the IoT. This paper also includes choosing the building of science departments in the College of Engineering Technology Najaf as an example of a Smart campus. The Packet Tracer v8.2 from Cisco involved many devices and components used to simulate the network in reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric motors are one of the more environmentally friendly transportation alternatives, which can be a problem solution to reduce pollution. Besides that, electric motors have become a necessity in the future. Opportunities to accelerate automotive electrification come from motorcycles. Motorcycles are not as complicated as developing electric cars. In this paper, the C-70 bike is a preferred target for driving force because it has a slim body, a lightweight, is not too large construction, and is still fashionable. In this paper, some steps are being taken to its manufacture. The first one, calculating the required electric motor power requirements. The second, to design and assembly the C-70 motorcycle frame with BLDC dynamo. The third is the C-70 motorcycle performance test inside and outside the Town, and the last one, the C-70 motorcycle painting as the final process. The electric motor's design results can cover 49 km with an average speed of 30-40 km/hour while out of Town with roads up and down mountains. At the same time, this electric motor can cover 50.23 km with an average speed of 30-40 km/hour from a fully charged battery condition in urban areas. So that's roughly 97.5 per cent of the distance travelled within the Town. So, this electric motor is more suitable in urban areas because there are many places to charge the battery, and it is more efficient to use when inside the Town. Besides that, the process of assessing the battery in this electric motor design takes 4 hours 30 minutes from the battery condition 0% (0 Volt) to 100% (81.5 Volt). In addition, the cost required to be very economical compared to motor fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Car-sharing is a phenomenon, which is becoming increasingly widespread, first of all, in large cities. Since its inception in Russia, this phenomenon has become the object of scientific research by scientists from various branches of science, as well as the object of attention of journalists and practitioners. The benefits of car-sharing are obvious, its active use in megalopolises and large cities allows eliminating traffic jams, mitigating the problem of the lack of parking spaces, and reducing the amount of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. At the same time, there are many problematic aspects in the concept of car-sharing, primarily in the legal sphere, which are exacerbated as it spreads and increases in popularity. First of all, it is the problem of the safety of using carsharing for the driver and passengers. Moreover, it is necessary to ensure the adherence to the rights of car-sharing users, on the one hand, and the car-sharing company, on the other hand, which is possible only by detailed and effective legal regulation. The main legal problems of using car-sharing in Russia, including the issues of the security of this service are analysed in this paper. Based on the study conducted, the authors have developed recommendations for improving the legal regulation of the use of car-sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For blind people it is very difficult to cross the road. We are seeing so many accidents taking place while crossing the roads mainly in cities, in a busy world no one is trying to help them to cross the road. This paper proposes an Embedded System solution for the identification of traffic signals for blind people. So, our project helps us to cross the road for blind people without others help. It consists of Zigbee transmitter and receiver. Transmitter is kept on the traffic light poles and the receiver is carried by blind person, we kept APR9600 Speaker which informs the blind people the particular light is glowing. When the blind people are crossing the road if there is a red signal, he/she hears a voice like there is a red signal you can move now, if there is a yellow colour then the voice will come like there is yellow colour please wait, if there is a green colour the voice will come like there is green colour please wait. Which will help blind people to cross the road easily. To create the environment of recognition of Traffic Signal for Blind People, we use 2 platforms like, Arduino IDE, Zigbee Transmitter & Receiver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid urbanization has led to the development of infrastructure and buildings. Building roof surfaces cover most urban areas, causing impervious areas to increase in size, which then leads to environmental issues. The green roof is a stormwater management tool that has been used in developed and developing countries to mitigate environmental problems including improving the hydrological performance of stormwater runoff. This paper aims to examine the green roof concept and the potential use of green roof systems to improve stormwater runoff performance. The review shows that green roofs are potentially capable of reducing the volume of stormwater and the runoff peak flow. When selecting appropriate materials, green roofs should be considered as they represent a viable technology that is sustainable and beneficial for the environment. This paper offers information that can be used as a guideline to choose the appropriate designs and materials to be used in green roof systems. In future, evaluations should be conducted of innovative materials and their use in green roofs to enhance their performance and increase their sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of a modern metropolis is impossible without a developed underground transport system, therefore one of the most demanded direction of construction activity is the construction of subways. The construction of metro stations and the laying of underground tunnels in dense urban areas are complex and time-consuming processes. In difficult hydrogeological conditions, various methods of soil consolidation are used: selicatization, freezing, "wall in the ground", dewatering and injection of cement mortar into the soil. The filtration of the suspension, which passes through the porous medium, forms a deposit, and thereby changes its properties are central in the efficiency of all these processes. The paper considers the process of two-particle suspension filtration, which is determined by a system of partial differential equations containing linear accessibility function and flux reduction function. The total and partial retention profiles - the concentrations of retained particles of various sizes and total deposit depending on the coordinate at a fixed time at various values of the parameter of the accessibility function and the flux reduction function - have been investigated, their graphs have been plotted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ho Chi Minh city is developing to become a