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The vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) is commonly used to assess the functionality of otolith organs in clinical settings. Cervical VEMP (cVEMP) is a subtype of VEMP that evaluates the integrity of the saccule and inferior vestibular nerve. Although cVEMP is typically recorded with a 500 Hz tone burst, there is growing interest in exploring cVEMP's diagnostic utility when evaluated using chirp stimuli, originally designed for recording auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). This study aimed to compare the cVEMP responses evoked by custom-built downward narrow band chirp and 500 Hz tone burst stimuli in healthy adults. In this comparative study, 20 healthy adults (40 ears) aged 18 to 59 underwent the cVEMP test based on the recommended test protocol. The results demonstrated that the custom-built chirp stimulus generated significantly shorter P1 and N1 latencies compared to the tone burst stimulus (p < 0.05). Additionally, the custom-built stimulus elicited larger P1 amplitudes, N1 amplitudes, and interamplitudes relative the tone burst stimulus (p < 0.05). These findings imply that the custom-built chirp is more optimal than the conventional 500 Hz stimulus and may serve as an alternative stimulus to elicit cVEMP responses. Further research is needed to explore the diagnostic utility of chirp-evoked VEMP in evaluating individuals with vestibular disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Difficulties in solving numeracy literacy problems are still a common feature that occurs in mathematics classes in junior high schools. This difficulty has an impact on the low ability of students to understand problems and carry out the process of solving mathematical problems. This difficulty also interferes with the process of learning mathematics. The purpose of this research is to develop mathematics teaching materials based on ethnomathematics of the Butonese traditional house. This research is a research development of the Borg and Gall model. The subjects of this study consisted of 10 mathematics teachers, 3 mathematics lecturers, and 30 junior high school students who provided validation and responses to the developed mathematics teaching materials. The teaching materials developed in this research are junior high school mathematics modules and student worksheets. The research instrument was a validation sheet and a response to the developed teaching materials. The results showed that the ethnomathematics-based mathematics teaching materials of the Buton traditional house were valid and very suitable for teaching mathematics to junior high school students. The diversity of ethnomathematics contexts in this teaching material received a very positive response from teachers and students. The use of the ethnomathematics context of the Buton traditional house in learning mathematics is believed to be able to improve numeracy literacy, problem solving, reasoning, communication, connection, and understanding of mathematical concepts of junior high school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to produce an android-based mathematics learning application design using UML 2.5. This research is based on the ADDIE model which consists of 5 stages, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation, but this study only uses 3 stages, namely analysis, design, and evaluation. The method of collecting information in this research is the method of observation and giving questionnaires. Based on the findings in this research, it can be concluded that the android-based mathematics learning design using the UML 2.5 system design has been categorized as feasible to be applied in the development process into a mathematics learning application. This statement is based on the test results of 3 learning design experts with an average score of 86.43% which is categorized as very feasible. This finding also provides information that the use of the UML 2.5 system design as an application used to provide visualization of the application design to be developed is very easy and contributes well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modernization in the digital world is taking a positive impact on current Indonesian education in encouraging researchers to develop augmented reality technology as a learning media. This study aims to develop of media augmented reality for algebra form of students of first-grade junior high school in Kolaka district, Southeast Sulawesi. The step of developing media AR which using model ADDIE. The object in this study is media augmented reality with the Assemblr Edu app. The conclusion which can be proved from the data analysis result which resulted in a learning media augmented reality in the form of a QR marker which contains the introduction of algebraic forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper concepts were presented of bi-(left centralizer, reverse left centralizer), jordan Bi-(left central, opposite left central) and jordan Triple Bi-(left central, opposite left central) and many of the results have been proven, Let 휁 be Jordan bi-(left centralizer, reverse left centralizer) of the rings Ɍ since ζ (sββ + βs, eω + ωe) = (ζ(s), ζ(ω)) (β, e) + (ζ(β), ζ(ω))(s, e) for all 푠, β, e, 휔 ∈ Ɍ, and Lets 휁 be jordan Bi-(left central, inverse left central) of the rings Ɍ since i)φ(s + β, e + ω) = φ(s, e) + φ(β, ω), ii)φ(sβ, eω) = − φ(βs, ωe) for all 푠, β, e, 휔 ∈ Ɍ and the main result in this peaper it was proven, Let 휁 be jordan Bi-(central, opposite central) of the rings Ɍ since φ (sβ, eω)(m, r)[(s, e)(β, ω), (β, ω)(s, e)] = 0 of all 푠, β, e, 휔 ∈ Ɍand Lets 휁 be jordan Bi-(central opposite central)of the rings Ɍ since 휑 (푠β, e휔)(m, r)[(x, y)(푧, 푡), (푧, 푡)(x, y)] = 0 for all, β, e, 휔, x, y, 푧, 푡 ∈ Ɍ. It has been