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Indonesia's infrastructure continues to develop rapidly in various development of infrastructures. What is important to remember from a construction management point of view is cost, time, and quality. These three aspects are interrelated and written in an agreement called a contract. Many of these contracts change while the project is in progress. This change is called change order and certainly has an impact on these three important aspects. Therefore, change orders must be reviewed to be avoided. Here, the author will examine the causes and impacts of change orders that occur the most frequent or influential, so that they can be avoided by the implementers. However, because of various studies on the change order, the author focused this research on the contractor's point of view on warehouses and factory buildings and use a different method called fuzzy clustering means (FCM). Even so, the author still used the relative importance index (RII) method as a reference or comparison. In the end, it was found that there were seven causes and negative impacts of change orders dominated, with the main cause being the owner instructing additional work or reducing jobs, while the main negative impact was the increase in overhead costs. For the positive impact of change orders, two variables got in with the dominant variable, which is produced customer loyalty. Besides these conclusions, this research tells that the fuzzy clustering means (FCM) method eliminates variables that are not qualified into being one's classification. While the relative importance index (RII) method ranks the variables without eliminating them. This could be good for the next researcher to choose which method is much more suitable for the research focus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Establishing a sustainable industry is a very important goal for leather tanning companies in Indonesia. The production of leather products has continued to increase over the past five years and the government regulations for the industry to use resources sustainably requires companies to improve their achievements in implementing environmentally friendly systems and measuring the risk of waste that has been generated so that the system will be sustainable for all aspects of all business activities. Therefore, leather tanning companies need to pay attention to the risks that can impact the continuity of their sustainable production systems. The objectives of this study are to identify risks, develop prevention strategies, and monitor the risks in the supply chain for leather production. This study uses the SCOR method to describe the activities in the supply chain for leather production and also to identify risk events and risk agents. Then, using the HOR method, risk events are prioritized and a prevention strategy is developed. In this study, twenty-two (22) risk agents were selected which is formulated and produces seven (7) possible preventive actions. And a monitoring system is also designed to facilitate monitoring, so it would be easier to supervise the risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]