megacity with a population of over 13–14 million people in 2040, population growth makes the city facing many challenges in terms of urban management in urban areas and rural areas. Peri-urban has long been "defaulted" as a transitional zone between inner-city and suburban areas, usually expressed through administrative boundaries between urban and rural areas. However, peri-urban has the character of 'dynamic', in which has a strong urbanization process and is always under great impacts from the urban development process, which always transforming from one area to another throughout a short time. Therefore, urban development in the peri-urban always presents many challenges for urban management authorities and urban planners must also have a general and deep perspective to be able to predict the development direction. For that reason, this paper analyzes the issues of the peri-urban through four stages of urban development by observation methods on GG Earth, Landsat, QGis, and on-site. The results of this paper are the identification of the transformation of these peri-urban areas and the prediction of future development of this study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the urban grid of downtown Baghdad City through a scientific and quantifiable approach. The research methodology includes a case study and the application of Space Syntax, which offers various measures to describe the spatial properties of urban areas and produces specific, computable data related to concepts of integration and segregation. The selected urban grid, which spans a one-kilometer square, was analyzed at several levels of integration in relation to the distribution of land uses. The results show a strong relationship between integrated streets and commercial and mixed-used activities at the whole level (HH Rn), while there is a clear connection between segregated streets and residential activities, supporting the concept of privacy and isolation for residential areas. The integration measure analysis clearly indicates the integration of urban structures, and frames the old historic fabric with an angle shape when compared to the larger grid. Despite minor variations between the three operations, which employed three radii (Rn, R3, and R5), continuity is shown between the three levels of integrated urban buildings. The paper demonstrates the effectiveness of Space Syntax in analyzing the urban grid of Baghdad City. The findings highlight the relationship between urban integration, land use distribution, and the spatial properties of the built environment. The study provides insights into the significance of integration and segregation in urban areas, offering a valuable tool for urban planners and designers in optimizing the design and planning of future urban spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to new scientific approaches to the formation of the transport and logistics infrastructure in major cities of the country. The paper considers solving the problem of transport cost reducing, as a significant part of the production cost in an industrial sector of the economy and enterprises, by implementing a complex of logistics operations in the field of transport services. The purpose of the theoretical paper is a mathematical formalization of the solution of the particular problems of optimizing the traffic control on the basic network of transport highways with varying degrees of detail of municipal facilities. There is a set of mathematical models developed to adequately describe the temporal characteristics of developing the transport and logistics complexes of the cities with the possibility of their optimization at any time according to a given set of parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for creating a harmonious environment and solving diverse and complex issues related to its design and construction in line with the concept of sustainable development is a major and urgent task faced by modern architecture and construction science. This paper analyses and summarizes the application of the environmental compensation principle in designing modern transport infrastructure facilities for the storage of road and air transport in the largest cities – multi-storey parking garages and helicourts. It has been established that observance of this principle plays one of the key roles in the formation of ecologically balanced, safe, and aesthetical architecture of modern transport facilities for the storage of road and air transport, and creates a favourable, comfortable environment with minimal negative impacts on human existence. Based on the principle under consideration, the authors proposed modern approaches to the design of multi-storey parking garages and helicourts in the largest cities. Namely, these approaches include maintaining the ecological balance of the building with the environment. Such balance shall meet the design standards of ecologically determined, engineering and technical, sanitary, and hygienic arrangement of internal space of the multi-storey parking garages and helicourts, and provide for resource conservation during their operation. The paper describes examples of design and construction projects of ecologically balanced multi-storey parking garages and helicourts in the largest cities, which give a deeper insight into the types of these structures and modern approaches to their designing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, many researchers have presented various works on the design of standalone PV(SPV) systems. Though from the review of certain works on SPV systems, it was noted that various critical parameters were not considered for the design of the system. In the present work, a detailed design of a standalone PV system based on a practical approach for the all-weather condition is proposed. Generation of power through SPV includes designing, identifying, and determining specifications of various components being used in the system based on the load estimation. The process mentioned earlier mainly depends on factors like, geographical location, type of weather conditions, insolation level of sun, and finally load consumption. Here a detailed outline for the procedure specifying all the components of the standalone photovoltaic system for all-weather conditions based on typical energy requirements is considered. The paper also presents an elaborate cost analysis considering the entire life span of solar PV module installation and maintenance is also considered. The analysis highlights the high initial investment but also presents the ROI amount and substantial dividend gains during the system life span. Thus the presented will act as a helpful resource for designing and installing the SPV for rural and urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the trends for the development of transport infrastructure in modern mega-cities. Mega-cities are the epicenters of multiple transport&road issues. The issues of building a transport infrastructure in large cities closely associated with the