proven that every Jordan bi-(left central, opposite left central) of Ɍ is bi-(left central, left opposite central) of Ɍ. Every jordan Bi-(left central, converse left central) of Ɍ is jordan triple bi-(left central, left reverse centralizer)of Ɍ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explains the fuzzy soft cone b-metric space (M.S) through fuzzy soft elements. At first, the concept of ℱss − real Banach space and ℱss − cone set was introduced. Thus, we established the idea of fuzzy soft cone b-metric. We also provided an example that illustrates the concept of fuzzy soft cone b-M.S and studied fuzzy soft converges in fuzzy soft cone b-M.S. In addition, we also presented a theorem showing when the pointed of converge of the arrangement is single in fuzzy soft cone b-M.S, and we also defined the Cauchy sequence with the introduction of a theorem in which we explained each convergent ℱss − element sequence in fuzzy soft cone b-M.S is a ℱss − Cauchy Sequence. Next, we introduced the concept of a fixed point and ℱss − contractive map on ℱss − cone b- M.S and prove the iterative Sequence converges to the fixed ℱss − element. Lastly, we established a few fixed point fuzzy soft theorems of contractive maps on fuzzy soft cone b-M.S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The generic resolution of the limited operation formula 혗 = 픓∗푋픓, where 픓 close range and x is an arbitrary operator On a Hilbert space H, is the focusing of this work. Several theories that give adequate and required requirements for the presence of answers as well as clear examples for the answers are shown as result of the inquiry. The key conclusions are the operated formula universal express answers and limited answers for the cases in which P has a pseudo-opposite operation. The resulting effect is explained using the pseudo- opposite operation for linear limited operation on Hilbert spaces. Together with the bound answers to the instances where P shows a pseudo-opposite operation, the general express solutions of the operated formula is an important achievement. Additionally, the writers include evidence supporting every theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we begin by introducing the concept of a fuzzy soft b-metric space. Within this space, we define essential concepts such as fuzzy soft converged arrangement and soft of fuzzy Cauchy arrangement. Additionally, we present the concept of a soft of fuzzy point and establish soft of fuzzy b-metric space using this idea. We further introduce essential notions like fuzzy soft open balls and fuzzy soft closed balls, followed by the development of several properties of fuzzy soft metric b-spaces. Furthermore, we define fuzzy soft continuous mapping and fuzzy soft sequential continuous mapping within the context of soft b-metric space. We explore the relationship among these mappings within this cosmos and provide a theorem demonstrating the achievement of the continuity property concerning the metric function in the fuzzy soft metric space. This property is proven, and we also provide an example illustrating that the metric function in the fuzzy soft b-metric space does not achieve the continuity property. Finally, we establish the existence of fixed points for fuzzy soft contraction mappings in the fuzzy soft b-metric space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of reinforced concrete (RC) wall structures and the introduction of novel concrete additives have positioned RC walls as essential load-bearing elements comparable to beams, plates, and columns. The incorporation of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) in these structures not only underscores their sustainable capabilities but also aids in mitigating environmental repercussions. In this experimental study, eight two-way thin, normal concrete wall panels were cast and tested, employing recycled concrete aggregate as a waste material. The specimens were classified into two groups; Group (A) with four normal concrete wall panels and natural aggregate (NA) was prepared, while Group (B) prepared four normal concrete walls with recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). The iron filings amount was progressively increased, with 0.0% volume in the control group and 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0% in the experiment group. The result gave that the increase of iron fillings from 1% to 2% gave boost in loading capacity of normal concrete wall panels with RAC (NCRA) by 5% and the panels with natural aggregate (NCNA) load capacity was increased by 6%. Besides, the lateral displacement of NCRA and NCNA decreased by 11.4% and 10.5% correspondingly with the increase of the iron filings ratio to 1% This data proves that the RCA enhances the mechanical properties of concrete as compared to conventional aggregate concrete. The latter promotes environmental conservation in the construction sector. Re-using (RAC) not only ensures enhanced sustainability but also results in a significant decline in the volume of wastes in the landfills, saving of finite natural resources and lowered consumption of power required to produce conventional aggregates. Also, the integration of RAC into concrete structures brings circular economy to life and reduces the amount of the CO2 emissions during the construction processes. Based on research results, one can see that RAC can be viewed as a solid replacement for natural aggregates, which is in line with the concept of green construction and helps to make our environment more sustainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology has become an inevitable tool to improve the efficiency and quality of architecture, and since architecture is a product of yesterday, today, and the future, it must be linked to its original indicators on the one hand and accept