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Terpenoids are natural products produced by various organisms, ranging from microorganisms to plant species. Some terpenes and terpenoids are unique in nature, one of which resembles the group of alkaloids (pseudo-alkaloids) later named as terpenoid-alkaloids. The phytochemical group is still limited for its information including its bioactivities and pharmacological properties. In this study, the bioactivity of Griffithiiene, a terpenoid-alkaloid obtained in the rhizome extract of Zingiber griffithii Baker was predicted based on in silico analyses. The canonical SMILES was retrieved from the 2D structure of compound using MarvinSketch and was used as a source of information for computational analysis. Based on the druglikeness properties, Griffithiiene did not violate any parameters in the Lipinski's rule of five and passively diffusible through gastrointestinal environment and blood-brain barrier based on BOILED-egg model. Based on the chemical structure similarity using SwissTargetPrediction, the compound acted as an inhibitor in general enzymes while possessing specific inhibition to CYP2J substrate, Acylcarnitine hydrolase, and other cell membrane proteins. Griffithiiene was also safe to be used as a drug since it did not show any toxicity based on OSIRIS property explorer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the causes of topical inflammation is UV-B radiation, which causes erythema and edema of the skin. Zingiber montanum rhizome in Indonesia is known as a natural ingredient that has the potential to treat skin redness. This study was conducted to isolate and identify the active compound, as well as to determine the protective activity against inflammatory of isolate in BALB/c mice exposed to UV-B. The isolation stage begins with the extraction process by maceration, fractionation by liquid-liquid partition and chromatography. Identification by IR Spectrophotometry, C-NMR, and H-NMR. The protection test against inflammation used a mice skin model irradiated with UV-B, with 5 test groups, namely: control, UV-B, base, isolate, and positive control 2.5% hydrocortisone cream group. Statistical data analysis using a different test. The results showed that the isolates could be separated from fraction number 8. The partial structure of the isolates were aromatic compounds having hydroxyl and methoxy groups, which leads to the structure of ferulic acid compounds. The dorsal skinfold thickness of mice in the control, UV-B, base, isolate, and positive control groups of 2.5% hydrocortisone cream were 0.570 ± 0.056; 1.612 ± 0.250; 1.700 ± 0.556; 0.952 ± 0.127; 0.824 ± 0.144 cm, respectively. There were significant differences between all test groups. In this study, an active compound was isolated from Zingiber montanum rhizome which has the potential to provide protective activity against inflammation in mice skin models exposed to UV-B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cassumunar Ginger essential oil is widely used as postnatal antiobesity with the main compound terpinene-4-ol. Previous studies have shown that Nanoemulsion Gel containing Cassumunar Ginger essential oil has good physical characteristics and has the potential to be developed into a antiobesity topical preparation. The purpose of this study was to determine the antiobesity pharmacological activity in vivo nanoemulsion of Cassumunar ginger essential oil gel of Swiss strain mice that had been induced by a high-fat diet. Cassumunar Ginger essential oil (CV.M&H Farm&Marine, Indonesia) and its nanoemulsion gel was prepared. A total of 20 mice were divided into four groups, namely one control group and three treatment groups. Parameters measured were body weight, food index, and feces index. Oneway anova test showed there were significant differences in weight loss between treatment groups compare to the control group. Nanoemulsion Gel containing Cassumunar Ginger essential oil 2% had better antiobesity activity compared with other test groups. But, there were not significant differences in antiobesity activity between Essential Oil and Nanoemulsion Group. Cassumunar Ginger essential oil nanoemulsion gel has the potential to be developed into a topical anti-obesity preparation. Further studies are needed to obtain a more precise formula so that it can increase its anti-obesity effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bilongkiang is a wild species from the Zingiberaceae family consumed by local people as food, hence commonly traded in the traditional market and only found in two locations in Solok Regency. The objective of this study is therefore to document local knowledge regarding the utilization of Bilongkiang as food in Solok Regency and to put the baseline for conservation effort of local foods by highlighting Bilongkiang as a functional food. The research was carried out using an ethnobotanical approach. Data were collected through observation and interview techniques, which were then qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Quantitative data was also