accounting for a comprehensive solution of city-planning and transport problems have become significantly more urgent in recent years. This research uses a system approach which allows showing the continuity, scale and social orientation of transport infrastructure building in mega-cities. The authors identify key achievements and problems in the course of transport issues' resolving in mega-cities. The problem of optimizing the formation of the transport infrastructure of megacities is considered through the lens of a difficult and sometimes conflict interaction "transport – ecology". The solution of the problems of transport service for megacities is divided into two main parts: the design of new types of urban traffic arteries and the coordination of urban traffic with the existing structure. The paper underlines modern challenges and problems in the field of transport infrastructure, new opportunities, guidelines for achieving the maximum efficiency of a particular vehicle type use under various conditions. Particular attention is paid to new trends and opportunities for providing convenient and the shortest connections between all city districts as well as with external communication routes. The paper shares a forecast for the development and improvement of the transport infrastructure of megacities in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cities affected by climate change and those cities' effects contribute to the environmental issue. The effort from the leaders in the national and local authorities is very important. The national level is from the New Urban Agenda (NUA) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Meanwhile, the local authority is implementing the Low Carbon Cities Framework (LCCF). The gap in this paper is despite the LCCF being readied at a local authority, the constraints identified as data collection, manpower, funding, and lack of management skill in implementing LCCF. This paper aims to study implementing the LCCF and Assessment System for one system approach only in building elements under the LCCF to reduce energy and water consumption at the Headquarters Office of Subang Jaya City Council, Selangor. The objectives of the paper are to study the approaches to reducing energy and water consumption with a performance-based assessment. The methodology of this paper was quantitative for LCCF assessment and compared to the baseline year data. The findingof this paper indicates briefly the action to be undertaken by team members at the local authority for strategies and proposedaction plans. Finally, the local authority is playing a major role in the first initiative to quantum leap the action with a strongcommitment from stakeholders. The LCCF is a very dynamic system that can be applied to different localities with varyingdevelopmental needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The position of Bosnia in the Balkan Peninsula and the Sarajevo region in its centre has intertwined the influences of diverse ethnic and cultural currents into specific spatial physiognomies of human settlements within certain epochs, in the continuity of about five millennia of their duration. The shifts of turbulent and calm periods have moved the inhabitants of our region from the plains to steep hills to build forts (defensive fortifications), refuges (shelters for the local population) and fortified cities. This turbulent historical context determined the formation of the Old Town Vratnik at the eastern end of the urban core of today's Sarajevo. Although its territory was completed just in the Ottoman period, there are indications that the fort existed there in prehistory, which marked the nucleus of the much later fortified town of Vratnik with five bastions in the walls. Today, the Old Town Vratnik is faced with numerous spatial and functional degradations of the environment, of which the inadequacy of the inherited urban matrix to the intensity of road and stationary traffic stands out, and to which the urban parterre is maximally subordinated. Such a situation requires functional rearrangements and restructuring, based on both the preservation of heritage and tradition, and the adaptation to modern life trends. This implies that the projection of the final statements of transformation must be guided by an integrated approach in the application of its interdependent methodological procedures: functional, historical and environmental, moreover, because the vision of the concept includes the application of modern engineering "large format". Starting from the thesis that the civilizational obligation of every society is to respect culture, tradition, history and heritage in the transformation of living space, not taking a hermetic stance, but respecting the need for growth and development, the aim of this paper was to find an answer to the question: How to implement a new articulation of the urban parterre of the Old Town Vratnik by applying modern engineering structures, while remaining based on preserving the identity of spatial expressions that represent the sedimentation of cultural and historical trends of its long existence? We found that the answer to the question lies in the ambiguity of the transformation process, justified by the results of the analysis of the historical context of the formation and current degradation of the Old Town Vratnik, and the provisions of the current Regulatory Plan. It has been shown that the acute problem of urban parterre load with traffic flows can be solved by applying modern engineering structures, by building a garage buried in the rock mass according to the principle of NATM excavation. Also, this first level of functional transformation enabled further rationalization of the use of space, by acting on several levels. That is, it created a basis for the conceptualization of strategic principles in the restructuring of content oriented towards improving the quality of life of the local community, but also the implementation of functional transformations at the level of urban details. All these levels must be guided by the procedures of the historical method of redesign, which, based on the design theory of the traditional in architecture and urbanism, is the only one that can properly channel the influences of history and tradition on the objectivity of transformation. Finally, the method of environmental and ecological redesign is unavoidable, which, according to the same principle, and in cooperation with the previous two, forms a unique platform for conceptualizing the approach to the transformation of the Old Town Vratnik. Lastly, our vision of the future status of the town of Vratnik has received guidelines for upgrading the current Regulatory Plan "Vratnik", which we consider an important contribution of this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dalian, Lushun, Dandong and Yingkou are port towns in Liaoning province in China that have developed significantly in the modern era, each with its own unique urban form and pattern. All four cities still have ports in use