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Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) is a form of blended Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) with numerous short side chains. LLDPE has gradually gained popularity in recent decades, and its demand has increased, especially in the packaging and construction industries due to its lower manufacturing cost. This fabrication process of geotube containers using this material is investigated. This paper reports the comparison result of sealing performance between stitching and heat-sealing method for the fabrication process of geotube containers. Two types of LLDPE bags with different fabrication methods (stitching and heat-sealing) were prepared for the test. Once the bag was filled with water, it was left in an open space. The weight of the bag was measured for 60 days at different intervals (days and weeks). Results show that there was a decrease in LLDPE bag using stitching method from 1.4 kg to 1.32 kg for 3 days whereas the LLDPE bag using heat-sealing method did not show any weight changes and remained 1.42 kg for 60 days the data were taken. From the observation, it can be concluded that the fabrication process of using the heat-sealing method will not degrade the weight of the bag and has high potential to be applied in the fabrication process of geotube using the LLDPE material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evaluation of the mechanical properties of micro electronic and mechanical systems (MEMS) of micropillar resonators with part of highly sensitive emerging powerful sensors and small compact size is indispensable for designing MEMS devices. Micropillar resonators are applied with elastic metamaterials act as components, digital controllers and analog electronic circuits that are capable of active multi-resonant. Micro mechanical resonator shows dynamics in their elastic behaviour depending on size and accuracy of material properties to obtain optimum performances sensing. In this paper we investigate properties of micropillar resonator based on high aspect ratio (HAR) for three different kind of material, Aurum, Aluminum and Nickel. The simulation analysis of surface displacement and resonant frequency were carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics through eigenfrequency evaluation system of the supporting continuum with the range within sweep parameter. All of these three materials were sets to obtain mechanically covered micropillar with height scale range between 1-10µm and radius scale range between 2-4µm, Aluminum metal with geometry of 4µm radius and 10µm height can be identify as the highest resonance frequency value with 744.72MHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of Batik in Indonesia was related to the development of kingdoms in the archipelago to the spread of Islamic teachings in Java. Batik in the Mataram kingdom, the Kasunanan period, and the Islamic sultanate period had distinctive patterns and colors. After the end of the 18th and 19th centuries, the development of Batik in Java was rapid with the existence of cotton production. In the 20th century, the development of the Batik industry increased with the presence of home Batik production. The purpose of this paper was to reveal the spatial potential of the house for home industry activities carried out by coastal women in community empowerment in Mojo Village, Pemalang. The method of community empowerment initiated by the Department of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Central Java Province, the formation of two coastal women's groups, comparative studies for two Batik groups in Gemawang, Bawen, Semarang district, and historical studies of Batik activities in Java in the past. From these activities and studies of old literature on Batik activities, the researchers found that the process of Batik activities in the yard of the house had the opportunity to be developed as a home industry activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaysia has high density of shopping centers in the city. One famous spot for shopping is located at Petaling Jaya. It has few famous malls within a 10-km radius in the neighbourhood. Generally, about 10 to 30 percent of the visitors drive their own vehicles to the malls. This culture leads mall operators to the situation where car park become an indispensable facility for their malls and the traffic management inside car park an important issue to be discussed with. The bad attitude of Malaysian drivers can be seen by the increase of 22% of compound issued by city council in Kuala Lumpur. The inability to find and contact vehicle's owner in case of emergency incident would negatively impact the safety of visitors and cause traffic congestion in a car park. In order to solve this issue and assist car park management, a system to provide parked vehicles' information to authorized personnel is proposed. In this proposed system, a license plate recognition application has been developed for users to retrieve vehicles' information or register new vehicles by scanning at the vehicles' plate. The application uses MobileNet Single Shot Detector (SSD) algorithm to read license plate and query for vehicles' information from Firebase using the unique combination of plate number. In this paper, MobileNet SDD is compared with other light object detection algorithms such as You Only Look Once (YOLO) and other variants of SSD for their strengths and weaknesses. The vehicles identification methods used in car park are compared to show the trend of increasing use of License Plate Recognition (LPR) systems in shopping centres. The project is an attempt to take advantage of the LPR technology trend through proposing an extension to such a system on mobile device. This helps car park operators to get the owners' information without the hassle to manually key in details at a fixed location system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bullying, skipping classes and missing child case are still very prevalent in Malaysia even the police have involved and took some action. For those children who go to school or playground without parent accompany, there is a risk for them went missing, being bullied and molested outdoor either intentionally or unintentionally. There is a need for the parent to monitor their child and even know their child's location when they are outdoor. Thus, the ideas of the proposed system are to help the parent to monitor and keep track of their child's location when the child is prone to danger. This paper discussed about development of android-based application named Parent's-Closed-Circuit Mobile TV (CCMTV). This application was developed with the intention to help the parent to monitor their children since many of today's parent was busy and have little supervision on their children. The android parental spying app is a monitoring app that can view and listens to children's surrounding and tracks their GPS location. This