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The Details of accidents on roadways, in workplaces, or public areas will be addressed in this study paper, it can have severe repercussions. In recent years, there has been an increase in interest in studying mishap data in a bid to comprehend their causes as well as create effective protection strategies. This paper will investigate the different approaches and methods used in the analysis of mishap data and associated effects, emphasizing the advantages and disadvantages of this approach, and giving instances of effective uses in various contexts. Analyzing mishap data and associated factors aids in the identification of patterns and trends, the development of predictive models, and the creation of measures to reduce the risk of accidents as well as improve overall safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to present how native Jakartans, or Betawis, are transforming their traditional livelihoods in the wake of four decades of urbanization. Specifically, this paper looks at the Rawabelong neighborhood known as a location to buy decorative plants, flowers, orchids, and plant-related accessories for decades. This primary research, including historical analysis and timeline mapping, site visits and analysis, and interviews with the local Betawi populations, was conducted as part of Tarumanagara University's Urban Lab in the Department of Real Estate and Urban Planning. The findings reveal both a loss of traditional livelihoods and neighborhood character due to urbanization, as well as the existence of resilient pockets of Betawis who have not only continued their traditional livelihoods but also used creative means to evolve their business along with the process of urbanization. We learn from the investigation that there persists a large demand for these small businesses, that the continuation of these businesses and activities are essential to the distinct character of Jakarta urban culture, and that the physical spaces resulting from these activities are unique and holistic in an increasingly acrid urban environment. By presenting these results, the Urban Lab team aims to bring recognition to the importance of such areas to the fabric and culture of Jakarta, as well as initiate discussions amongst stakeholders on how to maintain and enhance the livelihoods and physical spaces such as those present in Rawabelong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transformation of urban environments is a complex process that should always be an upgrade of urban conditions, linked with socio-economic factors. Such a process demands a participatory, open approach that is not available in most transitional societies and can in some cases lead to a negative gentrification process. The urban tissue discussed in this paper is a part of an industrial city, mostly built-in the modernist style of architecture as well as its urban matrix. It does contain some historic heterogeneous areas that were once important parts of the city center, but its role has been degraded over time. This is not only about a case study, but rather a model for situations that many cities encounter in their quest to revitalize within a similar urban condition. The city of Zenica has a strong industrial/modernist image that shapes the image with all positive aspects (functionality, quality of public spaces, and architecture) and negative (lack of urban continuity form such as „traditional "streetscapes). The questions posed here would be to explore different urban regeneration scenarios and possible interventions within proposals that can range from upholding and enhancing the existing character with more subtle or invasive approaches, or creating a kind of a new hybrid urban and architectural typology that will emphasize all elements of iconic cityscape to the character of the specific site. A set of key parameters is introduced to objectively assess different models presented and assessed through quantitative and qualitative attributes. This approach to urban rehabilitation of mixed (modern and partly historic) transitory urban tissue, must be done with the awareness of the stratification/layers and capacity of a place. Adaptive reuse and constant upgrade of the existing structures is a shift from an architectural makeover into a responsible intervention scenario that serves to improve above all the dwelling conditions and uphold adequate space use. Urban rehabilitation that deals with stratification looks at the city as a living organism - with its hidden substructures that support life and visible manifestation of built tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to consider the possibility of the adaptive reuse of former Italian penitentiary buildings as tourist accommodation. This paper is a practitioner viewpoint paper, therefore it is not based on any particular methodological approach. It describes the project launched by the Agenzia del Demanio of Italy (State Property Agency) for the transformation and redevelopment of public real estate; it analyzes some international and domestic cases of former prisons' being changed over to tourist accommodation facilities. The paper identifies three methods for adapting former penitentiaries to tourist purposes: Italy has been characterized mostly by the recovery of the islands hosting abandoned prisons as preserved natural areas, while less frequent is the changeover of former penitentiaries located in urban areas, or in historical and cultural sites. The paper seeks to highlight some possibilities of adaptive reuse of former prisons, which seem not to have been fully exploited in Italy. The project by Agenzia del Demanio might be the appropriate tool to this aim, especially if more specifically focused. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Face detection is the most popular area of research in the vision of computer science, this paper reviews the function of automatic face recognition and search on video flow from observing cameras in open or business locations. It is critical detection of the people when looking, for example, exhibitions, public spaces inside buildings, and shopping malls. Web cameras were used for face recognition and tracking in the prototype, which was developed on open-source boards Arduino Uno and Processing with Open CV. This framework can be used for security purposes, such as tracing the visitor's face and detecting and tracking it. Using Open CV, a software web camera. From using proposed method, found which time taken to find the face was fewer than 0.5 s that processes of proposed method will usages the real time purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban planners often have a good vision for the urban environment, but that vision is usually limited to visual aesthetics. The sound-based qualitative perspective of the urban environment, which includes sonic and ecological diversity in urban design, is generally ignored. The soundscape approach can be the most effective system for application in urban planning. This paper aims to apply the soundscape approach to urban planning and explore the impact of sound on the formation of urban open spaces through a case study of the Surakarta City parks Indonesia. A mixture of quantitative and qualitative research methods was used. The quantitative method was used to measure background noise using a sound level meter and visualize with a surfer mapping software. The qualitative method was used to observe behavior, the physical environment and perception through interviews. In this context, the paper concludes that the concept of the soundscape is a well-established theme in acoustic environments to identify acoustic data that is compared with the human perception of the environment. Human perceptions of the natural environment and elements of natural sounds, as physical factors, can shape human settlements into a better living environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space beneath the flyovers in Dhaka has already been occupied with an informal economic activity, just like other traditional street usages in Dhaka. These organically formed, off-the-grid activities should be an integrated part of our planned urbanization activity. Evicting street vendors from the streets overnight is not a feasible alternative. The City Authority has continually failed in its quest over the decades. The visible conflict between the street vendors and the rest of the city authority has become classic. We need to establish a win-win arrangement for both parties. Through theory and practice, we must attempt to comprehend the issue. This paper aims to understand the informal activity placed space beneath flyover theoretically. On the contrary, Flyovers can be found throughout Dhaka, and providing architectural solutions for specific sites requires a long period. Hence, this research will explore the scope of module design as a prospective solution to accommodate the module design. Maybe a probable solution to shape the informal activity gathered in the space beneath flyover into organized arrangements. The research will follow a case study-based method and a qualitative inquiry. The research will study several