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With the growth of global energy demand and the pressure of environmental protection, ocean energy has received widespread attention as a clean and sustainable form of energy. The purpose of this paper is to analyze various forms of ocean energy, explore its working principles, power generation technologies and application potential, and evaluate its research progress on a global scale. This paper details the working principle and power generation technology of ocean current, tidal, wave, temperature difference and salt difference energy. Especially in terms of salt differential energy, this paper analyzes the key role of permeable membrane technology and the large-scale production of low-cost special membranes. The analysis shows that countries have made significant progress in research in the field of ocean energy, especially in ocean current energy and tidal energy. China has also made breakthroughs in ocean current, wave and temperature difference energy. In short, ocean energy has great potential for development as a clean and sustainable energy source. Future development trends will focus on improving power generation efficiency, reducing costs, and reducing ecological environmental impact. As technology advances and costs fall, ocean energy is expected to occupy a more important position in the global energy system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar thermal power generation, which is dominated by tower and trough technology routes, has received extensive attention as an emerging clean energy power generation technology that can be used as a base-load power supply. This paper takes the solar thermal power generation system with installed capacity of 50 MW and 100 MW as examples and uses SAM software to analyze the tower and trough solar thermal power plant efficiencies in four different latitudes with abundant solar resources in China. The solar efficiency of the trough plant arranged in the traditional north-south direction significantly decreases with the increase of the latitude of the plant site, and shows a significant seasonal difference; the seasonal and latitudinal differences in solar efficiency of the trough plant arranged in the east-west direction are significantly reduced. Seasonal and latitudinal differences in solar efficiency of tower power plants are relatively small. Solar efficiency of tower plants is lower than trough plants in low latitudes and higher than through plants at high latitudes. This study provides a reference for the selection of technical routes for solar thermal power plants in different regions of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioenergy from crop residues is one of important components of clean energy to adapt climate change. However, it is still uncertain how bioenergy potential from crop residues changes, as well as what deficits exist when offsetting fossil energy consumption. Taking the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in China as an instance, bioenergy potential of crop residue was estimated for the period 2001-2010. The deficits between bioenergy from crop residue and fossil energy consumption were assessed to examine their differences. We found that a large amount of cropland, approximately 15% of the total cropland in 2000, was encroached for other uses in this period. The cropland loss reduced the bioenergy of crop residues, at a rate of 4.05 x 1011kJ · year-1, approximately 1.62% of annual average bioenergy from crop residues. In this context, further research and policy are needed to advance sustainability in the YRD in future decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wind power and PV are the key fields of clean energy development in China in recent years. However, there are still many aspects of problems in wind power and PV industries at present, such as the insufficient consumptive ability and the limitation of market competition capability. The effective leading and support of government in the aspect of policies is especially needed in order to solve these problems. Based on the analysis of main policies system of wind power and PV in our country, Spain, the United Kingdom and Germany are chosen as typical countries because of their wind power and PV industries are relatively developed. Their policies of wind power and PV industries are studied respectively from five aspects, namely macroscopic laws, development planning, administrative policies, fiscal and tax policies and price policies. Then the comparison among typical countries and China is made and the exiting problems in China's policies of wind power and PV industries are summed up. Finally, the suggestions to promote China's wind power and PV industries development are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]