system requires both (child and parent) applications to be operated under a stable internet connection. It is an Android development project that use the access permission of the android devices to work as a spying app which are dependent on the Google API and at the same time does not require device rooting. A study on the similar monitoring apps based on the top five parental control apps in 2019 has been made to find limitations to be enhanced. The development of the app is using the client-server architecture model where the client is both the parent and the child while the server is using the Firebase server. This system also uses the media server for its live streaming capabilities. The system development methodology chosen for this system is structured evolutionary prototyping with increment method and the only hardware needed for this project is the android smartphones and a laptop for development. The development of this application was done with Android Studio platform. This system only limits parent on a passive and stealth monitoring but not to apply restrictive control on their kid's smartphone usages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we mainly discuss about the Digital Image Clustering in Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) approach for biometric security. The main focus in this paper is to collect and gather as much as information about the technique for feature extraction in order to reduce the semantic gap problem in Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) to be implemented in biometric (face recognition) process. Several general features of Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) have been explained and discussed in this paper such as colour features, texture features, and shape features. From the preliminary study conducted earlier, colour features has been selected for the implementation of features extraction. In terms of biometric image features extraction implementation, image features of facial image will be extracted and stored in image feature database. Next, the query image will be processed in the same way as images in the database. Then, the matching is carried out on the feature database. On top of that, the common algorithm of colour features has been discussed as well to select the suitable colour model to be used. Based on the finding, the Red Green Blue (RGB) has been chosen as the selected colour model. The summarization regarding performance study of Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) algorithm based on RGB colour features selection has been included in this paper. The purpose of that performance study is to analyze the advantages and limitations of implementing the RGB colour model in the Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) technique. Other than selection of the general features of Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR), the selection and nomination of the clustering algorithm is very important in order to provide a greater Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) system. Several common algorithms such as K-means, Isodata, and KHM from the Partitional Clustering Algorithm has been discussed in detail in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pos Indonesia already has a distribution model, which includes vehicle routing and scheduling. The innovation that can compete with various logistics services is essential through improve services and exceed consumer expectations for delivery speed and accuracy. The Postal Processing Centres Bandung 40400 is responsible for deliveries; it has a specific route and number of trucks assigned to delivery in line with a specified zone system. In order to remain competitive with other providers, innovation in optimizing existing routes is required. This study aims to propose a Multi-Criteria Decision Making model with an Analytical Hierarchy Process and The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution and Monte Carlo Simulation to optimize route path by selecting delivery centres that give the best performance based on four criteria: product express types, demand, distance, and the number of postal bags. The Multi-Criteria Decision Making method is implemented to adapt the choice of operational managers in determining the priority of delivery centres based on company policies. Analytical Hierarchy Process implements the weighted criteria and The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution to determine the priority ranking based on the dataset. Monte Carlo then simulates the solution set. This simulation model shows the priority of distribution centres concerning current routes to assist operational managers in forecasting future delivery patterns based on available datasets. The delivery centre Cikeruh, Cikutra, Lembang, and Majalaya are the four delivery centres with the highest-ranking priority, suggesting that these four are given priority for the next delivery plans related to route, vehicle, and time constraints. A comprehensive dataset is required to optimize the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lubrication is one of the crucial elements affecting the engine performance of motor vehicles. It carries numerous functions, such as lowering friction, heat disposal, critical areas sealing, and other essential functions. Lubricant with thermophysical properties is reported to present better performance than conventional lubricant and is mostly used to produce superior lubricant performance. Nanolubricant represents the addition of nanomaterial into the lubricant to enhance its lubrication or thermophysical features. The nanoparticle suspension shows the agglomeration tendency induced by high surface activities. Accordingly, we used Oleic Acid to disperse the nanoparticle, forming a more stable suspension. The nanolubricant was synthesized using SAE 5W-30 lubricant, added with 0.5% of Al2O3, TiO2, and hybrid Al2O3/TiO2 nanoparticle, along with 10% of Oleic Acid. The research procedure was begun with the characterization of Al2O3 and TiO2 using SEM-EDX, XRD, and FTIR. The nanolubricant synthesis was carried out through four hours stirring process at 1000 rpm speed. Further, the thermophysical feature analysis covering the density, dynamic viscosity, and thermal conductivity was completed to identify the effects of nanoparticle addition on SAE 5W-30 lubricant. Meanwhile, the analysis of nanolubricant effects on the Honda Beat motorcycle performance covering the torque and power was completed using a dynamometer test. The results of data analysis showed an increasing nanolubricant's thermophysical properties to 751.7 kg/m3, at 0.06863 Pa.s density and 0.145 W/m.Ka dynamic viscosity in the thermal conductivity value. Meanwhile, the motor vehicle performance test showed an increasing torque of 8.24 N.m and 11.05 HP power. The nanolubricant added with TiO2/Al2O3, and oleic acid surfactant was observed to generate the highest performance of the motorcycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to investigate the relationship between workplace violence, occupational burnout and turnover among nurses in Malaysia. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 420 nurses at public hospitals in the Northern part of Malaysia. The results were then analyzed using the Social Sciences Statistical System (SPSS) and the Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) Partial Least Squares. The findings indicate that workplace violence and occupational burnout were positively significant with turnover. At the end of the paper, forwarded a few suggestions and recommendations based on the finding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) contains high omega – 3. Therefore, it can be utilized as a health supplement. In this work, omega-3 was isolated by using extraction method. Maceration extraction was chosen because of the simple process and it could extract many simplicia in 1 time extraction. The use of alcohol and water mixture as a solvent with various amount of solvent and maceration time resulted in the omega-3 extract. The omega-3 extract can be used as a reference in determining the variation for the best amount of solvents in extraction of purslane with dried leaf simplicia. Based on the Gas Chormatography-Mass Spectroscopy analysis, it was revealed that the highest concentration of omega-3 was obtained by the 20 days maceration using 1 liter solvent, resulting in 19.894 g filtrate and omega-3 concentrations of 220 mg ω-3 / 100g dried leaf simplicia. This result was better than the extraction conducted using 3 liters of solvent with the extraction time of 30 days which resulted in the highest amount of extract of 36.56 g. The extract obtained was then encapsulated using the plate drying method which could maintain the quality of the core material. The quality was characterized with phase change to become solid after the encapsulation process so the core material can be safely consumed by humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black rice ‘Sirampog’ is one of the potential plant genetic resources in Indonesia. Yet, it has not been registered as a superior variety because it has never been scientifically characterized. This research is aimed to characterize the agronomy, morphology, and ethnopharmacology of ‘Sirampog’; and analyze its potency as a superior variety. The survey research was conducted in Sirampog Subdistrict, Brebes Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia in 2018. The traits observed include morphological and agronomical traits, based on the guidelines for Rice Characterization and Evaluation System published by the Indonesian Germplasm National Commission. The ethnopharmacology data was observed through questionnaires and interviews with the local community. Data were analyzed by descriptive narrative. The results showed that the traits of the rice ‘Sirampog’ were specific. The height reached was 175 cm. The rice was shiny black, fragrant, with weight of 100 grains ranged between 3.4-3.6 g and the yield was between 4-5 tons/ha. Local community used the black rice ‘Sirampog’ as food and beverage. They believed that black rice ‘Sirampog’could reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, digestive disorders; and enhance immunity. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the black rice ‘Sirampog’ has high potency to be set as a superior variety in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biosensor system is potentially to be used with the advancement in a Microfluidic channel (MfC) and Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs). Even though there were many biosensors, an optical sensing system, MfC and GNPs could offer more flexible and economical solution. A preliminary study in a finite element simulation is required to compute: 1-Reflection and refraction of the light beam. 2-Electromagnetic field of the GNPs and 3-Parabolic flow in the MfC. The objectives in this study are to determine: 1-Total Internal Reflection (TIR) for generating an evanescent wave. 2-Immobilization point of the analyte in the MfC and the 3-Excitation wavelength of the GNPs. A 2D/3D geometries of the quartz glass-air medium, GNPs and MfC were designed, modeled, simulated and analyzed separately. The simulation result indicates TIR angle could be achieved at 42°, higher GNPs energy distribution at 500 nm and parabolic flow from corner and centre velocities respectively at 0.02 m/s and 0.06 m/s. The outcome from this study is beneficial to design a label free biosensor for molecular and microbial detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A copper nanoparticle exhibit electromagnetic spectrum that is potential in a biosensor development. It is crucial to design a low cost nanoparticle biosensor that is easily fabricated at precise sizes and density. This paper provides a convenient method for copper nanoparticle deposition on a glass substrate with a magnetron sputtering process known as Physical Vapor Deposition. The main objective is to determine a reliable prediction recipe for various nanometer copper film thicknesses. In this experiment, six glass slides were coated with copper at different sputtering time. The time was varied from 280 sec to 980 sec while Argon gas and DC power were maintained respectively at 80 sccm and 130 watt. Later, the optics based measurement and electron microscope were employed for assessing the copper film thickness. The experiment result indicates different thicknesses were achieved from 35 nm to 45 nm at various sputtering time. A uniform and continuous coating were achieved as magnified by Scanning Electron Microscope. The result is beneficial for evaluating the anisotropy of the copper coating for a nanoscale microbial detection at different spectral wavelength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Miniaturization of the channel size of heat exchanging devices increases the surface to volume ratio, thus promotes higher heat transfer. Operating in two-phase flow further increases the coolant’s ability to transfer heat due to the higher latent heat compared to sensible heat in a single phase flow. Many studies have been done to obtain heat transfer coefficient correlations that can accurately predict heat transfer phenomenon. But, there is a factor that influences their accuracy; the effects near the dryout region. Heat transfer has been found to decrease when dryout occurs. Available correlations cannot predict the occurrence of dryout in flow boiling heat transfer. This study analyzed the dryout region between three previous heat transfer coefficient correlations for propane (R290) of a similar form for different values of mass flux and heat flux as the vapour quality changed. It was found that disagreements between predicted and experimental coefficient occurred when the vapour quality is between 0.6 and 0.8. Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) optimization was then utilized to obtain simultaneous maximization of the nucleate boiling and forced convective boiling heat transfer, two mechanisms contributing towards boiling heat transfer and results showed that MOGA is capable of predicting the dryout region under optimized conditions. The optimization works showed that when the mass flux, G is around 200 kgm-2s-2, heat flux, q is around 19 kW m-2, the vapour quality range must be taken into account which is between 0.0 until 0.8 before the dryout occurs. This can be used as guide to controlling heat exchanging devices such that two phase flow boiling occurs as predicted with the maximum heat transfer desired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buildings in Malaysia consume 14.3% of total energy and 53% of electrical energy. One of the major contributors to overall building energy consumption is the air conditioning mechanical and ventilation system (ACMV). Therefore, optimizing the building's energy efficiency for the ACMV system is essential to improving the environment and reduce energy consumption, especially for the office building. As beginning, the usage of a cost-effective energy monitoring and control system has become important for tracking and tracing energy flows, especially for ACMV system. This system is essential parts in order to optimize energy usage for this study, a 27-years-old office building in Terengganu has been installed with this system. Methods: The system consists of Web-Based Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system, Mobile IoT Applications, local monitoring device that are connected to electricity power meter and controller, which capable of regulating room temperature as well as controlling operation of the ACMV system. The Main Switch Control Panel (MSCP) is equipped with a Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) responsible for causing the automatic operation of the Water-Cooled Packaged Units (WCPUs). The RTU receives commands from and send the information to the SCADA Server through LAN network. Result: The development of an Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled device that uses the Modbus remote control unit (RTU) protocol to interface with multi-digital energy meters. The monitored data include the energy consumption, room temperature and other related data such as average current, total power and average voltage. Besides, the system allows to be controlled include daily operating hours including start and stop timing of the WCPUs and compressors can be set in advance. The IoT application can be accessed either through web browser or by installing a dedicated android apps, developed specifically for this system. Conclusion: The prototype was successfully installed in 27-year-old office building at Terengganu. With the development of this system, it is provided useful information such as energy consumption, hourly running, and other related data. This data is important for building energy management and the ability to detect mechanical or electrical breakdowns early. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a bibliometric analysis on house price determination based on articles in Scopus database. The objective of this paper is to analyse scientific research on house price by using bibliometric approach. This paper analysed 408 articles from Scopus database. VOSviewer software was used for data visualization, while Microsoft Excel was used for data analysis. This paper presents year of publications, most active journals, keywords analysis and most influential country. The analysis reveals that the highest number of reported publications is in 2008 and most articles were published in Journal of Urban Economics. Of the 612 keywords, 25 were brought into visualization and United States is the most influential countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable Urban Drainage System (SuDS) such as swales and rain gardens is showing growing popularity as a green technology for stormwater management and it can be used in all types of development to provide a natural approach to managing drainage. Soil permeability is a critical factor in selecting the right SuDS technique for a site. On this basis, we have set up a laboratory experiment to investigate the porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity of single size and binary (two sizes) mixture using column-test as a preliminary investigation with two sets of glass beads with different sizes are used in this study. The porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity for varies volume fraction of the course and fine glass beads were measured. It was found that the porosity of the binary mixture does not increase with the increment of the ratio of coarse to fine beads until the volume fraction of fine particles is equal to the coarse component. Saturated hydraulic conductivity result shows that the assumption of random packing was not achieved at the higher coarse ratio where most of the fine particles tend to sit at the bottom of the column forming separate layers which lower the overall hydraulic conductivity value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a numerical membrane model of traditional musical instrument kompang that will be used to find the parameter of membrane tension of x-ray membrane representing the classical goatskin membrane of kompang. In this study, the experiment towards the kompang is first conducted in an acoustical anechoic enclosure and in parallel a mathematical model of the kompang membrane is developed to simulate the vibration of the kompang membrane in polar coordinate by implementing Fourier-Bessel wave function. The wave equation in polar direction in mode 0,1 is applied to provide the corresponding natural frequencies of the circular membrane. The value of initial and boundary conditions in the function is determined from experiment to allow the correct development of numerical equation. The numerical mathematical model is coded in SMath for the accurate numerical analysis as well as the plotting tool. Two kompang membrane cases with different membrane materials, i.e. goat skin and x-ray film membranes with fixed radius of 0.1 m are used in the experiment. An alternative of kompang's membrane made of x-ray film with the appropriate tension setting can be used to represent the sound of traditional goat-skin kompang. The tension setting of the membrane to resemble the goat-skin is 24N. An effective numerical tool has been develop to help kompang maker to set the tension of x-ray membrane. In the future application, any tradional kompang with different size can be replaced by another membrane material if the tension is set to the correct tension value. The developed numerical tool is useful and handy to calculate the tension of the alternative membrane material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presently service organizations are challenged by fierce global competition, new technology and changing customer demands. These trends force service sectors