evaluated using the Cultural Food Significance Index (CFSI). The study involved 20 informants who have knowledge of and consume Bilongkiang. The results show that the highest cfsi value of Bilongkiangis 48,6 with an age range of 40-55 years of informants, placing its importance at a moderate level. The inflorescence of this plant, that is consumed as food, contains 1.14% carbohydrate, 2.18 % crude fiber, 0.25% total fat, 0.43% protein, 94.2 % liquid, 108 mg/kg calcium and 8.93 mg/kg calorie. As far as this study goes, there has been no knowledge that this plant is being cultivated by the people who consume it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lempuyang Wangi (Zingiber zerumbeth var. aromaticum Val.) is a plant that has been widely used as an ingredient in herbal medicines. Generally, people boil the rhizome to get the benefits of this plant. This method is considered less effective because it requires large amounts of biomass. Another more effective method by utilizing the endophytic bacteria of lempuyang wangi (Z. zerumbeth Var. aromaticum Val.). Generally, endophytic bacteria will produce the same bioactive compounds as those produced by the host plant. This study aimed to obtain endophytic bacterial isolates and determine the diversity of endophytic bacteria of lempuyang Wangi (Z. zerumbeth var. aromaticum Val.) from Enggano Island, Bengkulu Province. Isolation of endophytic bacteria was carried out by planting and grinding methods. The bacterial isolates that grew were then purified and identified by morphological observation, Gram staining, and biochemical tests. A total of 44 isolates of endophytic bacteria were isolated from the rhizomes, stems, and leaves of the lempuyang wangi (Z. zerumbeth var. aromaticum. Val.). Based on morphological observations, Gram staining and biochemical tests showed 44 isolates that had been isolated were close to the genera Bacillus, Micrococcus, Amphibacillus, Pseudomonas and Azotobacter. It can be concluded that lempuyang wangi (Z. zerumbeth var. aromaticum Val.) has a variety of endophytic bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zingiberaceae or empon-emponan/ginger-ginger is a plant that is widely used by the people of Indonesia, generally used as a flavoring in cooking and as an ingredient in traditional medicines. Currently, there are still many species of the Zingiberaceae family that have not been explored. Mean while, several areas in North Sumatra have changed the function of land that used to be forest into oil palm plantations, Eucalyptus and settlements. This of course will be very dangerous for species that have not been identified which of course have the potential to be developed. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of species from the Zingiberaceae family that have the potential to be utilized and endemic in several areas of North Sumatra. This research was conducted in the ecotourism forest of Tangkahan, North Sumatra in July 2021. The plants used in this research are plant species from the Zingiberaceae family which have potential as medicine and are often used. This species of research is exploration and descriptive. Based on the results of the study obtained as many as 10 species that were found, including the genus Boesbergia, Globba, Zingiber, Hornstedtia, Amomum, Etlingera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genus of Zingiber is the Indonesian medicinal plant that known have to various biological activities. However, the toxicity studies of Zingiber such as Z. zerumbet and Z. cassumunar were still limited. The aim of this study was to know the toxicity of the Z. zerumbet and Z. cassumunar rhizomes extracts using the brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method. The extraction of samples was performed by maceration using acetone solvent. The extract of acetone, then successively partitioned with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Toxicity test results were expressed by a lethal concentration of 50 percent (LC50). The toxicity assays were confirmed that extract of acetone, fractions of n−hexane and ethyl acetate of Z. zerumbet show LC50 value of 7.88 µg/mL, 23.90 µg/mL, and 25.31 µg/mL successively. Whereas the acetone extract, n−hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of Z. cassumunar show LC50 value of 34.42 µg/mL, 82.49 µg/mL and 22.11 µg/mL respectively. The screening of phytochemical showed that Z. zerumbet and Z. cassumunar extracts were contains polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phytosterol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is currently one of the top causes of mortality. Zingiber zerumbet is a natural ingredient that can be used as an alternative cancer treatment. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of extracts of Zingiber zerumbet extracted from the subcritical method against MCF 7 cancer cell lines. Zingiber zerumbet is extracted using a subcritical method using Freon R134a, extraction temperature 27-31°C, pressure 10-9 bar. Compounds contained in the extract are analyzed using GCMS instruments. Then performed cytotoxicity test using cell line MCF-7. The yield of Zingiber zerumbet extract was obtained by 0.36%. Zingiber zerumbet cytotoxicity test resulted in MCF-7 (breast cancer cell line) resulting in IC50 value of 18.245 µg/mL. Based on GCMS test results, there are compounds that have cytotoxic activity including 4,7-methano-5H-indent-5-one, octahedron-1, benzenemethanol, 3-amino-2, 2-Amino-5-methyl-4(3H)-oxopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrdineimi 3, duroquinone 4, 6-octen-1-ol, 3.7-dimethyl-, formate5, 1-(thien-2-yl)but-1-en-3-one 6, 5,6-dihydro-6-oxodibenzo(b,f)-1,4-thiazepine 7, N-(4-hydroxy-5-oxo-1,3,6-cycloheptatrienes-1-yl)acetamide 8. The compound with the highest composition is structure 8 of 57.16%. The yield of the Zingiber zerumbet cytotoxicity test towards MCF-7 cell (breast cancer cell line) resulted in a value IC50 as 18.245 µg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to investigate the direct effects of a herbal mixture consisting of Cumin mcyminum, Zingiber officmal and Cinnamon verum as one of the herbal mixtures commonly used for weight on some physiological and immunological parameters in women. The results clearly showed that the few concentrations of these herbs did not cause lysis of red blood cells, this confirms the safe use on red blood cells, while the percentage of lysis reach to 75% at 80 mg / ml of Zingiber officmal but at the same concentration of Cinnanonum verum and Cumin umcyminum lysis reached 50% and 25% respectively. The total The number of white blood cells increased in women after taking the herbal mixture for up to 12.77 * 103 cells / ml when compared with the control 9.37 * 103 cells / ml, where neutrophil cells raised compared to other types of white blood cells. The concentration of TNF-α was just dropped significantly after using the herbal mixture for up to 99.35 pg / ml as compared with control 142.92pg/ml. The results can be concluded that aqueous extract of the herbal mixture has positive effects on some immunological and physiological parameters more than its effect when used alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The in vitro evaluation of Z. cassumunar Roxb. extract fraction had been conducted. The plant extract was obtained by the maceration method using methanol as the solvent. The methanolic extract was partitioned successively using solvents with increasing polarity from hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol to obtain hexane soluble, chloroform soluble, ethyl acetate soluble and methanol soluble. The extract fractions of Z. cassumnuar were measured using DPPH, H2O2, β-carotene bleaching assay for the antioxidant capability and α-glucosidase inhibitory assay. The result revealed that the chloroform fraction had the highest antioxidant activities (IC50) using DPPH radical scavenging assay as of 78.19 μg/mL, while hexane fraction had the highest antioxidant activities (IC50) using H2O2 scavenging assay as of 34.40 μg/mL and and ethyl acetate fraction had β-carotene bleaching assay at 100 μg/mL as of 17.65 %. The hexane fraction of Z. cassumunar also had the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activities (IC50) as of 61.02 μg/mL. According to GC-MS analysis, the hexane fractions of Z. cassumunar on this study contains triquanecene, 1,4-bis(methoxy) and β-sesquiphelllandrene as the main components. This study revealed that Z. cassumunar Roxb. is a potential candidate for diabetic treatment and antioxidant compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A preliminary ethnobotanical survey of traditional salad food or ulam was conducted within Sama-Bajau community in Kampung Taun Gusi, Kota Belud Sabah, Malaysia on May 2017.Three key informants were selected using snowball sampling technique, and data about traditional salad food (ulam) were collected by semi-structured interview and field observation. A total of 28 species of plants from 26 genera and 20 families were recorded have been consumed as ulam. The study also reveals apart from being consumed as traditional salad food (ulam), 15 species are also used as herbal medicine to treat or prevent various diseases such as cough, diabetes, high blood pressure, cancer, flu, fever, red eyes, ringworms, and for postpartum treatment. Zingiberaceae is the most utilized plant as an herbal medicine by Sama-Bajau community of Kampung Taun Gusi, Kota Belud. These Zingiberaceae species are namely; Curcuma caesia (kunyit hitam), Curcuma zanthorrhiza, (temulawak), and Zingiber zerumbet (lempoyang). Clinacanthus nutans (belalai gajah), and Orthosiphon stamineus (misai kucing) are recorded to be used as herbal medicine to treat diabetes and high blood pressure. The decoction of the young shoot of Capsicum annum (lada) has been used to treat ringworms among children and red eyes, moreover, the paste of the leaf has been used to reduce high fever. Meanwhile, Cosmos caudatus (ransa ransa) and Centella asiatica (pegaga) have been consumed for health and wellness maintenance and as anti-aging herbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]