flyovers in Dhaka and their informal activity. Finally, the paper aims to develop an architectural module design framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the possibilities of using a mobile application and geofencing technique as a social distancing mechanism in developing a smart queueing system (SmartQ) for multi-organizations in the Urban Transformation Centre (UTC) in Melaka. The use of digital ticketing system, model for queueing, the relationship between geofencing technique, and social distancing practice are presented and discussed. The problem concerning the social distancing at the public area when involving in the queueing system at UTC Melaka. A conceptual model of the smart queueing application is designed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the urban grid of downtown Baghdad City through a scientific and quantifiable approach. The research methodology includes a case study and the application of Space Syntax, which offers various measures to describe the spatial properties of urban areas and produces specific, computable data related to concepts of integration and segregation. The selected urban grid, which spans a one-kilometer square, was analyzed at several levels of integration in relation to the distribution of land uses. The results show a strong relationship between integrated streets and commercial and mixed-used activities at the whole level (HH Rn), while there is a clear connection between segregated streets and residential activities, supporting the concept of privacy and isolation for residential areas. The integration measure analysis clearly indicates the integration of urban structures, and frames the old historic fabric with an angle shape when compared to the larger grid. Despite minor variations between the three operations, which employed three radii (Rn, R3, and R5), continuity is shown between the three levels of integrated urban buildings. The paper demonstrates the effectiveness of Space Syntax in analyzing the urban grid of Baghdad City. The findings highlight the relationship between urban integration, land use distribution, and the spatial properties of the built environment. The study provides insights into the significance of integration and segregation in urban areas, offering a valuable tool for urban planners and designers in optimizing the design and planning of future urban spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Security, safety, and sustainability are concepts that have long been discussed in space governance issues to prevent any damage. However, the challenges of an increasingly congested and complicated space environment make the functional loss and even the space assets themselves bigger and need to be mitigated. The resilience approach was then developed by several countries in response to these challenges. Indonesia also faces the same challenge even though its space assets are still relatively few. Nevertheless, the application of the concept of resilience in its space activities has not yet been elaborated on in its own space policy as well as in the discourse of resilience policy in general. Therefore, this paper discusses the development of the concept of space resilience in the literature and reflects it into policies and practices in Indonesia. The study method used is desk research. In the end, this paper finds that the reinvigoration of Wawasan Nusatara concept as Indonesian geopolitics could be the focal point for introducing space resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses modern technologies in the development of new materials, the use of which improves the quality of products, influences the search for new forms in the design of the architectural environment: landscaping, small architectural forms, bicycle equipment and special accessories for citizens with disabilities. Authors are analyses the results of research on the use of the latest materials of modern scientists in various fields of science: ecology, materials science, economics, mathematics, architecture, building physics, medicine. The concept of development of use of technologies of 3D printing with a combination of recycling are presented. The use of new technologies as the only possible in the conditions of the development of the Moon and Mars and in places of catastrophes, also in social orders for inclusive design, comfortable ergonomic furniture for interiors and urban public spaces. Futuristic possibilities in the formation of architectural objects of architectural environment based on parametric design, bio tectonic and fractal regularities. Review of organoid technologies from nature innovations: banana waste, bamboo fibre in sandwich composites, solar paper, honeycomb paper, bio based architecture was conducted. We noted about the need to address the disposal of products made of modern materials to ensure sustainable environmental development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public participation and citizen engagement in the decision-making processes in urban and spatial planning have become natural part of the planning process and significantly affects its outcome. The emphasis on energy transformation of our cities opens new fields of citizen engagement regarding the large city energy projects, as well as the smaller energy transformation project on individual level. Current debate about the climate change and the overall raising of general awareness of the individual energy consumption and environmental footprint may become the driving force regarding the motivation of citizens to be engaged and involved in cities energy projects or to reconsider their own behavioural patterns related to the sustainable energy. While the cities are able to implement such strategies related to the city owned properties, there is an urgent need to properly address the individual property owners and to try to include them in the planning processes, and thus to assure better acceptance of the energy strategies. Mutual consensus and effective collaboration of all the participating actors is an underlying assumption for successful energy management in any given city. Therefore, the focus of this paper is to provide literature review of the citizen engagement regarding the city energy project, it's possible threats and benefits and rising challenges for the planning process as a whole. The paper is summarising experiences derived in Horizon 2020 project Making City focused on promote Positive Energy District (PED) planning and methodology aiming at development of new integrated strategies to address the urban energy system transformation towards low carbon cities, with the PED approach as the core of the urban energy transition pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China provides a unique context to explore urban heritage within the current trend of globalization. In 2014, the Youth Olympic Games held in Nanjing, the impact of the Olympics is not only limited to improving urban branding, but also as a main driven force of urban transformation. This paper examines the role of historical buildings in reshaping the new space of post-industry cities. Focusing on heritage space through a detailed case study of Laomendong, a historical feature area located in the inner city of Nanjing, where attracted consumers and tourists with its historical buildings and culture. Historically, it is the main area connecting the inner city and city wall of imperial Nanjing. During the Ming-Qing period, Laomendong was a booming area, as residents and commercial activities were located here. After reconstruction, the dilapidated historical area has turned into a chic entertainment area which was operated by developer with supported by the government. This paper argues that the historical preservation in contemporary Nanjing serves the same goal of urban development, and in urban transformation process, how the historical buildings in built environment are selected and inserted in the newly built space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fire accidents are adverse events which have led to enormous losses. In our urbanized environment, dense settlements and crowded surroundings piled up with enormous amount of resources and property makes the situation even worse, if affected by fire. As a citizen, we simply wait till the arrival of fire brigade and personnel to extinguish the fire. This delay makes the situation go out of hand. In this paper, we solve the problem by deploying a smart firefighting robot, which can work autonomously in case a fire is detected. The robot works on the sensory inputs provided by sensors, being forwarded to microcontroller which will make the robot carry out necessary actions. Instead of using a fire extinguisher, we mount the water pipe hose over the mechanical arm of the robot. The robot will be moved using caterpillar tracks. The robot being discussed here is highly beneficial for use in public places since fire incurs the maximum loss in such scenarios both in terms of lives as well property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper shows that the features of development of urban planning policy in Russia, in a historical context, are associated with