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Malaysia has targeted to achieve 40% of renewable energy (RE) by 2035. It is evident that solar energy shall contribute the largest portion of the target due to the abundant resources of solar in Malaysia. Nevertheless, Malaysia should not limit its' RE resources to only solar energy. This includes RE in the likes of wind energy. Although generally Malaysia has comparatively low annual average wind speed, numerous studies have shown that there are several areas with relatively higher annual average wind speed. These areas may potentially be considered for wind energy development. Several methodologies have been utilized by researchers to identify such areas. Several researchers opted to develop wind maps to identify the potential area in Malaysia for wind energy development. Interpolation methods such as Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) and Kriging are commonly utilised in wind mapping studies as these methods are effective to estimate the wind speed at unmeasured area. This paper reviews the comparison between the wind speed interpolation methods which are IDW and Kriging for wind energy applications in Malaysia. Among the interpolation parameters compared include input, results and validation. The way forward proposed by this paper will aid as a reference for future advances in wind mapping in Malaysia and its surrounding region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaysia is among the highest consumers in terms of energy consumption and intensity per capita in Asia. In 2020, per capita energy consumption in Malaysia will be 2.7 toe. Where it turns out to be higher than the neighboring country. Per capita electricity consumption has increased from 3 900 kWh per capita in 2010 to 4 600 kWh in 2020. The objective of this paper is to study the energy scenario in Malaysia, especially after going through the Covid 19 pandemic phase which has crippled almost the entire economic sector of the country and see how the potential for renewable energyin Malaysia after going through the pandemic phase. Where Malaysia is focusing on sustainable and prudent energy use and efficient resource management under the 11th Malaysia Plan (2016–2020) through introduction of the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP) (2016–2025). NEEAP provide instruments for the successful implementation ofenergy efficiency strategies in country through well-coordinated and cost-effective energy implementation efficiency measures in the industrial, commercial and residential sectors. Realize need to improve energy efficiency and conservationinitiatives, Malaysia is developing a comprehensive new Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act (EECA) in an effort to reach its country aspirations, as well as the effective use of energy across key sectors. EECA will outline the comprehensive measures necessary to promote the efficient use of energy, including goal setting, communication, and education. It will also initiate measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as a regulatory approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applying energy management approach is an effective strategy to implement initiatives to reduce energy costs from energy saving measures. In implementing energy efficiency measures through energy management, standards are often being referred and used as the guides. Standards related to energy management can be classified into management standard and technical standard. Rating systems are often developed with specific requirements that will used to determine the level of rating to be achieved for specific project or building facilities. These requirements are grouped and managed in the form of points or scores for each requirement. For the recognitions or to gain credentials of the use of any standard, the next step for the organization is to obtain the third-party involvement through certification or rating based on chosen the standard or rating system. In Malaysia, there are locally and international energy management standards and green building rating systems that are referred and applied and this paper will explain and discuss further two energy management standards namely ISO50001:2018 Energy Management Systems — Requirements with Guidance for Use and ASEAN Energy Management Scheme (AEMAS) Energy Management Gold Standard (EMGS) and one rating system which is Green Building Index (GBI) in Malaysia. The adoption of energy management system standards and the use of rating system related too energy efficiency can play a significant role in promoting this shift toward more intensive and sustainable energy efficiency implementation in Malaysia through initiatives by the government and measures taken by users especially large energy users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Malaysia, there are at least l0,000 government schools that are operating five days a week, for ten months every year. All these schools' energy usage and bills are under the responsibility of the Ministry of Education Malaysian Government. The majority of the schools were traditionally designed and are still being used even though the age of the buildings is more than 30 years. In essence, not much energy efficiency design and management were incorporated into the initial designed. The demand for energy use is expected to rise dramatically in the coming years due to many factors such as the increasing number of students' enrolment and the demand for comfortable indoor environment in response to global climate effects. Therefore, there are many ideas, concepts and technologies that have been introduced towards energy conservation in buildings. The Malaysia Energy Commission introduced Energy Efficiency (EE) Challenge for schools to participate and win prizes offered by the agency. It is one of the government's initiatives to reduce energy consumption in schools and mark a starting point for schools in Malaysia moving forward to becoming energy efficient school building. The design element with lean energy management is the sole focused on passive retrofit strategy. This paper highlights the data of five schools that have consistently joined the EE Challenge from 20l6 to 20l9. The method of data secured is from the submitted report of EE