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The theory of critical distances (TCD) is one of the most promising approaches to the prediction of material fracture, in which the stress concentration effect is taken into account. To date, the TCD has proven itself as a successful method for assessing the fatigue, static and dynamic strength of components with stress concentrators. However, for dynamic loading the theory was verified only on a small list of materials. This paper confirms that the application of the theory of critical distances to specimens made of structural steel 08X18H10T with different geometry features under dynamic deformation is a successful technique for estimating dynamic strength, and it allows a substantial reduction in the program of experiments in determining the ultimate loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]