to adapt environmental factors and places innovation at the core of their competitive strategy. On the other hand, service sectors challenge to deliver value memorable experiences and complete "service solutions" while lowering costs and keep sustainable. Despite, many studies have attempted to explore the factors that help toward environmental sustainability in the manufacturing sector, the service sector has not yet received a considerable attention in all world countries generally and in developing countries particularly. Thus, this paper aims to explore the factors that help to attain environmental sustainability in the service sector. A qualitative case study through semi-structured interview conducted with twenty managers from AirAsia to explore the factors that are related to environmental sustainability and green services. Besides, secondary data from document analysis was reviewed to gain more comprehensive understanding and triangulate the interview data. The finding of this paper emphasizes to three important factors namely institutional factors, process factors and result factors that each factor contain sustainability and innovations to promote competitive green service in the marketplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the greatest issues in the past which is the lack of available information and difficulty in finding information has ironically taken a different turn in today's context of ever increasingly available information. Within the current day and age, information has become much easier to find and acquire. However, due to the availability and access of information, a new problem arises in the form of information overload. Information overload occurs when there is too much information available, which causes a difficulty in understanding a certain topic or issue. This results in difficulty when making decisions, confusion, frustration or overall lack of motivation to further pursuing the topic or issue. This can prove to be an issue for someone who is new to a certain field or someone who lacks a clear perspective on how to continue from where they are at currently. This research aims to develop a mobile application in order to reduce information overload and tackle the issues of facing a stagnating hobby, to make it more interesting by connecting users with each other to allow for discussion and socializing. Information overload will be dealt with using machine learning algorithms in order to understand the users' grasp on their hobbies while making sure that they are able to keep up and stay interested in the hobbies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the factors that influence high numbers of road fatalities and accidents among motorcycle riders. This study proposes a conceptual framework that illustrates how high-risk road users, such as motorcycle riders, can prevent road accidents by fostering high-impact preventive countermeasures for sustainable traffic safety. Several critical variables on road user behavior related to road accident involvement are presented in a conceptual framework. The proposed conceptual framework suggested that behavioral factors such as anger, attitude, and sensation seeking affect the motorcycle riders' involvement in a road accident. Additionally, mindfulness plays an important mediating role between behavioral factors and road accident involvement. The proposed framework considers a comprehensive set of reviews rarely discussed in the existing literature. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was proposed to evaluate the proposition of the latent variables and their influence on road accident involvement. The proposed path model indicated that mindfulness has a strategic role in reducing road accident involvement, having an indirect effect through riding anger, attitude and sensation seeking. The study could benefit transportation authorities and agencies in Malaysia to execute high-impact countermeasures to reduce road accident involvement among motorcyclists in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are pollutants that can reduce indoor air quality and the leading cause of respiratory disorders such as Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) and Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). Because of that, the indoor air must be cleaned by degrading VOCs. One of the non-thermal plasma applications to degrade VOCs is negative ion plasma or Negative Air Ion (NAI), i.e., ionized air becomes negatively charged. Superoxide is one of the most widely produced NAI and can be a degrading agent for VOCs in the air. The ability of plasma negative ions in degrading VOCs was further investigated using case studies in 1500 ppm ethanol and 600 ppm toluene. The research was conducted by injecting ethanol and toluene gas into the prototype, equipped with a negative ion plasma generator that produces a DC voltage of 5.6 kV. The measured negative ion density in the prototype is 8 x 106 – 1.2 x 107 ion/m3. The Removal efficiency of ethanol reached 99.94% during a contact time of 4 hours with a final concentration of 0.97 ppm, while that of toluene reached 99.77% during a contact time of 5 hours with a final concentration of 1.33 ppm. Fan blowing speed can increase the performance of negative ion plasma, where the fan speed of 1600 RPM at a voltage of 12VDC gives the best results in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Customer complaints are handled as part of the customer service function. The process can be used to control customer dissatisfaction. The greater the number of customers who are pleased with the benefits of a product, the better the customer service. Currently, chatbots are widely used in businesses to improve and simplify customer service. Its existence is advantageous in that it allows for faster data access, allowing it to provide services to customers more quickly. Because of this ease of access, businesses are obligated to ensure that all devices they own are secure. Based on this, the researcher will increase the Security Framework on the Chatbot by using MAC address authentication, which can only be accessed by the registered customer's hardware machine address, so that the chatbot menu will not be able to run if it is accessed on a different hardware device (smartphone, laptop, or tablet). Prior to software authentication such as hybrids such as matching name and password, unique code, and email verification, MAC address authentication on hardware is expected to be the first stage to be authenticated by the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The explosive growth of online-Social-Networks and the vast number of their subscribers' data has played a major role at this time to the trend toward interest to detect suspicious and anomalous behaviours on this OSNs. Moreover, the attracted attackers and impostors were intercepted personal data, share false news and promote malignant activities. Thus, the researchers were encouraged by the