today, and there are commonalities in their historical development. Road network, known as the 'skeleton of a city', is the primary element of urban planning and an important testimony to the urban history. The study of urban form cannot get rid of the interpretation of road network form. However, the protection of historical and cultural heritage in Liaoning province focuses on the protection of historical blocks and single buildings, while the inheritance and protection of road network have been neglected. As a result, this valuable road network is gradually disappearing due to the rapid expansion of cities. Therefore, how to find out the road network inherited by the city, clarify its morphological characteristics, explore its causes, and preserve its form as much as possible is an important topic. The article begins with a review of the urban form development of four port towns in three stages: the modern urban germination period, the urban planning period and the urban expansion period. Subsequently, the paper focuses on the interpretation of their road network pattern, external traffic pattern and typical block pattern. And then the morphological characteristics of road network in four towns are compared. The four towns have made different historical choices between the tessellated, centripetal and free-form road network types. Their locations of external traffic are also different. However, typical regional road networks show commonness because of similar historical background. Then, the causes of the road network form are analyzed in three aspects: geographical factors, cultural factors and economic factors. Finally, according to the current situation and the trend of the times, the protection methods of integral protection, serial protection and selective protection are put forward. The article emphasizes the importance and historical value of the road network form, which plays the role of skeleton in the urban form, and puts forward a new angle of protecting for the historical heritage of port towns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last period of time, global economic development has also had strong effects on road traffic. In this context, in view of the forecasts confirming that the upward trend in traffic will continue at least at the current level, effective and sustainable measures are needed to be taken into account by extending the area of intervention to large urban agglomerations. The urban analysis of large urban agglomerations should not be limited to their administrative area, but should be extended to neighbourhoods and other administrative areas, in order to be possible to find optimal general solutions for their operation and development of perspective. At the same time, several factors / specialists: traffic engineers, public administration, specialists in urbanism etc., must contribute to the management of urban development, and an essential part is transport (traffic) with direct influence on economic development, social impact, environmental protection. The paper aims to present some solutions that the administrators of local, county and national transport networks, specialists in the field and other parties involved have proposed and partially implemented in the metropolitan area of Timisoara, in the western part of Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, cities are exposed to many challenges and are looking for new efficient solutions that will make existing infrastructure lighter, improve public space and promote sustainable modes of transport. The task of contemporary urban planning and municipal engineering is to provide transport infrastructure to citizens that will save time while being pleasant, comfortable, and environmentally friendly. A significant part of urban sustainability and viability lies in reducing the need for transport and creating quality networks of walking rolutes, cycling routes, and support for public transport. The main goal of the survey is to identify and describe mobility behavior and needs and the associated views and attitudes of the senior population in Small-Scale Cities. Subsequently, detect opportunities for improvement in urban transport. The paper presents the results of a case study of the perception of urbanized public space from the perspective of mobility and transport in the small town of Chotebor in the Czech Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transformations that have taken place in the social and productive structures of economically advanced countries are to be correlated to a new structure of urban networks and territorial relations, from which it results that a vast series of activities and functions are to be considered no longer subject to localization constraints and thresholds dimensional. From this emerges a wider territorial participation in the development process, which ends up affecting the regional articulation, giving rise to the formation of reticular spatial structures [1]. It comes out the idea of sustainable mobility was than born, which was based on giving a greater role to public transport, pedestrian and bicycle movements, which are much more efficient, thanks to which you can in turn reduce time waste, pollutant emissions and increase safety at urban areas without limiting mobility. In light of these aspects, in this paper we highlight, in parallel, what has been achieved with a view to sustainability in two realities: Brindisi, a city in southern Italy, and Cracow, a Polish city. They are two realities that highlight what has been done and what are the indications coming from the stakeholders. It is possible to move in this direction for future planning and for the adoption of sustainable mobility plans adhering to territorial needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the conditions for the formation of elevated temperatures in the surface layer of urban space in relation to its environment. Such studies are relevant in connection with climate warming, an increase in urbanization processes, and an increase in the availability of satellite images in the thermal IR range. Using the example of the large industrial city of Ufa, located in the temperate climate zone, the paper considers in detail the natural and anthropogenic factors influencing the formation of the urban heat island and the distribution of temperature anomalies. The article describes methods for processing thermal data from the Landsat-8 satellite to identify temperature anomalies. Using the QGIS, ArcGISPro and MultiSpec programs, the authors created an information-cartographic database, with the help of which the patterns of distribution of thermal anomalies in different parts of the city were revealed. An analysis of thermal summer images was carried out, coupled with a map of the functional zones of the city of Ufa, which revealed significant differences in summer surface temperatures near water bodies and in green areas compared to temperatures in industrial areas and in areas with dense residential development. Differences can reach more than 