the fact that large-scale urban planning until recently was not carried out in current conditions, while urban planning realities were based on the Soviet legacy created in other economic conditions, with the assumption of other economic, social and spiritual needs of the city people, both existing and potential. With the change in the economic formation, strategic urban planning, until recently, was not carried out on the required scale; the basic goal on the scale of urban development was to ensure the survival of the population, which also had a negative impact on the state of the space of post-Soviet Russian cities. It is concluded that at present it is necessary to rethink the principles of development of Russian cities, which differ significantly from the urban planning practice of other developed and developing countries. The results of the study indicate that it is necessary to rethink the functionality of the urban environment, its consistent and systematic planning. In conclusion, the paper shows that in order to solve the set tasks, it is necessary to rethink the heritage of several economic and cultural structures of society, considering the current socio-economic and cultural situation. Wherein, the data for the period since 2000 show that at present it is necessary to search for interaction between the various dominants of the city. In modern conditions, decisions in the field of urban planning policy adopted in previous historical periods do not correspond to the current situation; to a greater extent, it is determined by economic reasons or local social priorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes cyber law in the modern era and its relation to legal tools for public surveillance, and its argument on public data protection and security. Or these laws invade the privacy of those subjected to these laws and are designed to serve those who enacted the laws rather than protect the public for those laws were formed. The paper reviews a global perspective, curtailment of citizens' liberties, misusing private data of citizens, and different laws came into the picture, how those laws being used to invade citizens' privacy. Then, by drawing up the relevant provisions of the Information Technology Act, 2000 and dealing with the provisions of the law on the Right to Information, 2005, it discusses the major provisions concerning cybersecurity. This paper explores the theoretical approach to regulating personal data and the normative foundations of the GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) of the European Union and the analysis of the new Data Protection Act, PDP (Personal Data Protection) Bill, 2018. The paper will also touch on a few other standouts global cases, which will demonstrate data breach, compromise of data, and cost to the company and its customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Architecture represents silent assets that can show the forces of place, as it is a language, and technology is a means to show that language. The architectural effect varies on the human perception between darkness and light, its psychological impact, and the place's definition. Architecture goes through stages similar to the stages of human growth, from being a child to becoming an adult, constantly needing technology to adapt to the factors of time, and this technology is urban lighting, passing through slow mutations without radical changes in its structural structure, where the architecture of the place can increase the value of the place. The absence of indicators and strategies related to architectural lighting technology and its role in enhancing the sustainability of the architecture of place in historical and cultural sites). In light of this, the research hypothesis was determined: (lighting is a key strategy in the sustainability of the historical and tourist architecture of the place); because it enhances employment during the night hours, activates the economic aspects, and creates active and effective social hotspots, which are the basic principles of sustainability. Contemporary technology can also enhance that architecture. Urban lighting is an issue that consists of several aspects: standards, city enrichment and aesthetics, place-making, urban environment formation, architectural and urban structure accentuation, and revitalization of urban spaces through lighting and communication technology without making big changes and simplifying the control of essential functions and Promoting economic; promoting economic and cultural sustainability by revitalizing the selling hours of ancient handicrafts in the region. This research paper aims to shed light on (The role of lighting technology as a basic strategy for enhancing architectural sustainability, enriching the architecture of the place, and increasing urban attractiveness). The research found that urban lighting technology is a positive generator of the values and forces of the place, enhances the attractive values of the recipient, and works to create sustainable place architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to the study of the role of coworking spaces as an actively developing market segment in the era of sharing economy, their potential as a special symbiosis of new project-oriented reality, innovative technology, as well as a new form of business and workflow organization. The coworking spaces being an attractive business model, as well as a new culture of creation and functioning of modern environments, predetermine the relevance of the study. This paper includes an analysis of the research and practices for the development of coworking spaces as hybrid spaces and a functional-spatial symbiosis, being the reflection of the actual representation of the environment quality and forms of living of the "network" generation, allowing to distinguish five discourses (organizational and spatial response to life challenges, a new type of production environment and public space form, a special way to enhance the environment, as well as an educational space). This study discusses the multi-functionality and spatial hybrid properties of the environment, as well as methods of coworking functioning, providing new insights about the typology of architectural spaces, principles of their spatial arrangement integrating production, public and recreational areas. The typology of coworking spaces is proposed as well. The distinctive feature of coworking spaces are described, as well as the object-spatial arrangement and environment design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents two significant localities in Prague, Czech Republic, where new complex approaches of urban and transport engineering in public space will be applied. The paper will present important urban planning measures and specific proposals for the solution and incorporation of transport into public spaces, which will lead to the calming of the automotive transport and also its fluidity will be maintained. Furthermore, the requirement for public transport, bicycle transport and above all to necessary pedestrian relations will be reflected. Integral part of the basic preparation is the economic and transport-engineering analysis, which generally fits into urban planning in given localities. [1] Results of these analyses would be projected to prepared plans and actual projects from praxis. [2] In the article two areas will be introduced, which we dealt with in praxis and where the new approaches to the solution of public spaces and transport-engineering procedures were applied. The first area is Vyton in Prague with important transfer relations in public transport. The second is Hlavka bridge area, which is important node for individual transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last period of time, global economic development has also had strong effects on road traffic. In this context, in view of the forecasts confirming that the upward trend in traffic will continue at least at the current level, effective and sustainable measures are needed to be taken into account by extending the area of intervention to large urban agglomerations. The urban analysis of large urban agglomerations should not be limited to their administrative area, but should be extended to neighbourhoods and other administrative areas, in order to be possible to find optimal general solutions for their operation and development of perspective. At the same time, several factors / specialists: traffic engineers, public administration, specialists in urbanism etc., must contribute to the management of urban development, and an essential part is transport (traffic) with direct influence on economic development, social impact, environmental protection. The paper aims to present some solutions that the administrators of local, county and national transport networks, specialists in the field and other parties involved have proposed and partially implemented in the metropolitan area of Timisoara, in the western part of Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the late 2000s, skyrise greenery has become one of the key elements in the design of urban spaces in Singapore. Due to limitations related to land development and