the entry of the technological factor to advance and progress. The local and technological potentials determined the research problem (the lack of clarity of the methods and mechanisms of technological localization, its levels of achievement, and the achieved values adopted by architecture). Therefore, the research aimed to clarify the methods of technological localization in architecture in accordance with the local context. To achieve the research objective, the research overlapping - methodology represented by (clarification Concepts of technology and technological localization in architecture, a review of some previous studies that dealt with mechanisms to achieve technological localization in local architecture, and then the theoretical framework for technological localization indicators were built up to the final step in the methodology represented in applying the theoretical framework of the research to two contemporary projects in different contexts, leading to Presenting the final results and conclusions, which showed the diversity of settlement methods (adaptation, rooting, compaction, and coexistence) as well as the diversity of mechanisms (merger - overlapping - and reshaping), and taking many levels and various formulas to achieve goals related to upgrading architecture and improving its efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of green preservation has emerged recently as a term in which the standards of traditional conservation and the standards of green architecture merge together (and in a way that achieves a balance between them) thanks to contemporary technological capabilities. This directed the research interest toward identifying aspects of the transition from traditional preservation to green preservation, revealing new indicators of green preservation and thus Clarifying the role of its application in increasing the effectiveness of conservation buildings, which transforms those buildings from mere static buildings into active buildings that contribute to achieving sustainable development through the introduction of evaluation indicators. The research adopted an analytical approach to achieve the research objective, as it put forward an analysis of the indicators of both traditional conservation and green preservation as concepts and architectural practices by selecting applied examples for each of them, as well as analyzing the pillars of international and Arab initiatives specialized in green preservation and dealing with the literature and previous studies concerned with dealing with green preservation and the role of technological techniques in achieving it. A more comprehensive picture of the aspects, goals, and indicators of the transition to the greening of conservative buildings and how to evaluate their performance. For the research to come up with its conclusions, which showed that the most prominent goals of the transformation are represented by upgrading the heritage and historical preservation buildings, confirms their conversion into effective buildings instead of just keeping them for a longer period. Aspects of its environmental and economic performance contribute to the rationalization of natural resources and energy conservation as well as to ensure the achievement of the quality of the internal environment and the management of waste in an intelligent way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a miniaturized resonator that incorporates a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide (QMSIW) and utilizes fractal geometry. The proposed resonator has been generated by etching a slot on the topmost layer of the structure, using a fractal pattern resembling a Swastika. Incorporating the Swastika-like fractal in the proposed design has led to a significant decrease in frequency, specifically from 12.39 GHz to 9.3 GHz. The suggested resonator underwent two successive modifications, leading to a decrease in frequency by 3 GHz and achieving a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 5.32% and return loss (RL) of 21.5 dB. Furthermore, it provides a more limited frequency range and enhanced ability to reject extraneous signals. The resonator's dimensions can be approximately 0.254 times the square of the guided wavelength. Fractal QMSIWRs exhibit notable benefits compared to traditional QMSIWRs, particularly in terms of their compact size as well as improved low-loss performance. Therefore, they are highly suitable for X-Band applications requiring compact resonators with high-performance capabilities. The substrate being examined is a Rogers RT5880 material with a thickness of 0.381 mm. This material has a relative dielectric constant of 2.2 and a loss tangent of 0.0009. The validity of the proposed design of QMSIWR has been verified by presenting simulated results obtained from CST, HFSS, and SONNET software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the COVID-19 pandemic, an imperative arises to establish a responsive network. This evolving scenario compels remote work, virtual meetings, and online learning. Concurrently, a demand surges for additional technologies like smart urban systems, IoT, and simulation tools. Among the networks notably impacted is the campus network. Providentially, a flexible, potent network model known as a software-defined network (SDN) has become standardized. Leveraging SDN capabilities could significantly heighten campus network performance, attracting considerable research interest. This article underscores the pivotal role of campus networks in furnishing swift, dependable, and secure connectivity to students, faculty, and staff. It also explores the integration of software-defined networking (SDN) as a promising avenue for boosting the efficiency and security of campus networks. This survey empowers researchers with the latest insights to embark on SDN-based campus network studies. Furthermore, the survey's aim encompasses summarizing the existing literature and offering a classification to guide researchers in focusing their endeavors precisely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene-silver nanocomposites (Ag-G) were successfully synthesized using a facile spray pyrolysis approach. The characterization results confirmed that Ag nanoparticles were uniformly deposited on graphene sheets without impurities. The graphene (002) peak position remained unchanged after Ag nanoparticle loading, indicating that the graphene structure was preserved. FESEM and EDS revealed evenly distributed Ag nanoparticles attributed to wrinkles and defects on graphene acting as nucleation sites. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed a shifted graphene absorbance peak and surface plasmon resonance at 420 nm in Ag-G, indicating strong interfacial interactions and Ag nanoparticle incorporation. The optical band gap increased to 1.45 eV compared to graphene due to the quantum confinement effects of Ag nanoparticles. The results demonstrate tunable optical properties in Ag-G nanocomposites synthesized by spray pyrolysis. Interactions between Ag nanoparticles and graphene lead to modified light absorption distinct from the individual components. This provides valuable insights into tailoring graphene-based nanocomposites for advanced optoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the significance of a biometric authentication framework has grown in order to provide security and protection against fraudulence, stealing, and other crimes. Face recognition has become the most common compared to other biometric-based frameworks such as hand geometry, ear, gait, retina, eye scans, iris, fingerprint, and voice. It can be used for identity verification and monitoring, respectively. This article presents a detailed layout of some essential techniques for tackling face recognition issues, along with their face recognition precision and the elements that led to the study's poor performance. In the first part of this article, various elements that decrease facial recognition precision were reviewed, such as low resolution, plastic surgery, expression, occlusion, aging, illumination, and pose. In the second part, approaches for reducing the elements' impact were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prime objective of this research is to plunge into how Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) can integrate with sophisticated antenna array systems. The main aim is to design a new wireless antenna setup. The study concentrates on merging these cutting-edge technologies to pioneer advancements in wireless antennas. The main aim is to surpass the limitations that come with traditional wireless communication systems. According to this paper, a system performs best when it blends RIS and an intelligent antenna. In addition, this paper shows that the opportunities and challenges of RIS in recent works. Moreover, this combined use of smart antennas not only uses them for beamforming but also uses their maser feature as well thus enhancing more control over. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bangladesh is the seventh most vulnerable country to climate devastation. Resilient infrastructure is critical to a sustainable and functioning society. Infrastructure planning and design are highly complex processes encompassing the interests of numerous stakeholders while they are pressured by the uncertainty of climate change and societal transition. To address this issue, the Climate Resilient Local Infrastructure Centre (CReLIC), a Centre of Excellence established under the Local Government Engineering Department (LGED), developed Rapid Climate Impact Assessment Tools (RCIA) as part of the Climate Resilience Tool (CRT) Handbook for engineers to plan, design, and maintain infrastructure investments by providing a sequence of processes. Considering the high risk of climatic disasters in many districts in Bangladesh, it is necessary to evaluate the impact of climate change on the selected project across the country. Therefore, this study utilized the newly developed RCIA to assess the impact of climate change on the selected project in Satkhira Municipality, one of the most climate-induced districts among the 64 districts in Bangladesh. The RCIA was analyzed using Module I (desk-level analysis) and Module II (participatory approach). Apart from highlighting the present and future adaptation challenges, this study determined the necessary use of the Comprehensive Climate Impact Assessment (CCIA) tool to assess the selected project comprehensively, assuming that the project may not comply with the country's Environment Conservation Act (ECA) and Environment Conservation Rules (ECR). Based on the findings, the average rate of change in Extreme Climate Indices (the ECIs considered in the study included temperature, precipitation, dry days, and sea level rise) increased at regular intervals of about 8%, indicating worsening climate change in the study area. The Aggregate Hazard Baseline (AHB) was calculated at 73%, while the Aggregate Hazard Index (AHI) was determined for up to the year 2100. Additionally, the proposed tool identified the associated hazards and their current and future levels and helped to analyze the potential impact that could occur on the infrastructure, considering the location, preliminary design, and materials. Finally, the study identified the present and future adaptation challenges. Since the project does not meet all the necessary conditions, the study recommended conducting a CCIA to describe the terms of reference (technical specifications) for a more in-depth assessment of climate risks and impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