Challenge to Malaysia Energy Commissions. Most of the schools managed to reduce their energy usage after participating in the challenge. Remarkably, the passive design technique implemented can effectively reduce electricity bills in schools. This study contributes to the buildings stakeholder, building industry professionals and national or international organizations who preferred sustainable building practices. On top of that, the government will benefit in terms of reducing the cumulative amount of electric bills that need to be spent annually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes the framework for the implementation of an On-Bill Financing (OBF) scheme that is designed to catalyse the transformation of commercial buildings to be energy efficient. The scheme funds eligible consumers to switch their old appliances to 5-star energy equipment with no capital investment from the building owner. Repayments are made through offsets from the reduction in their electricity bill. This scheme is projected to have as low as 1% default rate. It is expected to offer commercially attractive, off balance sheet financing model for implementation of turnkey energy efficient building retrofits. This will address the high up-front cost of undertaking building retrofits, financing capability and will deliver significant financial, energy savings and CO2 emission reductions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to examine the short-run and long-run dynamic causal relationship between energy consumption and income per capita both in bivariate and multivariate framework over the period 1971-2014 in the case of Malaysia [1]. The study applies ARDL Bound test procedure for the long run co-integration and Granger causality test for investigation of causal link between the variables. The ARDL bound test confirms the existence of long run co-integration relationship between the variables. The causality test show a feed-back hypothesis between income per capita and energy consumption over the period in the case of Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to examine the short-run and long-run dynamic causal relationship between energy consumption and income per capita both in bivariate and multivariate framework over the period 1971-2014 in the case of Malaysia [1]. The study applies ARDL Bound test procedure for the long run co-integration and Granger causality test for investigation of causal link between the variables. The ARDL bound test confirms the existence of long run co-integration relationship between the variables. The causality test show a feed-back hypothesis between income per capita and energy consumption over the period in the case of Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the findings of a case study to achieve energy-efficient performance of conventional office buildings in Malaysia. Two multi-storey office buildings in Federal Territory of Malaysia have been selected. The aim is to study building energy saving potential then to highlight the appropriate measures that can be implemented. Data was collected using benchmarking method by comparing the measured consumption to other similar office buildings and a series of preliminary audit which involves interviews, a brief review of utility and operating data as well as a walkthrough in the buildings. Additionally, in order to get a better understanding of major energy consumption in the selected buildings, general audit have been conducted to collect more detailed information about building operation. In the end, this study emphasized low-cost and no-cost practice to achieve energy efficiency with significant results in some cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As Malaysia progresses towards 2020, the depleting resource of oil and gas has forced a re-look at alternatives to replace fossil fuels as energy sources. Among the viable options is nuclear energy, enabling us to meet energy needs and sustain national development in the twenty-first century. Three essential steps Malaysia must take to introduce nuclear power into its energy mix are: energy planning, infrastructure development, and deployment. Malaysia has to face a series of challenges, including public acceptance, waste management, minimizing proliferation risk, and ensuring the security of nuclear plants and materials. Timely development of qualified and competent manpower is a key limiting factor in the development and transfer of nuclear technologies -- and education and training take time, effort and money. There is a need for political will. Within the Asian region, China, Korea and Japan are in the forefront in utilizing nuclear power to meet electricity demands. Countries such as UAE, Bangladesh, Vietnam and Turkey are moving ahead with the nuclear option for electricity generation and they have begun planning and construction of nuclear power plants. Against this backdrop, what are Malaysia's moves? This paper discusses various options and challenges, obstacles and repercussions in meeting future energy demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change due to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is one of the most complex challenges threatening our planet. This issue considered as a great and international concern that primary attributed from different fossil fuels. In this paper, regression model is used for analyzing the causal relationship among CO2 emissions based on the energy consumption in Malaysia using time series data for the period of 1980-2010. The equations were developed using regression model based on the eight major sources that contribute to the CO2 emissions such as non energy, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), diesel, kerosene, refinery gas, Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) and Aviation Gasoline (AV Gas), fuel oil and motor petrol. The related data partly used for predict the regression model (1980-2000) and partly used for validate the regression model (2001-2010). The results of the prediction model with the measured data showed a high correlation coefficient (R²=0.9544), indicating the model's accuracy and efficiency. These results are accurate and can be used in early warning of the population to comply with air quality standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]