10°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance and the quality of the provided service of cellular networks can be well determined by the network capacity and the coverage. Good coverage means fewer calls blocking probability, and lower outage during handing-off process. Due to the fading that occurs during signal transmission, the practical cell radius may be less than the radius estimated when considering only the path loss. Therefore, the best design is that consider the probability of cell-edge coverage and the mobile station location variability. This paper addresses the effects of mobile location and antenna heights on cellular network coverage. The paper presents a reliable cell coverage model that considers the mobile position variation in shadowing environments. The proposed model accuracy and the cell coverage probability were simulated with the modified two-ray radio propagation model. The proposed model is applied to predict the cell converge fraction considering shadowing, antennas height, mobile stations location variability, and receiver sensitivity. The simulation results show that the mobile location variability is directly proportional with carrier frequency. Rural environments introduce more location variability than urban environments. Results show that base stations provided with higher antenna can result in better cell coverage percentage and less shadowing effect. For the cellular network designed so that 90% of locations at the cell edge have a reliable coverage, the path loss due to shadowing effects is about 6.9 dB in urban areas, while it is about 8.12 dB in suburban environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural settlement is an integral part of human shelter, which is generally organized in an organic form, in which groups of people cluster in a community, whose large proportion of the human population survives on agriculture and related professions. With the course of fast pace development, the villages are engulfed by towns and cities. Their agricultural lands are either acquired for a handsome ransom or occupied by builders by paying a huge sum of capital to the landlords. Here comes the transition phase, where traditional living styles take place in an urban environment that neither remains rural any more, nor adopts completely urban living styles. As a result, these peri-urban villages, not only lose their identity, but also fail to generate employability. So villagers migrate to metropolitan cities. This is the need of the hour to work on the rural renaissance, economic, cultural, well-being, and social sustainability on a priority basis, in selected prototype. This paper addresses the research gap that can be bridged with a multidisciplinary approach, in which the experts from all necessary disciplines shall coordinate on one platform and work on the overall well-being with smart usage of digital methods that suggest smart solutions to achieve sustainable village life and lifestyle, as well as restore its past glorious identity to secure a place in the smart village mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of highways' maintenance is to preserve the network of roads by retaining their performance in a way that enhances the transport needs and provides an environmentally positive contribution to the service standards. This target is performed by many activities which are presented in the state-of-the-art form to illustrate the approaches and techniques that are used for maintenance performance measurement and which maintenance techniques are optimal for evaluating maintenance strategies. The lack of structure and maintenance records have been discussed and took into consideration as a major step in performing accurate highway maintenance. This lack of records shows the gap between academic research and industrial application in maintenance policies. The paper is intended to provide multiple maintenance strategies and suggest the suitable ones that can fit highway conditions in Iraq by giving useful references for highway agency and academic research in this field. A case study including evaluating the performance of some streets and determining the priority of maintenance in one of Iraqi southern cities (Al-Shamiyah town) was presented and discussed. 10 sections of highways being studied. It is shown from the results of investigation that majority of highways lay in the range of good-to-poor condition (given 3-6) as categorised by AASHTO tables. This could result from many reasons such as poor shoulder work, improper compaction and drainage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Smart city's built and accessible resources must be aligned to achieve the intended aim. This vision needs the involvement of a wide range of stakeholders in the city's day-to-day activities. ICT, Internet of Things (IoT), and urban informatics are all key tools for improving the efficiency of city operations. Design and planning of smart cities face many challenges, such as technology, talent, funds, and laws and regulations. The right relationship between government and private-sector partners is critical to progress. We must gain experience and update methods and technologies used in smart city development. Combination of big data and 5G can boost the competitiveness and efficiency of small and medium-sized applications. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a way of thinking about a future where digital and physical things can be connected. In a smart city scenario, IoT can be most useful for every user in fields of day today needs. Internet of Things (IoT) provides citizens with practical urban management services and aids in the development of smart cities. The Internet of Things, or Smart City, has a complicated and diversified structure. This paper proposes a new architecture based on data provided by smart cities, and focuses on ICT challenges and opportunities in the context of smart city development and also discusses smart city planning and management, as well as how to best use data to make cities more efficient and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a time of globalization, different impacts such as; i) rapid development of city centres, ii) increase in land value, iii) privatization of public services and, iv) neglect of cultural resources, are putting tremendous pressures on the physical and social structure of cities, especially in historical city centres parts. This article discusses risks to sustainability and resilience under specific spatial challenges and pressures affecting urban cultural heritage due to a shift in urban governance towards a more entrepreneurial one. The focus of this article will be mainly on the social dimension of sustainability and resilience, as this research is based on two arguments: 1) Citizens are at the heart of any initiatives aiming to achieve a sustainable and resilient city, and 2) Enriching and preserving place and community identity while revitalization of urban cultural heritage is the basis for adaptation and