VCN 150 steel is classified as medium carbon steel and is widely used as a material for the manufacture of mechanical components, to improve the quality of VCN steel, it is necessary to conduct a heat treatment process which includes hardening and tempering processes. VCN steel was hardened at temperature 900°C by using Muffle Furnace and holding time was 30 minutes, then cooled quickly using oil SAE-90 medium. Furthermore, steel which has experienced hardening process was tempered at temperatures of 300, 400 and 500°C and holding time was 30 minutes. After going through the process of hardening and tempering, it was conducted measurements such as Rockwell hardness, Charpy impact testing and microstructure analysis using an optical microscope. The test results show that VCN steel after going through the hardening process has a hardness = 58.8 HRC and an impact strength = 1.12 Joules/mm2, when the impact test occurred brittle fracture. After the tempering process, the hardness value decreases with increasing tempering temperature, where the lowest hardness value after tempering 500°C obtained a hardness of 52.50 HRC, but the impact strength value increased to 1.34 Joule/mm2. According the micro structure analysis, there is a change in the micro structure, that is, after the hardening process there is a martensitic phase and after tempering the martensite and pearlite phases are formed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Differential inclusions have numerous applications in optimal control theory. The class of differential inclusions with control parameter are a convenient mathematical apparatus for studying problems of controlling a trajectories of a dynamic system under conditions of uncertainty. In the work considers a dynamical control system described by a linear differential inclusion with a delay argument. For this model of the control system, the optimization problem was studied according to the criterion of minimizing a non-smooth terminal functional of maximum type. The studied optimal control problem has the minimax form. Using methods from the theory of multivalued mappings and differential inclusions, necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality are obtained. The found optimality conditions are the theoretical basis of the method for constructing optimal control in the problem considered. As a substantiation of this conclusion, an algorithm for finding optimal control is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimization problems of dynamic control systems are modelled taking into account various real situations. Non-smooth optimization problems arise when modelling control systems taking into account the inaccuracy of information about internal and external parameters. In practice there are often situations in which incomplete about the initial state of the system and external forces of influence is characteristic. This paper examines one such model of parameterized linear control systems under conditions of uncertainty. The optimization problem is formulated according to the principle of guaranteed control. Non-smooth terminal functional was selected as a criterion for control quality. The studied problem has a minimax form. For this problem, necessary and sufficient optimality conditions are obtained. These results were obtained using the methods of set-valued and convex analysis. Using the obtained optimality conditions, an algorithm for solving the problem is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research studies the nano particles influence on the strength of the bond between the reinforcing bar and self-compacting concrete through experimental work. Twenty-one push-out specimens were examined in experimental program. Such investigation evaluates the nano silica influence in three percentages (3%, 4.5%, and 6%) by weight of cement. The age of concrete, embedded length of steel bar, percentage of nano silica, concrete cover and size of rebar, are the main variables in experimental work. The modes of failure, namely the behavior of bond-slip and ultimate bond strength, were discussed. Analysis of test results indicate that compared with conventional concrete the bond strength in concrete is increased by 9.2%, 13.1%, and 12.4% when adding nano-silica by (3, 4.5 and 6%), respectively. As in conventional concrete, the bonding strength increases with the age of the concrete. In addition, the increase of concrete cover increases the bond strength. On the other hand, the increase of the embedded length, and size of rebar decreases the bond strength in self- compacting concrete (SCC) incorporating nano-silica. Modes of failure in reinforcing bar embedded in self-compacting concrete incorporating nano-silica were the push-out and splitting failure. This was similar to the case in conventional concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, to evaluate the behavior of a single pile model under the effect of matric suction, it was embedded in soil with various saturation levels and subjected to a series of two-way lateral cyclic loading tests with different frequencies. By decreasing the water table to three distinct stages, three different suction zones were created in the partially saturated soil. The "soil-water characteristic curve" (SWCC) is the relationship between the gravity water content and matric suction. The pile model used is aluminum of 600 mm in length and 16 mm diameter embedded in (dry, unsaturated and saturated) sandy soil for comparisons. The pile model is under lateral cyclic loading (40N for 40 cycles) of various frequency values (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 Hz). The study's findings demonstrate that the presence of matric suction greatly affected the pile model's displacement and bending moment. In comparison to saturated