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The importance of thermal management of batteries and motors is rising as electric vehicles gain popularity. Three crucial technologies for the thermal control of electric car batteries are thoroughly examined in this study: LC, PCMC, and HPC. Each methodology exhibits distinct benefits and is tailored to specific use cases, yet it also presents its set of obstacles and complexities. This paper finds that combining these three technologies can provide a more comprehensive battery thermal management solution. Heat pipes can quickly dissipate heat from hot spots and reduce thermal gradients. Phase change materials can help smooth out temperature fluctuations by absorbing and storing excess heat under high-load conditions. Finally, LC systems can manage the overall heat load by circulating coolant to remove heat from the system and dissipate it into the environment. However, this integrated approach requires careful design and optimization, including consideration of the layout of the components, the heat-generating properties of the different components, and the properties of the selected coolant and phase change materials. Overall, the research in this paper provides valuable insight and opens up new perspectives for understanding and improving battery thermal management in electric vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mini-channel heat sink has been developed to cool small devices, such as electronic devices and central processing units (CPUs). Due to the increasing demand of electric vehicles (EVs), a mini-channel heat sink has been applied in a battery cooling system that must be continually improved to ensure safe and efficient battery use. In spite of the major drawback of high-pressure drop, the mini-channel heat sink is an area of great interest among researchers because it can provide high thermal performance. In regard to reducing pressure drops, a dendritic channel has been developed to alleviate the high-pressure drop problem and provide a better temperature distribution. This paper is a proposal review related to dendritic mini-channel heat sink and its applications in battery cooling systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores various techniques to optimize the operation of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles (EVs). Lithium-ion batteries exhibit their highest performance within a temperature range of 16 to 25°C, while maintaining functionality within a broader range of 0 to 35°C. The article focuses on investigating different cooling methods, including liquid jackets, cold plates, microchannel cooling plates, serpentine channel cooling plates, and coolant immersion, to regulate the temperature of lithium-ion battery packs. The effectiveness of the thermal management system in maintaining the battery temperature within the specified operating range is thoroughly examined through experimental and simulation results. The findings reveal that these cooling techniques successfully control the temperature under various discharge loads. The recorded maximum temperature (Tmax) is 33.82°C, with a delta Tmax (ΔTmax) of 3.18°C at an ambient temperature of 26.5°C. Maintaining an appropriate temperature range is vital for optimizing the performance of lithium-ion batteries in EVs. The results provide valuable insights and pave the way for future research to enhance the thermal management system for lithium-ion battery packs in EVs. This article highlights the significance of maintaining the temperature range of lithium-ion batteries in EVs to ensure optimal performance. The explored techniques and methods present potential avenues for achieving this objective, and the findings serve as a reference for future studies aimed at improving the thermal management system for lithium-ion battery packs in EVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-ion thermal battery management systems are continuously being developed to ensure better battery performance, safety, and capacity. Li-ion battery performance is strongly influenced by its operating temperature. Thus, to maintain its safety and performance, a thermal management system in the form of cooling fluid is necessary to maintain battery temperature. The purposes of this study are to predict the thermal characteristics of LFP battery numerically and determine the temperature distribution among cells in the variations of discharge rate from 0.5C to 1C. A constant 0.1 m/s air flow rate at 25°C are used for evaluating the thermal performance of the twenty-five 26650 LFP battery cells arranged in a 5 × 5 battery pack configurations. In this work, we do both numerical computation and direct experiment. Computational investigation was done using ANSYS Fluent 2020. The battery heat generation model used was Equivalent Circuit Model (ECM) which provided by ANSYS Fluent 2020. Then, the numerical results are validated by an experiment. The data obtained from the experiment are temperatures profile and contours of temperature. The temperature profile is drawn from the data recorded by a 4-channel thermocouple thermometer, while the contours of temperature are captured by using thermal camera. The investigation results reveal that a higher C-Rate gives a higher battery pack temperature; the temperatures achieve in the simulation and experiment show no big difference; and overall battery pack temperatures are below 34°C for 3600 s running. The maximum temperature difference among cells is lower than 5°C. An evenly distributed air flow provides uniform temperature distribution inside the battery pack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phase change heat storage materials (PCM) are a class of materials with the ability to store or release a large amount of thermal energy at constant temperatures in the form of so-called latent heat, which is the heat that is necessary to supply or remove from the system to make it change the phase. Due to their energy efficiency, these materials are becoming more and more popular and offer a whole range of practical applications. It is worth mentioning, for example, their use for solar energy storage, waste heat recovery or thermal energy management in buildings [1 – 5]. In the experimental part of this work, we focus on the study of phase transformations and energy accumulation and on the characterization of the thermal properties of new industrial PCMs from the Rubitherm® RT series [10 – 12]. These paraffine wax based materials were developed by the German company Rubitherm Technologies GmbH. Relative thermal conductivity of these materials enables their application even in cases requiring rapid temperature changes and efficient heat transfer, such as systems for cooling electronics or thermal management of batteries. Experiments were performed with three commercially available materials Rubitherm® RT18HC, Rubitherm® RT28HC and Rubitherm® RT35HC. These materials are chemically inert, do not subcool during phase transformations and have a long service life. Materials from the Rubitherm® RT series are available in a full range of different melting temperatures, from −9 °C to 100 °C. For this experiment, materials with melting temperatures of 18 °C, 28 °C and 35 °C were chosen, as their names suggest [10 – 12]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issues of global warming, environmental pollution, and energy crisis have threatened the existence of the gasoline engine which has been leading the automotive sector since its invention and provided a great opportunity to invent electric-powered vehicles. However, Electric-powered vehicles using lithium-ion cells, under different environmental, conditions will need an adequate and efficient battery thermal management system to ensure its effective operation like operation limits, performance, preventing thermal runaway, short-circuit, and longer life span. Other advanced features like fast charging of cells to shorten the charging time can lead to rapid heat-generation in the battery pack. Therefore, an appropriate and effective arrangements of cells play an important role in designing a more efficient and effective cooling system for the designed li-ion cluster pack used in electric vehicles. This paper performs a steady-state thermal analysis on different arrangements of cylindrical cells prepared in 6by6, 9by4, zig-zag arrangements, 18650 Lithium-Ion battery cells with a base diameter of 18 mm and a total height of 65 mm are arranged in a battery pack. The objective of this study is to explore the factor influencing the performance of a liquid cooling BTMS and based on this compare all designs to find the best model which is more suitable for heat dissipation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]