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In this paper, experimental and analytical studies of the energy consumption of rolling stocks in real operational conditions have been carried out. The Human factor, which significantly affects the consumption and recuperation of electrical energy, is minimized, as well as the influence of the railway profile. The measurements provide data on the energy consumption and on the total energy recuperated to the traction grid. The main indicators used in the analysis of the energy consumption have been calculated: relative operating energy consumption for acceleration and traction, relative energy recuperated to the traction grid during regenerative braking and relative net energy consumption. A comparative analysis of the energy indicators in terms of energy consumption with on and off air conditioning systems of the studied trains has been done. Digitization of the results has been made by two approaches – depending on the time range (peak, off-peak and night schedule) and the specifics of the route (the distance traveled). Recommendations have been done in various aspects in order to increase the efficiency of transport and optimize energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]