circumstances for the same relative density, there was a reduction in bending moments and lateral displacements of 12%, 23%, and 32% for the first, second, and third lowering of the water table, respectively. Additionally, under all saturation conditions, the increase in cyclic lateral loading frequency resulted in a 25% increase in displacement and bending moment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In present work, un-doped and Ga-doped Zinc oxide (GZO) nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method at 160 oC reaction temperature and 5 hr reaction time. XRD results showed that the ZnO and GZO nanopowders were polycrystalline structure of hexagonal wurzite phase. The crystallite size was calculated using Sherrers and Williamson-Hall (W-H) methods, and found to be decreases then increases with the increase of Ga content (2-6) w% in arrange of (18-27) nm. The calculated crystallite size values of the prepared nanoparticles using (W-H) method are lower than those calculated using Sherrer method. Whereas the lattice strain and dislocation density values are higher than those calculated using Sherrer method. The FESEM images, of the prepared ZnO and GZO NPs showed a mixed shapes of a needle like, rode like and nanosheet NPs were observed and the particles size was rises as Ga content increased. The diameters of the nanoneedle and the nanoroad as well as the thickness of the nanosheets lower than 100 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, the growing adoption of transformer-less grid connected PV inverter has sparked interest in exploring topologies aimed at reducing leakage current. The leakage current from a photovoltaic panel and utility grid leads to harmonics and system losses. A new structure for single stage inverter with three switches, common ground and switched inductor is presented and analyzed. The proposed inverter features reduced leakage current and improved gain, high efficiency and low stress on semiconductor devices. This topology enables step up operation of input voltage, minimizing leakage currents is achieved by connecting a common terminal between the grid and the input, ensuring low levels of electrical leakage. The proposed converter offers several benefits, including a common grounding system, effective reduction of leakage current, and enhanced efficiency due to the utilization of just three active switches. This versatile topology makes it an ideal choice for our needs. A detailed analysis of the operational principles and steady-state characteristics of the inverter has been thoroughly examined. The inverter was simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK R2021b, hinting that the inverter achieves a peak efficiency of 89%. Subsequently, a hardware prototype was developed and implemented using dSPACE. The experimental outcomes derived from a prototype of the inverter validate the theoretical assumptions and align with the results obtained from simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High gain boost converters are popular nowadays, due to many advantages, making them reliable alternatives in many applications of power electronic circuits, including renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, aerospace technologies, etc. In this article, a new non-isolated boost converter with high voltage gain is illustrated. The converter is analyzed during the CCM operating condition using a complimentary switching strategy. The converter features high voltage gain, improved efficiency and reduced voltage stress across the semiconductor switches. The Simulation study of the converter using MATLAB/SIMULINK R2021b was done, which yielded results indicating a high voltage gain combined with low voltage stress. Moreover, the converter demonstrated a peak efficiency of 90% at all loads. The control circuitry for the converter was implemented through a TMS320F28027F microcontroller. Experimental validation was performed on a 2W converter prototype, aligning with the theoretical expectations and simulation outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of this project is to revolutionize the process of meat cutting. Traditionally, meat cutting has been a time-consuming and labor-intensive task performed manually. However, the introduction of an automatic meat cutting machine aims to streamline the process, leading to reduced labor costs and time required for efficient meat cutting. Specifically designed for the Indian poultry industry, which contributes significantly to the country's meat production, this project addresses the shortage of laborers in the industry by automating the meat cutting process. The machine's design allows users to customize the size of meat pieces according to various customer demands, ensuring both safety and hygiene. By implementing this machine, numerous issues associated with manual processing, such as accidents and hygiene concerns, can be minimized. Moreover, with a single operator overseeing the machine's operation, the output is significantly increased compared to traditional methods. The automatic meat cutting machine functions by employing a reciprocating cutting blade to efficiently cut meat collected from a rotating wooden table. It utilizes a slider crank mechanism and a four-start lead screw with a rack and pinion system, along with a microcontroller for determining piece sizes and sensing when the cutting process is complete. The cutting blade and lead screw are made of carbon steel, while the four motors are DC motors. The implementation of the Automatic Meat Cutting Machine has greatly enhanced safety and overall hygienic conditions while reducing labor and processing time costs. Future improvements to the machine may involve incorporating cleaning and packing systems to further enhance its capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transportation by bus is the recommended mode of public transportation due to its lower infrastructure requirements. The length of time the bus takes to travel, its capacity, and the distance between stops. The bus service system is based on the five principles of sustainability: land use planning that takes the consequences of the environment into account, affordability, accessibility, sustainability, and reliability. This study aims to evaluate the current bus route bus station in AL-Najaf old city using field data. It covered the operation of the bus, passenger flow, and service quality, among other aspects of the supply and demand for bus services in AL-Najaf old city represented by the bus system. Most of the measurements state is an increase in the phenomenon of bus bunching, as the bus headway time did not exceed 3 minutes, decreased speeds at off-peak hours and reached 10 (km/hr.) at (Al Rasool street- Al Sadeq Street) and (Al Sadeq street- Najaf Internal Garage (NIG). Proposing enhancing the bus service's effectiveness to improve the performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sewage flow dissipating energy manholes play influencing role in reducing flow velocity with minimizing manhole erosion and gas emission. The current study is focusing on determining the discharge coefficient value for a side spillway rectangular weir situated longitudinally in a sewage dissipating energy manhole. The manhole receives pressurized flow through incoming force main and discharges water under gravity through outgoing pipe. The direction of flow alters 90 degrees two times within the manhole; after entering the manhole within inlet submerged channel, and before exiting the manhole within outlet channel. Between those alterations flow passes over the weir. Flow conditions was simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Using the volume of fluid method (VOF), the free surface flow over the weir was modelled to track flow characteristics at subcritical flow conditions. Five different cases for weir length and three different cases for weir height were considered. The value of the coefficient was found to range from 0.32 to 0.57. It increases as the length of the weir decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Condenser is a heat exchanger in which there is a phase change in it, from the vapor phase to the liquid phase. One type of condenser that is widely used is the shell and tube type, both horizontally and vertically. The authors do research about vertical condenser in laboratory scale to find the value of overall heat transfer coefficient, effectiveness, pressure drops in shell side, and discharge and temperature of produced condensate. The authors make variation of 4 baffle types and 3 fluid mass flow rate ratios between hot and cold fluid. The result is the value of overall heat transfer coefficient, effectiveness, and pressure drop increase as the cold fluid discharge increase. Single segmental baffle produces the highest value of overall heat transfer coefficient by 158.200 W/m2. ℃, and the highest effectiveness value of 0.856 at cold fluid discharge of 2.2 GPM. There are no significant difference value of pressure drops because the authors do not apply the variation of baffle spacing. The three-quarter baffle 180° produces the fastest condensate discharge of 28.04 mL/min and the highest condensate temperature of 83.866°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helical gears have a high load carrying capacity and is most commonly utilized in high speed applications. Condition monitoring is performed in order to obtain an efficient component replacement of a machine to prevent failures. One of the techniques of condition monitoring is through wear debris analysis where particles removed through wear is analyzed from the lubricants. The focus of this research is to investigate the wear behaviour of carbon steel helical gear operating in a power recirculating and torsional loading. Helical gears were tested on a power recirculating gear test rig with constant loads of up to 40 Nm and speed of 1000 rpm. Approximately 30 ml of samples were taken at 1-hour intervals for 80 hours or 50 million cycles. The samples were analyzed using wear debris analysis and particle count analysis. The wear behaviour exhibits stages of wear modes at certain point in the gear cycles which varies slightly than a typical gear meshing under uniform loading. High wear rate occurs from the 1st to the 40th hour of gear test consisting of low fault severity and reaches an optimum stage declining the generation of particles. At the 60th hour, a rapid increase in wear rate as well as fault severity is recorded however decreases at the 80th hour of gear test. The wear behavior of the helical gear under torsional loading could be characterized using wear debris analysis in this experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduced a new iterative method for solving nonlinear equations using the derivative estimation technique for the third-order Taylor's approximation. A comparative analysis of the new iterative technique to existing methods that can also be derived from Taylor's approximation, such as Newton's method (NM), Halley's method (HM), and Gemechu's method (GM), is also provided. A few examples of nonlinear equations have been solved where the results presented that the new iterative method has fourth-order convergence and is more accurate as compared to the previous methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article employs the multistage Banach contraction method to approximate the numerical solution of the Riccati equation. Unlike the standard Banach contraction method, which encounters difficulties as the solution point deviates from the initial position, the multistage