expected population growth in the next several decades, the intensification of land use has increased through the development of tall buildings at high density. As a result, this led to an intensification of competition for the area originally intended for greenery and infrastructure development. Taking into account the limitations of the land available for greening, the logical solution was to introduce greenery in the form of green roofs, terraces, and vertical vegetation. Singapore has favourable conditions for the use of this type of vegetation due to its climate and the significant number of tall buildings. Currently, there are more than 70 hectares of green roofs, which vary in terms of size, height above the ground and planting patterns. In this paper, the authors present Singapore's representative high-rise buildings with garden roofs and sky terrace systems by analysing the structure, function and urban location of these buildings. The selected buildings are not only Singapore's showcase, but also a model in world architecture for tall buildings with advanced greenery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, the uncontrolled expansion and increasingly rapid urbanization of cities are leading to dramatic consequences, such as the fragmentation of ecological assets, the loss of biodiversity and, more generally, the deterioration of environmental quality. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly urgent to invest in the conservation and restoration of green areas, so that the urban system itself can in turn become a provider of ecosystem services. Such initiatives, besides generating positive environmental and social benefits, can lead to significant increases in the real estate values of the area involved in urban regeneration. The aim of this paper is therefore to characterise an innovative Artificial Intelligence (AI) model to assess the incidence of urban greening on property prices. Specifically, we propose an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) that includes among its inputs also proxy variables of environmental quality. The ANN, besides being little used to predict property prices, can set up non-linear relationships between inputs and outputs, and returns results that perform better than traditional forecasting models. The critical steps of the model concern the choice of input variables and the setting of the ANN. In the second part of the work, an application to a real case study will allow the model to be tested and demonstrate how measures to preserve green areas can have an impact on both the community and urban real estate. In conclusion, the aim is to show how AI models, also by integrating them with traditional forecasting models, can: on the one hand, provide valuers with a more rigorous set of information on property performance; on the other hand, enable to appreciate the impact of environmental externalities on real estate value, with consequent effects on the whole decision-making process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, cities are exposed to many challenges and are looking for new efficient solutions that will make existing infrastructure lighter, improve public space and promote sustainable modes of transport. The task of contemporary urban planning and municipal engineering is to provide transport infrastructure to citizens that will save time while being pleasant, comfortable, and environmentally friendly. A significant part of urban sustainability and viability lies in reducing the need for transport and creating quality networks of walking rolutes, cycling routes, and support for public transport. The main goal of the survey is to identify and describe mobility behavior and needs and the associated views and attitudes of the senior population in Small-Scale Cities. Subsequently, detect opportunities for improvement in urban transport. The paper presents the results of a case study of the perception of urbanized public space from the perspective of mobility and transport in the small town of Chotebor in the Czech Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Good architecture speaks for itself. Successful architecture needs no explanation. Can this goal be applied and tested on future schools built in Romania? Having more than 80% of the existing school building stock built until the 1970s, our country urgently needs to drive forward after half a century of stagnation. A strategic vision should be embraced, and long-term programs should begin with the scope of constructing new public buildings to host undergraduate education. Architecture for education should keep the dynamic rhythm of its teaching and learning activities. This research paper analyses the connections between pedagogical processes and architectural design decisions. For structural change to happen, we must first understand the mechanisms perpetuated in traditionalist education, comparing them afterwards to authentic learning, motivated by well-trained teachers on three different competence layers: scientific, psycho-pedagogical, and psycho-social. The Romanian Law of National Education defines the purpose of lifelong learning as the development of the person and the sustainable development of society. Nevertheless, what is important for citizens to know and implement in their day-to-day life? The long-term United Nation's Agenda for 2030 and the European objectives aim to integrate sustainable development into the educational curricula, both for students and teachers, also for all training and certification programs. Together with the forced digitalization of education since March 2020, new perspectives have opened on learning methods that are essential for contemporary schools. Self-centered learning needs flexible spaces and varied furniture, an advanced information technology infrastructure and flexible assessment standards. Network learning requires both study spaces for small groups and spaces for the community. Experiential learning involves mobile laboratories and connections between inside and outside. Collaborative learning requires multiple types of spaces for interactive courses and joint projects. How could a school motivate students and teachers? By what means could the architecture of a sustainable school have the power to educate? Nowadays, every debate about post-pandemic architecture must take into consideration key concepts like resilience and sustainability. These two words incorporate complex meanings and are often overused, becoming buzzwords and not being easy to incorporate by architects or easy to decipher by users. This article explains how sustainable design of educational spaces should be guided by contemporary pedagogical approaches. The school building, the courtyard, the roof, the building site, and the school website, can all offer a range of dynamic methods for teaching architecture, engineering, and environmental sciences. Teachers can act as learning designers, transforming students' experiences into knowledge through guided reflection. Responsive architects can become teachers of sustainability, translating the pedagogical vision into the spatial configuration of the school. A school building will be pragmatically sustainable only if it can encourage learning experiences for multiple intelligences. Successful architecture inspires education to happen by means of its embodied sustainable principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An urban regeneration program must mitigate both the architecture's spatial vision and the socio-economical strategies. From an architectural perspective, its implementation must not be scale-dependent, but rather it should be dependent on the overall unity of space. Public spaces, as key elements in expressing the image of a city, can be seen as tools for measuring the overall urban comfort and for enhancing the urban living conditions. Over time, public spaces incorporated and adapted different meanings to its spatial form. In this sense, the purpose of the research is to define the major characteristics for designing resilient public spaces. Therefore, the principal result of the paper points out the link between social dynamics in urban life and the psycho-sensorial impact of space over people's behavior. In this sense, one relevant conclusion depicts the correlation between urban morphology and social dynamics. Furthermore, the study initiates a discussion on urban voids in a city's spatial fabric. Relevant for understanding the importance, and thus defining a mechanism of classifying urban voids in a city's fabric would be the public-private gradient analysis undertaken on void spaces. With this respect, a duality between "my public square" and "my private garden" is being defined. Another breakthrough in the process of spatial investigation would be the analysis of spatial voids through Gestalt analysis, thus correlating the morphological form with social dynamics. In this manner, the road is paved for a more resilient adaptation of spatial voids to different socio-economical ideas. To sum up, by understanding the triad defined by: Spatial design patterns – Contemporary tendencies in architecture – Implications of social dynamics on the act of "deforming