mitigation of destructive spatial transformation. This paper highlights the current pressures on the urban and social fabric of different parts of the City Centre of Damascus, using five case studies in different historical central quarters. The change of policies in Syria is considered in studying the current context of urban transformation. Documents are collected from scientific articles and through contacting different institutions dealing with the urban development of Damascus. Observation and interviews with local dwellers helped analyse the different impacts of the urban development projects. The main findings consist of 1) Enforcing measures for rehabilitation and for setting control of private speculations, 2) Integrating culture in spatial policies as a viable and appropriate strategy to resolve urban, social, and economic problems, and 3) Involving local communities in decision-making, governance, and implementation of revitalization projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flood damage assessment is often based on flood risk analysis and characteristics. the amount of flood damage may also depend on other factors. The presented paper describes a proposal for the selection of factors that may contribute to the amount of flood damage in the Slovak Republic. The Slovak Republic with an area of 49 036 km2 is a landlocked country of Central Europe. The administrative division of the Slovak Republic defines 8 self-governing regions. Within individual regions, it is possible to express quantifiable indicators that can contribute to the amount of flood damage. Based on the conditions of accessibility, measurability, and relevance, these factors were identified: demographical, economical, and geographical. Factors (indexes) includes population in the region, total population, number of rural municipalities in the region, total number of rural municipalities, number of cities in the region, total number of cities, economically active population, employment, area of the region and total area of the Slovak republic. Appropriate statistical methods will express the contribution of the factor to the amount of damage within one self-governing region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the progressive climate change, public interest in the field of green areas in cities is increasing. Due to the gradual development and interest of both the lay and professional public it is very often possible to meet with the implementation of green facades on buildings [1,3,5]. One of the most important features for the possibility of optimal facade design is the basis weight of the cladding elements. Green facade systems are characterized by a fundamental specificity, which is the dynamic change in basis weight. Therefore, for vegetation facade systems it is not possible to state a specific value, but a range. This paper describes a possible methodology for determining the range of basis weight of vegetation facade systems and their changes over time. The measured values can be used to select a suitable vegetation facade system for specific installations regarding the needs of construction readiness, watering requirements and the amount of evapotranspiration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart transportation is being envisaged as an important parameter in building smart cities. Although conceptualized to have major advantages, lack of intelligent systems makes more vulnerable for disasters. The number of fatality due to road accident has increased up to 12% in 2022 as that of previous year says the WHO report. There are large number of new vehicles plying on roads which makes space constraint for the commuters. This makes a large number of traffic violations happening in urban areas. The smart cities insist and tries to adopt AI based methods for identifying traffic violations. Computer Vision are predominant solution in detecting traffic violation. This paper proposes a Deep learning method using famous YOLOV technique for object detection for effectively determining the traffic violation. The violations such as signal cross are concentrated in this research. The experimental results prove that the proposed technique has 95.1% of classification accuracy in detecting signal crosses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increase in the urban area leads to the increase of impervious surfaces which is stressing urban watershed balance resulting in issues like urban flooding in cities around the world. Coastal urban areas experience the pressures of a higher water table which contributes to the rising urban flooding issues of the area. Urban resilience as a concept was developed in cities across the world which includes multiple strategies to cope with the impacts of climate change in cities by integrating engineering and ecological measures. Urban resilience for urban flooding aims to achieve the water balance of an area by balancing the increase of impervious surfaces using ample green and grey infrastructure. This paper aims to understand and evaluate the effectiveness of urban resilience measures implemented in coastal cities worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern large cities and metropolitan areas are characterized by high-rise dense buildings and developed transport networks and engineering infrastructure. In connection with the increase in the population of the Earth, there is a need for additional residential spacethat causes urban planners to make changes to the layout of urban areas. The improvement of urban areas, the construction of modern high-rise buildings, and the growth of transport networks leads to the active consumption of energy resources. Energy consumption by urban facilities and vehicles increases the emissions of pollutants into the air of the city. In this regard, the environmental situation of both separate urban areas and the entire city is aggravated. In addition, the construction of new quarters with high-rise architecture and dense buildings violates the existing microclimatic and aeration regimes of the area. As a result of the violation of aeration conditions in urban and inter-house spaces, zones with a high concentration of pollutants are formed. The article analyzes the sources of environmental pollution and identifies the sources characteristic of major cities. The paper presents the results of field observations and studies of the space between buildings. These data have made it possible to reveal the role of convectioncurrents of thermal origin in the air exchange of urban space is revealed. In the absence of aeration of urban spaces, convection currents that arise due to the temperature difference between building surfaces during exposure to solar radiation can play an important role in improving the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focus on the urban land uses and covers techniques that have used for classification and mapping which is considered to be one of the main aspects of the decision making in the developing countries that urbanized widespread. Land