approach is employed to achieve more accurate solutions over wider intervals. Comparisons with the exact solution reveal a high level of agreement in terms of precision. Consequently, this method offers a straightforward and efficient technique for solving nonlinear differential equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current era is witnessing advanced and amazing technological leaps, as a modern advanced technology called nanotechnology appears, which is one of the most important technological achievements that affected all areas of life, especially architecture, which directed the research to its goal of putting forward a special theoretical framework for nanotechnology indicators that support the achievement of sustainability and which directed the vision of The research is to make nanomaterials take a leading position to achieve aspects of sustainability, and the most important interest is to employ these achievements to achieve sustainability indicators in architecture, despite the fact that traditional materials, since ancient times, have proven their sustainability efficiency as a natural resource, but with the developments of the times and environmental and climatic changes, among others, they have confirmed their limitations in achieving contemporary sustainability. This is what specialists in the field of advanced technology, including our current research, are directed to shed light on. Accordingly, the problem was determined by "the lack of clarity on the role of nanomaterials in the sustainability of contemporary architecture." In order to achieve the research goal, the research adopted a methodology represented by the following steps: first clarifying the concepts of nanotechnology and sustainability, Second, by analyzing each of the properties of sustainable nanomaterials, third: a review of some previous studies that dealt with how to achieve sustainability in contemporary architecture in light of nanotechnology, specifically nanomaterials and techniques for working with them; fourth: building the theoretical framework for research, which includes vocabulary on how to achieve architectural indicators; Contemporary sustainable development in light of the capabilities of advanced nanomaterials leads to the last step in the methodology represented by applying the theoretical framework for research on four projects, two of which are recipients of the Gold Award for Sustainability. In the light of the application, the research clarified its results and conclusions, which were represented by the fact that nanomaterials in architecture provided solutions to some of the problems that architecture suffers from and which stand as an obstacle to actually achieving sustainability, such as reducing pollution and emission of gases or reducing heat gain, which contributes to rationalizing energy consumption and reducing costs, among others, thanks to techniques integrating them with The traditional materials represented by coating roofs with nanomaterials, coatings, sensors, and nanorobots, which have proven to increase the performance efficiency of contemporary buildings, have been awarded the LEED Sustainability awards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Friction stir welding (FSW) has had a significant effect in many industries. In particular, the automotive and building materials industries have developed a Friction Stir Spot Welding (FSSW) derivative of the original procedure, which has a considerable interest in welding aluminum alloys in thin sheets. The goal of this research was to investigate the effect of the welding parameter; rotational speed (RPM) on overlapping joints of aluminum alloys during FSSW of dissimilar aluminum alloys (AA5052 with AA6061). In the welded joints, FSSW was achieved by varying the rotating speed between (900, 1800, and 2700 RPM), feed rate (16 mm/min), plunging depth (0.4 and 0.5 mm), and preheating time (15 sec). A shear test was used to analyze the strength of welded zone by applying DOE. When using six samples with different variables, the best results were found with the fifth sample, as the shear strength of this sample increased compared to the rest of the samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is conducted to assess and evaluate the impact of some critical parameters that influence the deposition efficiency of Flame Spray Thermal Coating (FSTC). This research depends on two approaches; the first one is the Taguchi method, and the second is the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The Taguchi technique makes numerical optimizations to select the most influential parameter in terms of the deposition efficiency. The second approach is vital to validate and verify the findings obtained by the Taguchi method, according to three confirmation experiments. The research outputs revealed that the optimized deposition efficiency resulting from the Taguchi method using the FSTC was 96%. In comparison, the average deposition efficiency by three confirmation experiments (second technique) was 95.73%. These results can indicate that the optimization process using the Taguchi method is remarkably accurate and closer to the confirmation experiments. Additionally, it was observed that the significant factors affecting the quality and success of the FSTC process include: (A) the stand-off distance of 100 mm from (75, 100, and 125 mm), (B) powder feed rate of 30 g/min from (10, 20, and 30 g/min), (C) transverse velocity of 125 mm/min from (75, 100, and 125 mm/min), and (D) time delay per one spray of 4 min from (2, 4, and 6 min). Furthermore, the findings affirmed that the most influential factor in the FSTC process was the stand-off distance, followed by powder feed rate, the time of one spray, and transverse velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]