and defining" the architectural space, the study concludes its major directions for analyzing and designing voids in a more resilient manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern large cities and metropolitan areas are characterized by high-rise dense buildings and developed transport networks and engineering infrastructure. In connection with the increase in the population of the Earth, there is a need for additional residential spacethat causes urban planners to make changes to the layout of urban areas. The improvement of urban areas, the construction of modern high-rise buildings, and the growth of transport networks leads to the active consumption of energy resources. Energy consumption by urban facilities and vehicles increases the emissions of pollutants into the air of the city. In this regard, the environmental situation of both separate urban areas and the entire city is aggravated. In addition, the construction of new quarters with high-rise architecture and dense buildings violates the existing microclimatic and aeration regimes of the area. As a result of the violation of aeration conditions in urban and inter-house spaces, zones with a high concentration of pollutants are formed. The article analyzes the sources of environmental pollution and identifies the sources characteristic of major cities. The paper presents the results of field observations and studies of the space between buildings. These data have made it possible to reveal the role of convectioncurrents of thermal origin in the air exchange of urban space is revealed. In the absence of aeration of urban spaces, convection currents that arise due to the temperature difference between building surfaces during exposure to solar radiation can play an important role in improving the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of this work is to develop a new powertrain for an electric bike. A typical electric bike ranging 60KM per full charge will take more than 3 hours to charge and limited availability of public space makes it difficult to install charging stations. In the present work, a powertrain is proposed for electric bike which has its own power generation system. An axial flux alternator is coupled to pedal and whenever the pedaling action in performed, the alternator produces power to recharge battery and run the hub motor of the electric bike at the same time. Hence, the electric bike does not require any charging station and will be environmentally friendly. The mathematical modelling of the proposed electric powertrain was developed and simulated using MATLAB. The respective results of the simulation were discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of public space in Jakarta called child-friendly integrated public space, is managed by the government is expected to meet the needs of all children to grow and develop their skills. They should get the same opportunity to use the space and facilities in child-friendly integrated public space. Generally, public space is known as space which can accommodate all community activities. But as we know, disabled children are rarely found in the child-friendly integrated public space. The objectives of this paper are to examine the physical condition of Bhinneka child-friendly integrated public space as spatial needs in accommodating the disabled children to do their activities. The methods used in this paper are observation and analysis of the child-friendly integrated public space (RPTRA) in South Jakarta related to its access and safety. Hopefully, it could help to create better criteria of child-friendly integrated public space design in supporting disabled children to do their activities comfortably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indoor structures are primarily made of walls and roof, this attenuates the signals from Global Positioning System (GPS) making it impossible to use the traditional method used for external navigation in an indoor environment as it doesn’t provide accurate results. In this paper, the use of Bluetooth beacons is proposed to determine the location of the user and help the user to navigate from one point to another. Strategically positioning the beacons inside large buildings like malls, hospital etc. will enable easy detection of one’s location and help them navigate from one point to another within the building. The paper also proposes a service wherein the crowd inside the building can also be detected thereby helping in the ease of navigation within the complex. Location is detected using trilateration technique while the footfall proposed, is calculated by detecting the number of nearby users. The navigation is done using Dijkstra’s algorithm. The user interface used in this experiment is an android application. The availability of the above mentioned three services i.e. location detection, navigation and footfall calculation will enable users to seamlessly navigate in crowded public spaces like hospitals, malls, movie theatres, public libraries etc. This will ensure that users, especially children, do not get lost in mega-buildings with complex floor plans, thereby ensuring their safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Busan is one of the most densely populated cities in South Korea. The huge pressure that this megacity puts on design in terms of urban regeneration promotes innovation. The purpose of this article is to examine urban rejuvenation through the prism of one particular feature: Busan's open-air traditional markets. South Korea's growth, assisted by a strong policy and backed by Chaebols, has left an unpleasant tangible legacy. When the time came for a review, the Korean government unveiled a new, more forceful policy aimed at boosting economic vitality while also preserving Korean culture. This time, legislators have not strayed from modernity's path and have opted for sustainable design. Busan is an ideal testing ground for this new strategy. In order to preserve the Busan community's cultural past, the strict principles of sustainable design are strictly adhered. Traditional markets are seen as significant public spaces that provide access to fresh produce while also serving as crucial social infrastructure. In Korea, like everywhere, these markets suffered substantial adjustments as a result of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic; however, the methodology of urban regeneration is examined in this paper from two analytical viewpoints (Malecón Boardwalk-Mexico and Saint Jeanne-d'Arc church-France) regardless of the impact of the pandemic crisis on these markets. From the bottom up, we illustrate their importance as public spaces and comment on their shifting social dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air pollution is one of the main factors causing adverse health effects, such as cardiovascular disease, morbidity, and even mortality to humans. In the urban environment, transport is known to be the primary source of air pollution. This paper aims to assess people awareness of air pollution in open public spaces by investigating the relationship between people's dwell time and traffic-induced pollution at sidewalk café/restaurant. First, air pollution was analysed by descriptive statistics. Next, correlation and multivariate analysis were used to seek the relations between traffic, air pollution, and dwell time. The results show that pollution level doesn't significantly influence people duration of stay, but traffic does. It portrays the unawareness of people towards air quality in their surroundings. Furthermore, the unexpected result found in this study is that there are other significant pollution sources such as from cooking and smoking activities. Therefore, policies to improve air quality in urban areas are highly needed from the transport sector and eventually beyond it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As of today, the People's Republic of China is one of the world leaders in space exploration. Relevance of this topic is determined by the New Space Chinese innovational private companies emerging in the aerospace technologies and services market, as well as by increased competition and growing demand in the economic use of outer space, other planets and space objects resources from business and governments. This paper provides a review aimed at analyzing the ongoing transformation of the Chinese space industry ecosystem. Review results demonstrated that China has every chance of taking a leading position in the international space race. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bird markets remain part of Jakarta's cultural interests in the midst of Jakarta's development path to modernization. It brings us to a time-space imagination where birds were owned and traded to resemble the social status of a person, especially in Javanese traditions. It also, therefore, marks the migration period of Javanese to Jakarta who still retains their tradition and culture in the capital city. Today, several markets even persist in the contestation between the process of space acquisition for bird enthusiasts, the formal grids and regulation of urban development, also endemic animals, and environmental conservation. Although contested, it is suggested that the bird market reflects what Foucault implied about heterotopia. The bird market represents a liminal space of the ideal romantic-traditional society which in reality does not 'fit' under the hegemonic urban construct - yet it constructs the way we relate to urban life today. This article seeks through the possibility of exploring 'this otherness' the re-positioning of the traditional market in Jakarta today and how it constructs and is re-constructed by the dominant discourse of the city. It is also argued that this memory of a time that the bird market retains cannot be detached from the social networks of bird enthusiasts who are engaged not only in economic activities of selling, buying, or biding but also in chirping contests. Not only the social value, but the bird market also depicts a political-economic logic between traders, contests organizer, competition jury, and the market as to control - boost or suppress the price of birds and promote particular kinds of birds to be included in the competition which often leads to further exploitation of bird in the natural reserve. This paper concludes on how this nexus of the social, political, cultural, and environmental context of the existence of the bird market shapes and re-shapes the city today and how each actor related to it reflects on the transformation and potential of the bird market in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper begins with the many efforts that have been made to prevent the Covid-19 virus disease. The New Normal lifestyle must be applied and be implemented automatically in society. Wearing a mask, washing hands with a soap, keep a distance, avoiding crowds, and reducing mobility. In addition, there are many regulations in the public places that must enforced, such as maintaining a distance when "sholat" in the mosque, providing hand sanitizer, and hand washing equipment in public places (in front of shops, restaurants, hotel lobbies, etc.), checking body temperature for visitors (shops, malls, hotels, tourist attractions, etc.), as well as various other regulations. The New Normal lifestyle is absolutely applied, including in canteens or restaurants that apply the "buffet or self-service" concept, like restaurants in the most hotels. In this study, the method used is simulation to make the next prototype. The precision and accuracy the sensor is the data looking for. The precision and accuracy of the sensor is connected to the actuator. All of that is controlled using the microcontroller. The result is a prototype design and electronic circuit design. From there, the movement of the prototype that has been designed can be simulated. When the people want to eat one kind of food, the people just put hands in front of the picture (touchless). The food what do you want will served automatically without waiters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is widely accepted that Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) now become the main strategic development to have the better living environment for urban residents all over the world. However, it is really complicated to figure out the actual TOD physical space in accordance to the diverse situation of urban space. There are also conflicts on beneficiary arising from TOD as well as the responsibility for investing in good infrastructure and appropriate human place to ensure the development is sustainable and harmonious. Hence to find a set of analysis tools for TOD that suits to the need of policy makers, urban planners and designers, investors in the process of realizing TODs is still a subject of much interest study of scholars all over the world. Ho Chi Minh City, on the pace of booming populations with over ten million in Vietnam, is constructing the first mass transit line and TOD is being imported as a natural demand. In fact, many properties have rapidly developed along the urban railway as soon as it has just started, showing the potential and challenges of this type of development. However, like many other cities, when applying the TOD model, Ho Chi Minh City faced the most difficult problem that to determine which solution, where applicable to suits their context. There should be a way to determine the current state of development and future potential to select the appropriate action or solutions in each context to orient the development toward ideal TOD model. This paper would like to propose a method for analyzing and evaluating the application of TOD, based on the practical experience of cities with rail transit, and then tailoring specifically to the context status of Ho Chi Minh City, namely the TOD-ID analysis toolset. This toolset will identify the spatial characteristic and the development potential of each station area, even if it is planned or put into use. The TOD pattern represented in structure and form characteristics are in the asymptotic state. So there needs TOD-ID analysis toolset to determine the existing state and the potential for development to establish the basis for choosing development solutions. Specifically, the methodology refers to the TOD standard of ITDP, Sustainable Transit Communities Study – Scorecard Analysis Summary of the City of Los Angeles Mayor's Office, and Denver's Transit-oriented development Strategic Plan 2014, the Performance – Based Transit – Oriented Development Typology Guidebook of Center for Transit-Oriented Development to build up the TOD assessment method. Whereby, the TOD method is based on three criteria systems: character identification, development potential, market readiness. The character identification criteria will be the fundamental base to select structural and spatial design solutions; while the potential development and market readiness criteria are a pair, like the supply-demand rules to identify solutions in accordance to development process. An integrated assessment of these three criteria will classify each station area (TOD unit into three main categories: strategy, standard and prospect. The achievement has proofed that the existing core station areas (Ben Thanh station, Opera House station) have the highest score of character identification and market readiness, while the development potential is low because there is not much land for development opportunities, but the integration of new conversion and renovation works is more difficult and expensive due to the high land value and strict regulations. These terminal areas are classified as Strategic, which serves as a stimulus for urban space around other stations. Existing suburban and industrial zones have a low level of identification, so the market readiness is low. Though the TOD-ID analysis toolset has not been tested in practice in Ho Chi Minh City when the rail transit comes into being operated but its potential through this case study is feasible. This assessment method could be applied to any other place, nonetheless they have or have not had rail pass through, to figure out the potential of TOD and / or TOD action plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thu Duc's new city is on a mission to become one of the huge forces for Hochiminh City in industrial revolution 4.0. Since 2018, City People's Committee has the policy to build a highly interactive and innovative district in the east of Hochiminh city (composed of district 2, district 9, and Thu Duc district). In particular, Truong Tho's future urban area (partition A3) has idealistic projects which highly adapt to the 4.0 data systems being implemented for smart cities. It is expected that Truong Tho will become a model place for the application of digital technology in construction, management, and operation. On the other hand, this area is known as a transport and industrial heritage because of its port. There is with its waterfront value and the convenient links of transport which could be considered as the own urban characteristics. As we know that, each place contains its meaning and is expressed through images of the city, especially in public spaces. Thus, in the context, how will the future public spaces of Truong Tho change? In addition to the extensive integration of a dynamic metropolis, Hochiminh city is being strongly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is predicted that the return after the pandemic will be the development of urban infrastructure more vigorous than ever. With the desire to find a compromise between development and preserving urban values, this paper aims to initiate an in-depth study of the public spaces that will form in developed cities with high-tech applications (smart urban management systems, smart governance, smart traffic, smart communities), as well as the contradiction between modern space associated with digital technology and the preservation of urban characteristics, look like? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relevance and purpose of work: The problem of environmental pollution during the operation of municipal solid waste disposal facilities (hereinafter referred to as MSW) is acute for all Russian regions. At the same time, the world experience of environmentally safe development of post reclamation MSW landfills territories is not sufficiently implemented in Russia. Therefore, the actual purpose of this paper is to study the international and Russian experience in the implementation of development projects on the territories of MSW landfills, to consider the current situation with MSW landfills on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region, to analyze negative implementation experience of the post-reclamation territory use concept in the MSW landfill "Salarievo" case. A comprehensive analysis of the Russian regulatory framework and methodological developments on the design and improvement of public areas in reclaimed areas of MSW landfills, as well as the best foreign practices compared to Russian ones. The research object is landfills of MSW. The research subject is the principal approaches to the implementation of development projects in the territories after the reclamation of landfills of MSW. The received results: the foreign and Russian methodology and practice of rational post reclamation use of the MSW landfills territory practically don't differ. However, at present there is no regulatory framework in Russia allowing to stipulate in the reclamation project further use of such a territory. The former MSW "Salarievo" landfill case gives grounds to formulate the principle that the improvement of the landfill territory is secondary compared to the possible reduction of the sanitary protection zone, which allows significant compacting of the adjacent residential complex "Salarievo Park" (to increase the number of storeys, the buildings density and the final investment attractiveness of the development project). In order to implement the national project "Ecology" and the Clean Country program as part of it, it is essential to develop a regulatory framework for the design of reclamation and elimination of MSW landfills, which allows to obtain Roskomnadzor's permission to use such territories for the investment-attractive development of multi-functional purposes in demand by the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lockdown is one of the policies taken by many countries to prevent the spread of covid 19. In contrast to other countries, Indonesia does not adopt a lockdown policy but prefers Restrictions on Community Activities (PKM). Restrictions on community activities such as referring to lockdown but not in full, the existing policies include four restrictions: cessation of the implementation of activities in schools and educational institutions, restrictions on activities at work, restrictions on religious activities, and restrictions in public places. This paper tries to investigate the effect of restrictions on Community Activities on air quality, especially on the concentration of Carbon Monoxide in one city and partially based on core activity. This study measures the column concentration of total Carbon Monoxide (CO) from the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite. In this study, we analyze the average CO concentration of Semarang City before and during COVID-19 from January 1, 2019, to August 30, 2021. The results show that the policy of restrictions on Community Activities can reduce the value of CO concentration to remain stable at < 30 mol/m2 in core activities with the dominance of local internal transportation within the city (education, settlements, trading center, and industry), while activities with the dominance of transportation outside the city (transportation nodes) produce different things with an average concentration of > 32 mol/m2, but with a downward trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autonomous crowd counting aims to count the number of people in the region and profile their behaviors over time automatically. It is an interest research topic for crowd management, retail store performance analysis, visual surveillance, public space design and intelligent environment. Existing research unto crowd counting yielded many novel publications and has been approached in different angles. These publications produced good results and excelled in single camera view. But on the other hand, viewpoint invariant crowd counting could benefit the surveillance industry by decrease the deployment cost of large cameras network. The goal of viewpoint invariant crowd counting is to learn a mapping from images to count the crowd and then use this mapping in unseen scenes. This paper reviews on the machine learning feature, regression models and the evaluation metric for crowd counting. It covers two main features which are holistic features and local features. This paper also addresses the limitation of current crowd crowding system and discusses the potential techniques for real-time viewpoint invariant crowd counting that possibility to bring the field one step closer towards a "plug and play" system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article sheds light on the essential role of green education and its challenges in the architectural classrooms and the graduation of a distinguished architect who meets the needs of the labor market, and possesses the skills of creativity, development and sustainability to preserve the urban system and enhance its culture within society, and for the acquisition of green education and its concepts and principles a large space in the thinking of specialists and researchers, and because it is A newly born concept that did not take up a wide space in the field of education and university education in general and architectural education in particular. The paper suggests ways for potential researchers to discover the benefits, strategies and challenges of green education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is one of the most important sectors in Indonesia. However, since the COVID-19 pandemic, tourism industries has declined significantly. Restrictions on mobility and activities in public places affect the tourism sector. One of them can be seen from the hotel room occupancy rate (ROR). ROR in Indonesia experienced a significant decline in mid-2020, since the spread of COVID-19 was confirmed in Indonesia. Until the end of 2020, Indonesia's ROR seems to have increased, but still cannot fully recover as before the pandemic. It's been a year since the first COVID-19 case in Indonesia. Various policies have been implemented by the central and regional governments in dealing with this pandemic. To find out how much ROR has improved in 2021, this paper discusses the analysis of national and provinces level ROR in January 2020-June 2021 from BPS survey and big data. These two data are compared to see how well the ROR generated by big data represents the official ROR from the BPS survey. The result from big data analysis show that majority of provinces have not experienced significant ROR improvements in 2021. The result is in line with ROR from the BPS survey, as well as the demand pattern shown from the google trends data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Portugal, the first public housing policies were developed in a high state-control context: the Salazar dictatorship (1933-1968). Until the 1950s, the Estado Novo (the dictatorial regime) actions had an evident paternalistic character by constructing small-scale housing focused on the most urgent cases or aimed at controlling specific sectors of the population. The public effort focused on promoting housing in the country's central districts and cities, given that the population was abandoning rural areas to seek better living conditions in the large cities with a higher level of industrialisation. In this context, the official architectural discourse defended the ideal of the Casa Portuguesa [Portuguese House] as an affirmation of the ideological discourse of the regime. This model advocated a ruralising architecture style by integrating architectural and decorative elements of the region's traditional architecture, including an outdoor garden to grow vegetables, store agricultural, farming or fishing tackle. The single-family dwelling was presented as the only residential type capable of assuming the Nation's principles as seen by the regime, with low-rise and low-density urban designs typical of the garden city. It would become an excellent instrument to enforce the traditional family model and preserving the existing social order. In this regard, the paper proposes to study the first social housing neighbourhoods built in the medium-sized city of Setúbal: Afonso Costa, Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Pescadores and Famílias Pobres. Setúbal has historically played a significant role in the region due to its strategic location within its territorial structure around the Sado Estuary. Linked to the fishing tradition, the city overgrew in the first decades of the 20th century thanks to the canning industry, making it a recipient of the migratory processes that gave rise to social housing construction. The research has identified that these four neighbourhoods respond to a simple-line architecture close to the Modern Movement, especially in their spatial organisation. However, their external image and their urban planning link them to the "Portuguese House" ideals. Most of them