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Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) is a fast growing domain in the industrial sector. PHM is concentrates on foreseeing failures and faults by investigating the critical health indicators. The modern technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Block Chain Technology (BCT), Internet of Things (IoT), Edge computing, Internet of Everything (IoE) and cloud computing has facilitated the deployment of sensor in the industrial sector to impart smartness to the machineries. PHM has evolved as an effective tool that tracks the values of the health indicators whose failure is likely to happen at more than one point. The effect of the failures in the industrial machineries may be catastrophic and fatal. However, the industrial maintenance domain is accelerating to develop predictive maintenance frameworks by leveraging the disruptive computing technologies to foresee faults and failures. The track record of Block Chain Technology, with immutable record maintenance can be habituated in monitoring values of critical health parameters of any industrial equipment. The course of the maintenance activity would progress by investigating the degradation signals which are characterized by its temporal nature. Hence, BCT germinated as a natural solution to track the onset of faults and failures by maintaining digital records. The work proposes a versatile BCT based framework that integrates futuristic technologies for industrial predictive maintenance. The high fidelity of block chains ascertains that the happenstances at industrial site can be surveilled at any predefined points in industrial monitoring to detect abnormality in normal operating profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the world of modern era we find many techniques for enhancement of reliability in distribution networks and meeting the consumer demand by provision of quality and incessant power supply. Amidst the various techniques, in this study, we opt for demand response (DR) and charging/discharging of electrical vehicles (EV's) are evaluated to ameliorating reliability for radially distributed power system by adopting teaching learning based optimization (TLBO) algorithm. This analysis is considered due to the contribution of technologies like are DR and EV's for reducing the usage of conventional sources and enhancing the air quality. Here in this paper we are adopting reliability evaluation by considering energy expected not supplied (EENS) and loss of load expected (LOLE)where the characteristics of distribution network contains load and voltage profile. This paper provides a new optimization approach for finding the optimal solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the fast growing of technology, robots play a major role in all places but these robots work individually by having a centralized command from the user for every process or for each completion of work the robot will report to the user. Swarm robot will have a decentralized command each robot will be communicating with each other and work. Each robot will get to know their position with respect to their local neighbors' position and act accordingly. These robots can be used for searching operation and pattern formation. The design proposed will show a homogenous robot where each robot will have same structure and shape so it can be modular. While searching a place these robots will have two stereo type cameras which cover the corner of the place and search for the object. Each robot will have their own microcontroller, actuator and electromagnet. The electromagnets are used for the self-assembly operation where the spaces between the robot will be less and can easily form user defined pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the project, the robot moves onto mining (coal) area to detect harmful gases and temperature then collect the samples. Safety of the human life is important factor in working of a coal mine, safety is first priority in underground tunnel. In previous years the coal mine environment having different accidents takes place of gas explosion, fire, low oxygen, and no proper maintenance. Coal mine area the excess amount of hazardous gases like carbon monoxide (co), methane (ch4), filled in the environment. So that time accident occurs many workers injured and died. This robot will be using coal mining area to detect hazardous gases and temperature value. To send the data to main control system to alert the peoples working on tunnels. And it will be collected some amount of sand to research purpose. So, using this robot in coal mining area to reduce the accident. The robot can control manually or autonomously based on the need. this system having gas sensor to measure the value and RF to transmit the values. Robot enters and move in mine and detect hazardous gas and provide safety against fire explosion, poisoned gases like CO, CH4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing demand for producing surface composites, Friction Stir Processing [FSP] can be considered as a method that can be imposed in producing surface composites. In Friction Stir Processing [FSP], the basic principle involved is microstructural modification of the specimen to achieve the required properties. This paper aims to provide a brief knowledge about Friction Stir Process [FSP] and to summarize the previous studies carried out with respect to Friction Stir Processing [FSP] and how it facilitates change in local microstructure of the specimen. In this paper, we talk through various factors such as machine parameter and Tool parameters, and many more (Dimensions of the pin and shoulder), which needed to be considered to perform Friction Stir Processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world is facing serious threat due to global warming. Several measures have been proposed and the cost effective solution will be the “Tree Plantation”. However, each tree has its own CO2 absorption rate and growth. Based on the literature review, Leucaena leucocephala plant has the highest CO2 absorption rate and higher rate of growth. Also it is a tropical tree which can be grown in waste land in rural areas. The tree has multiple benefits like its leaves being used as fodder and the stem as fire wood. In India 1,00,000 hectares of land has this plantation and it yields 12,000 MT of biomass per year. It has been found that 30% oil yield can be obtained from the seeds. This oil has a calorific value of 39 MJ/kg which can replace the fossil fuel consumption. However, the present research work identified another route for bio-oil production from the seeds. The present work attempted to utilize the seeds of Leucaena leucocephala for bio-oil production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present environmental issues are alarming the use of conventional sources of energy. This has resulted in urgent studies in improving the methods of harnessing renewable sources of energy. The importance of wave energy arises from the fact that it is easily predictable, consistent and cause less damage to land area. The devices developed for tapping wave energy include wave activated bodies that use orbital movements of water, oscillating water columns that make use of wave induced air pressurization, overtopping devices that work like hydroelectric dams and wave surge converters that use horizontal motion of waves. The wave surge converters