use and land cover LULC classification and mapping are two aspects of decision making in developing countries with widespread urbanization, and can be used in climate change, agriculture, ecology, water quality, improving living conditions, and identifying and developing regional development plans. This classification and mapping used in climate change, agriculture, ecology, water quality, improving living standards and identifying and developing plans for regional development. Remote sensing imagery have been used for land cover and land uses classification and urban land mapping. However, there is limitation due to hardly identifying urban land use and land function issues due to the rare of high-resolution urban land use maps availability along with having a low accuracy. In this paper several different methods have been discussed adopted for this purpose including the use data from multisource remote sensing with WeChat mobile application data, Landsat 8 Imagery with open social data, and area of interest AOI method. All of these methods have proved to be successful in their area in urban land use mapping and LULC classification by giving an improved accuracy in mapping and classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the Covid 19 pandemic, Vietnam is a developing country, experienced positive economic growth in 2020 which will lead to an increasing demand for transportation and transportation services especially in urban areas, like Ho Chi Minh City, the Vietnam's most populous city. However, the use of many personal vehicles (i.e., motorcycles or cars) would in turn increase fuel consumption and the emissions that cause environmental pollution. In addition, a greater transportation need also increases travel costs and reduces productivity. To attract passengers to public bus transport service than using other private vehicles in Ho Chi Minh City, this paper investigates critical factors affecting the quality of urban public passenger bus transport service. The research results showed that safety is the most critical factor affecting the quality of urban public passenger bus transport service in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As cities grow in population numbers, they tend to generate more garbage. Effective waste management practices are essential for a healthy and clean environment. This paper presents a unique way of tackling Garbage Classification using customized VGG16 Convolutional Neural Networks. The model suggested was 92.96% accurate at predicting the correct outcome for each example in the test set of 8,363 images in each category consisting of various types of garbage. Using this model, a system is proposed where the image of the garbage is captured and classified accurately as "Biodegradable" or "Non-Biodegradable", aiding the user in the precise use of the proper garbage bin for disposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthquake is a phenomenon of vibration on the earth's surface due to the release of energy caused by shifting plates in the earth's crust or due to tectonic symptoms or volcanic activity that causes seismic waves. The seismic waves may cause building structures to experience collapsing or destruction because they capacity is lower than the seismic loads that occur at the moment. ideally, the physical infrastructure facilities of a region/city such as buildings, bridges, roads, and so on should be designed to endure seismic loads so that they can still carry out their service functions even though experiencing a decrease of their strength. The resilience of a city, as the ability of it to face the stresses of a disaster, survive and then return to its normal conditions, must be measured as a basis or tool for government to take a decision while the city is under seismic disaster. This paper focuses on classification of housing buildings in Surakarta City as a representation of cities in Indonesia for region resilience purposes. The classification process begins with building a database model for storing, manipulating and analyzing the housing data in MariaDB database management system platform installed at web server. The And roid application is developed for user interaction with system as a tool for data collection and connected with PHP scripting language as middleware to communicate with the web server. The application uses OpenStreetMap as Geographical Information Systems (GIS) API library to load map into application. The result is an And roid application called UrbanRes V.1 for housing data collection. The UrbanRes V.1 is designated for crowdsourcing data collection in the future. It is found that the majority buildings at Surakarta City are low-rise building which vary from one story to two story buildings and have 96.51% in proportion. The most used structures of building at Surakarta City are reinforced concrete with average around 75% for both column and beam. The data are then to be analyzed in term of the potential damage and loss estimation when a seismic disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of sustainable urban areas cannot be separated from the management of the Cultural Conservation objects in them. Cultural heritage is the collection of human knowledge, beliefs, skills and artifacts that are passed from one generation to another. Cultural heritage is an important part of our history and culture. It has been said that cultural heritage is a 'living entity' because it changes over time as new information and knowledge are added to it. Cultural heritage can be seen in many different forms such as buildings, artworks or objects made from materials such as wood or stone. These things have been around for hundreds of years and have now become part of our history and culture which we should try to preserve for future generation. There needs to be an effort to maintain the existence of the Cultural heritage and its value by protecting, developing and utilizing it. Based on the Law of the Republic of Indonesia number 11 of 2010 concerning Cultural Conservation, Cultural Conservation Buildings are material cultural heritages that require conservation efforts. Preservation of Cultural Conservation Buildings is carried out to maintain its existence through protection, utilization and development efforts. In each aspect of conservation, spatial data is needed to support decision making. The development of survey and mapping technology to support the need for spatial data is not only used for basic map needs, but can also be applied to other thematic needs, one of which is in the preservation of Cultural Heritage. It aims to be document for the preservation of cultural heritage, determining the area of cultural heritage, zoning and development of a cultural heritage master plan. Other things, the existence of a Cultural Conservation information map provides other benefits as a consideration in preparing spatial plans both Regency/City, Provincial and National. This paper will discuss the mapping of cultural heritage in Indonesia based on their needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclist bike share programs are now a big part of how cities look and will look in the future. These programs are meant to provide a handy and environmentally friendly way to travel short distances, could help ease traffic, get people to live healthier lives, and make the environment cleaner. As these bike share systems grow, they produce a lot of data that can be used to make them more efficient, easier to use, and have a bigger effect overall. This paper examines the cyclist bike share data, using data analysis techniques, visualization tools, and statistical methods to look at system usage patterns, user demographics, popular routes, seasonal changes, transportation impacts, accessibility and equity, maintenance challenges, and future works. This study promises to give city planners, transportation authorities, and bike share operators useful information. This will help these programs work better, be more accessible, and last longer in cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of smart cities is necessary in order to enhance the management of urban resources through the use of cloud and fog computing, owing to a multitude of pressing concerns and evolving urban dynamics. In this paper, the incorporation of cloud and fog computing with a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is presented to enhance the efficiency of urban resource management in the context of smart cities. As the process of urbanization intensifies, cities are confronted with unparalleled obstacles in their pursuit of sustainability, optimal resource allocation, and enhanced well-being for their inhabitants. Smart cities, which are constructed based on the concepts of technology-driven efficiency and sustainability, provide novel resolutions to these intricate urban challenges. The integration of cloud and fog computing technologies is the fundamental basis for the development of CPS. A CPS-based framework is presented that serves as a bridge between the physical and digital realms. An algorithm for task placement for urban resource management is proposed that reduces the latency and network consumption to facilitate the seamless integration of real-time data monitoring, analysis, and control mechanisms for essential resources. In the simulation, the iFogSim toolkit is used for performing the experiments. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed framework. Through the utilization of these technologies, smart cities have the potential to establish a foundation for urban environments that are characterized by enhanced sustainability, efficiency, and livability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pristine images of the skies are deceiving. The air living beings breathe lies invisible hazardous particles which can adversely harm them. One such compound is sulfur Dioxide. These gaseous compounds are born from the combustion of sulfur-containing fuels and various industrial processes. Accurate prediction of urban air quality is crucial for well-being. This research delves into a novel approach for forecasting SO2 concentrations in cities. The proposed method leverages readily available hourly data, over the span of a month, extracting informative trend attribute from past SO2. Through the application of Machine Learning Regression Models, this paper provides an innovative approach in predicting these SO2 values, Utilizing data from 5 diverse cities. We achieved our aim of identifying the best performing models, Decision Tree Regression and Random Forest regression, from all the models that were compared for this study according to the performance metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve autonomous driving, Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is an indispensable system enabling cars to localize and navigate urban areas. SLAMs suitable for cars should not require too much computational resources and high-end hardwares, while being able to identify locations with similar textures and rely primarily on vision cameras. Several Vision SLAMS are therefore reviewed and further investigation with other studies trying to tackle the issues in previous studies. This study mainly focuses on SLAMs that utilize 2D visual data to match 3D point cloud data. Later studies try to reduce the storage space required for 3D maps and make the matching process robust to lighting and weather changes. This paper also investigates SLAMs that use only 2D views and 2D image datasets. Later studies improve the localization precision and efficiency of matching real-time views and images from the dataset. Finally, a comparison between the 2 methods are presented, showing that 2D-oriented system can run more quickly, while being less precise, and 2D-3D combined systems tend to generate more precise localization results but requires longer run time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Longitudinal data consists of repeated observations made from time to time on each individual. The correlation between observations within the same unit in longitudinal data makes the Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) an appropriate method for the analysis of longitudinal data. GLMM will not have a good estimation if the data contains missing values. To solve this problem, the imputation method is used. This paper discusses two imputation methods, namely mean and median row. The missing value is filled with the average or median value of all the values in the subject. It is known that poverty cases in districts/cities in Eastern Indonesia contain the missing value. Thus, poverty cases in these areas can be used as case studies of the data used. The purpose of the study is to form a GLMM model longitudinal with the Poisson response variable on poverty data in Eastern Indonesia to obtain factors that positively and negatively affect poverty in eastern Indonesia and obtain the right method of median row and mean row in the imputation methods to handle missing values based on the AIC value of the resulting estimate using GLMM. A mean row method is recommended to impute the missing values in Longitudinal data of poverty cases in Eastern Indonesia's districts/cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic has become a fundamental problem which each of us is facing due to the boom in a wide variety of automobiles in the course of the world, mainly in metropolitan cities. Therefore, there is a need for advanced traffic controlling techniques to eradicate accidents in heavy traffic areas. Traditional strategies might be requiring a huge amount of simulation runs to develop the device. It could be very easy to develop and implement an intelligent traffic light controlling system by using microcontroller technology. In this paper raspberry Pi Pico will be used as micro controller. By using Integrated Development Environment, we can develop a program. The main objective of traffic lights is to ensure that traffic moves as smoothly and safely as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]