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The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect occurs when the asphalt pavement surface temperature exceeds 70 ℃ in summer. Rutting is a significant temperature-related problem that develops on asphalt surfaces when the temperature becomes too high. Additionally, this phenomenon increases energy consumption for cooling buildings near pavements and degrades air quality. In this work, a developed Asphalt Solar Collector (ASC) has been investigated by inserting tubes inside the construction of the pavement and circulating working fluid within it to capture the thermal energy generated by asphalt surfaces. The effect of Hot Mixture Asphalt (HMA) thermal conductivity has been investigated to improve HMA thermal performance and satisfies the aforementioned requirements. A numerical 3-D model utilizing COMSOL Multiphysics Software has been used to investigate the performance of various ASC models with parallel and serpentine embedded tubes. Analyses are performed on several different asphalt mixtures compositions and additives. The results show that increasing the thermal conductivity of HMA, increases the efficiency of ASC from 54.38 % to about 66.74 %, also the surface temperature of HMA decreases significantly from 60.18 ℃ to 52.67℃. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has been achieved to desalinate the brackish groundwater for several districts located in Baghdad the capital of Iraq which are Amiriya, Shurta 5 ,and New Baghdad by using reverse osmosis (RO) Unit. ULP 1812-50 RO type has been used for desalination in this paper. The system has accomplished the percentage of water recovery that ranged between (18.18 - 33.33)% and the percentage of salt rejection that ranged between (97.07 - 99.29)%. As well as the high efficiencies of removal for the physio-chemical parameters of the raw groundwater which are Electrical conductivity, EC (95-99)%, Turbidity(100)%, Total Hardness (100)%, Ca (95-100)%, Mg (84-93)%, Cl (70-96)%, SO4 (85-100)% and NO3 (73-93)%. These results have showed us that the RO technique is suitable to produce freshwater from brackish water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]