may be with flaps that protrude piercing the free surface or submerged and hinged at the bottom or top. The pitching motion of the flap can be used to drive hydraulic piston connected to electric generator. The geometry of this flap plays a vital role in conversion of the wave energy in to mechanical energy. Action of the wave on various flap geometry can be assessed by Computational Fluid Dynamics method and an optimum geometry that produces maximum mechanical power output can be derived. In this paper, different flap geometries made of same material and same volume are developed. Their performance under the wave conditions of a near shore point in Arabian sea (15’24’00” N, 73°45’58”E) is found out. The wave heights, wave periods, wave directions, surface current speed and directions, wind speed and directions for a year are collected. The best geometry is derived based on the power capturing capacity under these wave conditions by CFD methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using solution casting method, PVA based polymer composites films with various concentrations of CdCl2 were prepared. Prepared polymer composites films were investigated using XRD. Crystallite size for different concentrations of CdCl2 are computed here using Williamson and Hall plot (WH plot), an in-house program developed by us. To correlate between two independent physical parameters size and conductivity, we have chosen functional data analysis to estimate the maxima and minima in these polymer composites systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automotive industry uses real-time digital radiography for inspection on the assembly line. We have described a new measure, mutual information, which can improve image registration used in automated defect recognition systems used in the inspection. We have compared this metric with the more conventional registration technique that uses the Fourier-Mellin transform. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PVA based polymer films were prepared with various concentrations of CdCl2 using solution casting method. Prepared polymer films were investigated using XRD. XRD result shows that the crystallite size decreases with increase in CdCl2. Presence of CdCl2 creates an inversion center which makes the system more electrolyte. Crystallite size for different concentrations of CdCl2 are computed here using Williamson and Hall plot (WH plot), an in-house program developed by us. Pair correlation study shows that the changes are pronounced in the region of 2Å indicating that the polymer network gets modified with the presence of CdCl2 salt. This is because of the free charge density variation in the polymer complex. The disorder sets in regions greater than 10Å. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Metal oxide nanoparticles, used as fillers in polymer matrices have resulted in remarkable changes in the physio-chemical properties of the resulting polymer nanocomposites. The zinc oxide (ZnO), cobalt oxide (Co3O4) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles were synthesized using solution combustion synthesis. Mechanical properties of the polymer nanocomposites prepared by solvent casting were examined by a nanoindentation technique and they are found to exhibit a notable decrease in the elastic modulus and hardness. The plastic deformation in the polymer nanocomposites occur at a lower indentation depth compared to the pristine PVA indicating that the nanocomposites are more ductile than the host polymer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays Oximeters play an important role in diagnosing symptoms of Covid disease at the same time the demand of the Oximeter in the market has raised. Oximeter uses two photo diodes red and infra-red to transmit and receive the light reflected from the blood vessels after absorption of light, it gives a certain reading which helps in deciding the SpO2 percentage in our body. In this project, it is planned to utilize the max 30100 sensor for the oximetry and node MCU - ESP8266 for the transmission of the data from the sensor. It will be very helpful for the consumer to keep a check on their oxygen level and to check whether there is any fluctuation in their O2 percentage level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are becoming more popular in all manufacturing industries payable to their inimitable attributes such as high strength to weight ratio, incomparable mechanical capabilities, and improved durability. The use of waste materials in metal matrix composites is gaining popularity because they can reinforce particles in a metal matrix, improving the strength qualities of the composites. Furthermore, by recycling these waste materials, you not only save money on product development, but you also reduce pollution in the environment. The need for high-performance, low-cost materials pushed researchers all around the world to shift their attention from monolithic to composite materials. Recently, considerable work has been expended in this field to develop a variety of metal matrix composite combinations. This paper discusses recent developments in the processing, applications, and mechanical characterization of aluminium composites reinforced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pair correlation and line profile analyses of X-ray data obtained for some man-made polymers have been carried out in this report. Results obtained show that the pair correlation is pronounced in the region of 2Å and dies away for regions greater than 10Å in general for all the samples in the neighborhood of the point where X-rays are incident on the sample. Complementary to this study, line profile analysis shows that the crystallite size and strain obtained from Williamson-Hall plot method in these polymers do change significantly. This information is in no way connected to the results of pair correlation study [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate that the thermal demagnetization at temperatures T ≤ 350 K in pulse electrodeposited nanocrystalline (nc-) Ni samples with average grain size d = 10 nm and d = 20 nm is due to spin waves, spin-wave modes soften as d reduces, the interfacial/grain boundary magnetocrystalline anisotropy plays a crucial role in causing magnetic irreversibility at fields H ≤ 2 kOe and in governing the approach-to-saturation of magnetization in nc-Ni. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nanofillers in the macromolecular matrix have displayed noteworthy changes in the structure and reactivity of the polymer nanocomposites. Novel functional materials usually consist of defects and are largely disordered. The intriguing properties of these materials are often attributed to defects. X-ray line profiles from powder diffraction reveal the quantitative information about size distribution and shape of diffracting domains which governs the contribution from small conventional X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques to enumerate the microstructural information. In this study the MgO nanoparticles were prepared by solution combustion method and PVA/NaCl/MgO nanocomposite films were synthesized by the solvent cast method. Microstructural parameters viz crystal defects like stacking faults and twin faults, compositional inhomogeneity, crystallite size and lattice strain (g in %), were extracted using whole pattern fitting method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]