graphical structure of social networks to use different graph metrics and classification algorithms to detect anomalous activities. However, some of those classification algorithms have been a negative effect or no effect on the end-results, nor do they always achieve satisfactory results by using standalone classification algorithms. This article introduces a new algorithm, called PCA-NN which suggest efficient detection of anomalies and non-anomalies for Facebook. Also, the feature selection and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) techniques have applied. furthermore, classification algorithms for machine learning have used to assess the anomalies and non-anomalies such as supporting vector machine (SVM), neural network (NN), logistic regression (LR) and our built algorithm PCA-NN. Lastly, a minimum number of features have used by the proposed algorithm (PCA-NN) to identify the anomalies on online social networks with the highest accuracy and sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficiency and effectiveness of motor vehicle engine performance in the automotive industry is strongly influenced by the condition of the lubricating oil used. Nanotechnology applied in lubrication has become a topic of research in the field of metal machining and manufacturing. Nanolubricant is useful for increasing the efficiency of lubrication because it has a rolling effect so that it can reduce friction that occurs. This research used SAE 5W-30 lubricant and added 0.5% Al2O3 and TiO2 nanomaterials. The initial step is to test the material characterization using SEM-EDX, XRD, and FTIR. Calculations and testing of thermophysical properties (density, viscosity, and thermal conductivity) were carried out to determine the effect of adding nanomaterials to the thermophysical properties of nanolubricant. Motorcycle performance testing uses a dyno test to determine the effect of nanolubricant on engine torque and power. The results of this study showed an increase in the thermophysical properties of the hybrid nanolubricant at a density of up to 806 kg/m3, an increase in the viscosity value of 0.06816 Pa.s, and a decrease in the thermal conductivity up to 0.101 W/m.K. The addition of nanoparticles to the hybrid nanolubricant also provides an increase in torque of 8.24 Nm and an increase in power up to 11Hp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, fiberglass is used as an insulation material, and this synthetic fiber is categorised as non-biodegradable and causes air pollution. This study compared the thermal and acoustical properties of Betong bamboo (Dendrocalamus Asper) and fiberglass. Conductivity (K-Value) and sound absorption coefficient (SAC) were measured for both materials. The SAC was calculated using an impedance tube at low and high frequencies in accordance with EN ISO 10534-2:2001, while thermal conductivity was measured using Solteq HE110 thermal conductivity apparatus. From data analysis, the k-values of bamboo and fibreglass were 0.05 and 0.04, respectively. The analysis also showed that the difference in k-value between natural and synthetic fibers was 0.01 at 25 mm thickness, while fiberglass was 4.986. For sound acoustic, bamboo fibre showed 0.54 and 0.86 SAC between 2000 Hz and 2500 Hz, while 0.47 and 0.71 SAC were recorded for fibreglass. It can be concluded that bamboo fibre could be used as thermal and sound insulation, with performance equal to or better than fibreglass. Further research can be extended to make bamboo fibers as natural insulation for ducting, or in building. This study recommends refining bamboo fibres using different binders to increase durability and be used as insulation in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An Ultra-wideband (UWB) rectangular corrugated edges antipodal Vivaldi antenna (RCE-AVA) designed for through wall imaging applications is demonstrated. In this study, two distinct designs for antipodal Vivaldi antennas are reported: a conventional AVA and a rectangular corrugated edges AVA. In this study, a parametric-based analysis of both antennas is presented. At first, a conventional AVA with an elliptical shaped antenna is designed using FR4 substrate. Additionally, the antenna is modified with Rogers-5880 material by implementing same size rectangular corrugations on the edges of the antenna. Furthermore, the modified antenna provides stable gain and high directivity throughout the UWB band. The proposed antenna worked in the frequency rangefrom 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz with improved radiation properties. A maximum gain of around 11.8 dB is achieved with a return loss value of less than -10. Computer Simulation Technology (CST) simulation software was used to verify the design, parametric evaluation, and optimization of RCE-AVA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Road accidents are considered one of the most severe threats to the motoring public globally, including Malaysia. There was a considerable number of vehicles involved in road accidents, specifically motorcycles and motorcars. Together, they recorded the highest number of vehicles involved in accidents on Malaysian roads. Malaysian authorities on road safety and transportation have taken numerous efforts such as public education, campaign, and traffic rules enforcement in order to reduce accident rates among the most accident-prone road users, namely drivers of motorcars and motorcycles. However, evidence suggests that accident rates among these accident-prone drivers remain high. Thus, motorcar and motorcycle drivers, by far, remains as high-risk road users on Malaysian road. Many studies in the past attempted to discover factors that contribute to the high number of road accidents among these high-risk drivers. However, these studies were engineering-based, and countermeasures suggested from behavioral studies are still scarce. Therefore, the present study aims to bridge the existing gap. Specifically, this study will propose a conceptual framework to investigate the relationship and influence of behavioral variables on road accident proneness among motorcar and motorcycle drivers. The framework is expected to aid government agencies such as JPJ, PDRM, JKJR, and Ministry of Transport in the planning of effective road safety campaigns, education, and enforcement by targeting a specific group of high-risk road user. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During recent years, microfluidic has become as an advanced technique for analytical, biological, diagnostics and biomedical research. This project describe the protocols that are used for fabricating microfluidic devices from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Current method using immunoanalytical which is ELISA Kits. The previous work fabricate the MFC by using polystyrene. However, this material was not more suitable because the necessary of expensive equipment required to fabricate the microfluidic. Due to the problem that arise from the previous work, this project will improve the material and method used. Biosensors were develop to overcome this problem. The advantages of development biosensors which are simple, fast and low-cost. This project will improvised the previous materials by using Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to fabricate the MFC. The PDMS has been widely used in fabricating the MFC because these material is easy to fabricate, and it bonds strongly to glass with PDMS. This framework is proposed for the synthesis of a complete microfluidic PDMS device fabrication process. The process to fabricated the MFC are design the mold used TinkerCad, compute the parabolic low (pressure and velocity) in the microfluidic channel by using COMSOL then used pneumatic stamping technique to check the leakage of MFC. At the end of this project will resulting three different design of microfluidic channel and choose which design is more compatible. As a conclusion the main function of microfluidic used to manipulating and controlling fluids, usually in the range of microliters. The advantages of PDMS compared to other materials were it is transparent at optical frequency, easy to mold compared to other materials, bio- compatible. This material also bonds tightly to glass. In future, this project could be improving by some of additional features which using oven to cure the mixture and reduce the time taken of the degassed process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biosensor is one of the analytical devices that can detect chemical substance which contain biological component with a physicochemical detector. Optical biosensors are powerful alternative to conventional analytical techniques. Plasmonic biosensors are relying under optical biosensor categories. Previously, biosensor are normally use the tags and label-based detection and it will condition unbinding antigen towards the antibody such an example label is conjugated with one of the bio reactants, labeling can alter the biding properties. Plasmonic biosensor is a biosensor that uses Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) theory for its operation. Normally this biosensor is contains from a few components such as light source, prism, metal film, and detector. The metal film part is going to be discussed in this study where the SPR phenomenon will experienced. Gold nanoparticle is being used as the main material to fabricate the substrate and forming the thin film. Stated also gold have good chemical and mechanical stability which will affected the immobilization activity. For the exciting method use for surface plasmon, Krestchmann Configuration is being the most selected one. This obviously will produce a different kind of light reflection and dielectric properties. For the development of this plasmonic thin film the method is going to use is DC magnetron sputtering method and will be test on the rotational angle stage in order to get the optimum energy absorption that produce dark band as the intensity of light being absorb at certain angle. On the same time, simulation for SPR phenomenon oh this thin film was develop and resulting on produce graphical result on light refractive index [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Propagation of superior durian (Durio zibethinus) are constrained due to the limited number of the tree. Grafting and budding are commonly used in durian propagation, however these techniques give destructive effect to mother plant. Alternatively, in vitro technique can be chosen for propagation of superior durian. The research aims to study the possibility of durian flower bud as an explant for micropropagation because this part is relatively more sterile than other organs. Half strength Murashige dan Skoog media were used to grow explant with addition of 1 ppm 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and various combinations of sucrose concentration (30 gr/L, 50 gr/L and 70 gr/L), and Thidiazuron (TDZ, 0.2 ppm, 0.4 ppm and 0.8 ppm). Totally, there were nine treatment combinations with six replications, respectively. Parameters observed were number of explants-producing callus, colour and callus morphology. The result indicated that flower bud of durian had a potential as an explant for micropropagation due to their ability to induce callogenesis (69.2%). Combination of 45 gr/L sucrose and 0.8 ppm TDZ gave the best result in inducing callus growth. Most of the callus showed white colour and friable callus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kundur area in Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia is very well known for having many superior durian cultivars. It is foretold that most of durian plants on the island are originally grown from seeds derived from Malaysian durian. Superiorities of Kundur durian are differently unique in taste, texture and arylus colour. This study aimed to analyse the diversity of superior durian in Kundur using morphological properties and characteristics. Vegetative and generative phases of 30 durian cultivars were observed in five vegetative and seven generative properties. Characteristics that can be observed in each trait were transformed to scores then analysed using the NTSYS-pc 2.02 program to determine the level of similarity/diversity of Kundur durian cultivars. Results showed that similarity of Kundur durian cultivars ranged from 37-78% or had a diversity of 22-63%. There were no cultivars that showed 100% similarity. Based on the results of Pearson's correlation analysis, 30 of the 48 characteristics observed were positively correlated. Based on fruit characteristics that consumers like, 33.3% Kundur durian is preferred because it has an arylus thickness > 10 mm, 80% has a bittersweet taste, 26.7% arylus is dark yellow, and 77% arylus texture is soft and dry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermoforming process has now become the most suitable and conventional method for manufacturing 3D circuits with complex geometries. The mold of commercially available automobile lighting LED is developed using CNC machine. The stretchable circuit is printed on a thermoplastic substrate through screen printing technique before undergoing thermoforming process. The factors that affect a thermoformed product are the stretch level and thickness reductions of the substrate. This paper aims to study the effect of the variation in dimensions of the thermoformed product without the printed stretchable circuit on the substrate. Finite element methods (FEM) analysis is also carried out in order to visualize the behavior of the substrate in terms of area stretch ratios (ASR) and thickness reductions of different wall surfaces after deformation according to the geometry of the mold. The ASR and thickness values obtained by experiment and simulation are compared. As a result, the simulated values are bit higher than the experimental ones but they are acceptable, therefore, the behavior of thermoforming product like large stretch