consist of one- or two-storey houses, detached or semi-detached with gardens, and their façades incorporate elements typical of the popular architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cities have been affected, throughout History, by earthquakes, big fires, epidemics, and pandemics that sparked moments of reflection and change in the city form and public space quantity and quality. For example, this happened after the Great Fire of London (1666) or the Great Earthquake of Lisbon (1755). After episodes of destruction or disruption, debates and projects forge the urban answer to diminish future losses and risks. From this starting point, we discuss the impact of two distinct public health crisis - the epidemics of the 19th century and the current COVID-19 pandemic - on Lisbon's public spaces. For both periods, we analyze primary sources - strategies, plans, projects, and papers - designed by Lisbon City Council and that depict the ideas and tactics to tackle the urban challenges imposed by the public health crises. With this research, we discuss the impact of public health crises on public spaces policies design through two particular examples in Lisbon, from the 19th century and the current days. Furthermore, we question if these crises served, to any extent, the intentions to qualify public places and introduce a new form and image on Lisbon public spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an ordered community, a society's population is evident in public gathering spaces. Meeting people in such places is done deliberately on particular events, but in times when it is not needed or when the capacity of a place is met, it becomes difficult to mass plan a population's visit. There must be a mechanism to distribute the population over space and time. A collaborative effort to make sure that the crowd density is as low as it can be for the sake of certain problems such as traffic, parking space, pandemics, or natural disasters needs to be made by crowdsourcing information. To overcome these problems, showing the population a real time map of the crowd density in an area over time is one way to curb crowds by voluntary action. In this paper, we present a system of two applications for this purpose. A desktop application which, with the help of CCTV cameras, counts the people in an area and projects that number onto a map, and a mobile application which, with the help of location sensors, will project each user's location alone on the same map. The crowding is evident on a map and hence tells the users the crowd density in an area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than 466 million people suffer from hearing disability comprising of 34 million children and 432 million adults worldwide. People of deaf community are mostly in an uncomfortable situation while visiting or travelling at public places without a sign interpreter. Deaf people are unable to understand any public announcements made at public places. They remain ignorant about the choosing of counter/gate/platform number without the assistance of a sign interpreter. Translation of spoken language to sign language is a very exigent task due to non-availability of standard grammar rules and lack of sign language dictionaries. Sign language translation possesses many challenges. In this paper, open issues and challenges in automatic sign language translation are addressed and future directions are also provided to encounter these issues and challenges. Proper handling of these issues and challenges can help in meeting the communication needs of deaf people at public places very effectively. The development of automatic sign language translation systems in public domains is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the cultural practices of the Gorontalo community that contributes to creating space for the massive spread of Covid-19. By doing a descriptive analysis, this research focused on two types of arguments based on the research findings. Firstly, the massive spread of Covid-19 in.Gorontalo is due to the kinship-based system and social interaction that has been maintained by the community throughout centuries; while secondly, it is due to the overlapping implementation of the governmental policies. By looking at these facts, consequently, the pandemic accelerates within the communities. Interestingly, this massive spread and cluster are found not in the rural but in the villages where the cultural-based system occurs in administrative and private spaces. Thus, it can be concluded that being dependent on the cultures has resulted in the massive spread of the pandemic. In dealing with that, there is a dilemma: keep preserving the culture, reconceptualizing it, or leaving it for the sake of well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fortification as a concept plays an important role in critical discourse regarding (city) development. Fortification represents a condition, where a strong enough "medium" exist in between two spaces. Fortification also gives a strong meaning to add ones forces, to make a particular (mostly designed) space to be stronger, creating a sort of comfort environment. Fortifications could be meta-physical, where it solidifies as an interface, a borderline, the boundary itself. This paper brings discourse into interpretation of fortification, from prior related knowledge to understand the concept of it from each individual within the city structure, which affects the values (actions and behaviors) of the residents differently. The context of urbanism to be discussed refers to studies of urbanity, architecture and urban design. The discussion ranges from the most relevant initial study, significant to the topic built on the presence of fortification, the context of urbanism, space and plot (urban space), and also the boundaries and scope of the research topic. The author sees a phenomenon related to the development of real-estate in Indonesia in the form of the flourishing gated community settlements and exclusive high density urban business entities. This is contrary to the principles of New Urbanism that views accessibility and openness as one of many principles in planning neighborhoods. This is what builds the research novelty and becomes an important element in formulating the state of the art of the author's research plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a system that automatically monitors people wearing face masks correctly or not in public or private places to reduce the spread of the Covid-19. The mask recognizes human faces in real-time in public and feeds them into the MobileNetV2 network. The facial landmarks feature detection has been used to aid in the recognition of people wearing masks to automatically identify the place of facial structures such as eyes, brows, mouth, jaw, and nose. Utilizing Kaggle's different datasets from huge numbers of various images, the proposed system is evaluated on the two types of datasets, the first dataset contains 3,833 photos divided into two categories1,915 faces with masks and 1,918 faces without masks. The second dataset has 7,553 photos separated between 3,725 faces with masks and 3,828 faces without masks. To assess the prediction system accuracy throughout the model training process, the proposed model divides total images into 80% training datasets and 20% validation datasets. The proposed system is trained. The recognition process is achieved using Keras with TensorFlow in terms of accuracy and detection speed. This system achieved high accuracy during the training and testing phase. During the training phase, it achieved an accuracy of 99%, and during the testing phase, it achieved an accuracy of 100%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now-a-days Video Surveillance is required for many public and private places for security purposes. Through the Surveillance of Video, we can monitored human activities in any private and public areas like Schools, Colleges, Shopping Mall, Bus Station, Railway Station, Airports, Banks, Roads and parking lot etc. to prevent suspicious activities like Chain Snatching, Theft, Abandoned Object Detection, vandalism, fighting, terrorism, illegal parking and other crime activities. It is very difficult to monitor CCTV video; therefore Automatic video surveillance systems are very useful to detect abnormal or suspicious activities at any place. Video Surveillance using Deep Learning is very useful to detect suspicious activity automatically and sends alerts to the authorities. This paper consists of a review of violence activity detection at any crowded or less crowded public place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper gives coverage on the providing universal design approaches in the public building design regarding the pandemic risks. It is proved that universal design principles meet the requirements of counteracting to the SARS-COV-19 pandemic. The effectiveness of their use as a way to control virus spreading is proved by practical examples. There are considered the examples of providing architectural and information universal accessibility of public buildings in Ukraine and abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]