areas and less thickness, can be determined prior to the actual thermoforming process of the product with printed stretchable circuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the Covid19 epidemic in early 2020, online learning has become the practice for students of all ages in schools, whether in kindergarten, primary, secondary, or even higher education. The transition from classroom activities to digital learning such as quizzes, debates, brainstorming and more tools, have open many opportunities for researchers to analyze, design or develop the application. This research is to regard the gamification in learning which was used by researcher since 2010 in the classroom activities. A literature review was done on the gamification in a learning process before and after the epidemic and how it gives impact on student's affective elements in learning. Besides the literature review, we conducted a preliminary inquiry after students have had experienced the gamification in their learning before the epidemic. We conducted two forms of methods: a focus group conducted prior to the pandemic and an internet survey conducted after the outbreak. Aside from the investigation, we were able to determine students' motivation in online classes by pulling real data from their class access time in the morning class via Blackboard Learn online platform. Aligning traditional teaching and activities in the classroom requires work and ingenuity in terms of how to design it on an online platform while maintaining the same level of participation. We are currently transformed our usual classroom activity such as SUDOKU quiz game into a mobile educational game prototype. Due to the short duration of our project grant, the game prototype will be developed using prototype method. Some planned gaming aspects are suggested in the game, which will be discussed later. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manufacturing business activities, operations and decisions are highly influenced by the current trend on green technology practices, which emerged from the sustainability concept. In the interest of enhancing sustainability development, the need to adopt green technology practices (GTP) is crucial for firms to considered. Prominent scholars in the sustainability studies had found a positive relationship between sustainability practices and firm performance. The aims of this paper is to analyse GTP's effects toward firm performance and the mediation effects of GTP through green technology drivers. Data were collected from 280 Malaysian manufacturing firms to empirically examine the relationships that existed among green technology drivers, GTP and firm performance. Utilizing the SEM-AMOS procedures, the study revealed that two green technology drivers (resource availability and market dynamics) have positive effect on GTP and it fully mediated the link between GTP and performance. Thus, the empirical results confirmed the effects of green technology drivers and GTP in enhancing firm performance. Hence, this research urged that firms should strengthen the practices related to green initiatives internally rather than focusing on external environment to improve firm performance. Furthermore, firms should clearly define the types of GTP that fit to their long term strategic goal with concurrent enhancement to the firm's green sustainable competitive advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As Ethereum and Bitcoin dominate the cryptocurrency market, their investors are concerned about each possibility of market price movements. The study aims to analyze the market price of these two cryptocurrencies and their respective volatility. Generalized Auto Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) is a model that excels in modelling volatility of a price-based time series. This research utilized the daily prices of Ethereum and Bitcoin. GARCH (1,1) model is applied as it is the most accurate model compared to the other GARCH (p,q) model. Based on the findings, this study concludes that Ethereum's volatility is more likely to persist in the long run than Bitcoin. However, for the short run, Ethereum's volatility is less persistent as compared to Bitcoin. Thus, Ethereum is much more profitable in the long run as compared to Bitcoin meanwhile Bitcoin is much more profitable in the short run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to investigate the influence of bed temperatures on various acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer (ABS) parts produced from Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). The Printing process was conducted at a fixed nozzle temperature of 240°C while bed temperatures were varied from 90°C, 100°C and 110°C. Part shapes were varied accordingly to examine warpage, shrinkage and density due to variation of part thicknesses separately. Changes in the glass transition temperature of ABS printed parts with different bed temperatures were examined using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). It was found that the warpage and shrinkage reduced with increasing bed temperature due to the reduction of thermal stress with a higher glass transition temperature of printed samples compared with its filament. The thin sample indicated pronounced shrinkage compared with thick sample due to lower thermal contraction in the thicker sample but the former was less affected by the variation of bed temperature. Samples of different heights with fixed infill density indicated variations of the trend of density with different bed temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an approach for determining temperature distribution on a 2200A busway model. Solidwork software was used in order to create 3D modeling of busway model. This paper proposes a simulation model developed by coupling the multiphysics between electrical analysis and thermal analysis. The coupling was done by using ANSYS Workbench and ANSYS Maxwell. Basically, the electrical analysis is performed onwards busway model in order to get the value of ohmic loss which is heat loss from the conductors in the busway. The ohmic loss results will be imported to thermal analysis in order to get the temperature result as well as temperature distribution. First, the direct current loading of the busbar, which neglect the alternating current effects, was considered. Second, the alternating current loading of busbar was used instead of direct current loading. The model of the second approach gives much more accurate result in term of temperature difference. The presented model was validated against temperature measurement on real size busway under electrical loading. The obtained results show that a very good agreement between computed and experimental data. Once the verification of the model is done, the busway configurations setup behavior is studied. Increasing number of feeder affects thermal stress concentration on busway joint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]