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Medical images are images of the interior body taken using medical imaging techniques. Most of these images are contaminated with noise caused by transmission limitations or storage devices during the process of image collection from MRI, CT scan, or biopsy procedures. To date, many researchers have found that image denoising is a difficult task because they must strike a balance between noise reduction and preserving sharp image edges. Instead of conventional denoising methods, this paper studies the application of Shearlet transform for denoising the medical image. Shearlet transform is able to provide better directional determination during image reconstruction because it has the properties of a multiscale and is able to extract anisotropic features on images. In this study, different thresholding methods such as hard threshold, Otsu threshold and adaptive threshold were considered for denoising the image. In this study, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), mean square error (MSE) and structural similar index (SSIM) are used for performance evaluation. The experimental results show that the Shearlet transform is suitable to be used for denoising the medical images, where the most suitable thresholding method is the hard threshold, which it effectively reconstructs the images and preserve the edges on medical images compared to the other considered thresholding methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oil and gas industry has a very important role in ensuring the availability of gas and oil to meet national gas needs and availability. As one of the tasks to ensure the fulfillment of this, one of the most important tasks is the function of gas transportation and distribution. In carrying out the transportation of gas, there are several equipment that certainly have the potential for danger and high risk, especially the risk of fire because the media being transported are flammable and explosive materials. One of the equipment that has great potential in a gas station is the Slug Catcher. Slug catcher are equipment for minimize the slug from oil and gas pipeline at anytime can result in a fire. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a Fire Risk Assessment on Slug Catcher at gas stations based on applicable standards and regulations to assess the adequacy of the current protection system or equipment and emergency management system in gas transportation activities. This research steps uses data collection, modeling and interviews. The results of assessing the consequences of the release of ignited hydrocarbons show that the thermal radiation of a jet fire depends on the source of the leak. The worst case in terms of thermal jet fire radiation is slug catcher at a leak of 100 mm which has a thermal radius of 35 kW/m2 with a distance of 14 yard. This company has a good emergency management system, and also has clear emergency response procedures and a well-trained team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boron is one of the vital elements for human health-boosting, industrial applications, and plant growth. However, if the boron concentration in an aqueous stream would go beyond the permissible limit, it should be removed and recovered. Therefore, boron extraction is targeted as a preventive measure to satisfy the standards for drinking water and protect the plant crops. Moreover, for production purposes, boron is recovered from industrial wastewater or nuclear streams to be reused in various processes. Based on previous experimental work within our group, a novel deep eutectic mixture composed of decanol (Dec) and 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol (TMPD) was developed and examined for the removal of boron from aqueous medium through liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). The Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) are 'green" solvents that have many desirable features like low volatility, simplicity of synthesis, biodegradability, and cost-efficiency. In this work, the hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent that consists of Dec-TMPD is used as a solvent to extract boron from an aqueous medium at different operating conditions. The performance of the newly developed eutectic mixtures is verified over various operational extraction variables such as pH, aqueous to organic mass ratio, and temperature. This is accomplished by following an Experimental Design in accordance to the Design of Experiments (DoE) statistical methodology. The Design and statistical analysis were done with the aid of 'Minitab' software. The results presented here provide the optimum range of extraction process variables that allow an efficient Boron LLE with the aid of a new environmentally-friendly deep eutectic solvent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methanol is a promising new alternative fuel that emits significantly less carbon dioxide than gasoline. Traditionally, methanol was produced through natural gas or coal gasification via syngas intermediate that has a high carbon footprint. In order to reduce its carbon footprint, alternative methanol production processes including direct production pathways through methane partial oxidation reactions have been intensively investigated in recent years. The purpose of this study is to synthesize ZSM-5 zeolite from coal fly ash and rice husk ash and measure its efficacy in catalyzing the direct conversion of methane to methanol via partial oxidation reaction. In this experiment, the zeolite was produced using the following molar ratio: 12 NaOH : 30SiO2 : 0.75 Al2O3 : 1800 H2O. XRD, BET, and SEM - EDX analysis were used to analyze the zeolite structure of ZSM-5, and the results revealed that ZSM-5 zeolite was successfully synthesized from coal fly ash and rice husk ash. The catalytic activity performance of the ZSM-5 zeolite was tested in a batch reactor at 423 K and an initial methane pressure of 4 bar with 1 gram of catalyst (zeolite) for 1 hour to carry out the methane to methanol conversion reaction. The catalytic activity of the synthesized ZSM-5 zeolite was compared to that of a commercial ZSM-5 zeolite for performance comparison. Additionally, a control reaction involving the same reaction was conducted without the use of a catalyst. This study found that synthesized ZSM-5 zeolite had a reaction yield of 10.04% while commercial ZSM-5 zeolite had a yield of 2.60%. These findings suggest that the ZSM-5 zeolite made from coal fly ash and rice husk ash has the potential to be used in the methane to methanol conversion process via partial oxidation reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional car rental systems face challenges due to lengthy procedures, resulting in poor outcomes for clients and rental companies. This study proposes an innovative vehicle rental framework that integrates mobile app management and IoT technology. An Accident Detection System is introduced to improve safety measures. The system includes an e-commerce platform for online car rental and an IoT-enabled Accident Detection System. The platform enables efficient rental services by offering online access to vehicles and financial transactions. The Accident Detection System helps owners promptly detect incidents and enhancing safety. Integration of mobile app management and IoT technology provides benefits like real-time monitoring, compliance tracking, maintenance identification, and theft tracking. These advancements significantly improve the rental experience. The proposed system received strong support from users and owners within the IIUM community, with 96% user and 100% owner endorsement. Functionalities like seat belt and accident detection are already in place, with future plans to integrate IoT technology for real-time monitoring, further enhancing convenience and safety in car rental services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human capital is one of vital resources in order to drive economic growth and country development. Failure to sustain them in the country leads issue of brain drains phenomenon. Subsequent to this issue, the country will face losses of high skilled workforce. Therefore, this phenomenon should be addressed properly to avoid the talents migration or intension to leave the country to gain better career development abroad. In view of the above, this study attempts to investigate and evaluate the drivers of brain drains intention among graduates in International Business program. The study examines four main constructs that cause to the brain drains; salary and benefits, family reason, workplace environment and political reason. This study employed quantitative approach via randomly distributing online questionnaires to 260 respondents. The study findings revealed that, political reason contribute to the strongest correlation towards intention to migrate. Furthermore, all constructs were positively and significantly contributes to the intention to migrate among International Business graduates. This study also highlights the study significance, limitations and recommendations for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydropower is one of the most essential mainstays in the long list of renewable energy resources that implements the use of potential energy of water to generate power by transforming the energy in the form of electricity. Forecasting the future energy production benefits in maintaining the effectiveness of the hydropower plant in the long term. This study aims to forecast the hydropower energy produced as electricity in Sultan Mahmud Hydropower Plant, Lake Kenyir, Terengganu using Box-Jenkins model in the short term from October 2020 until December 2022. Analysis and forecast is based on the historical data from a total of four unit of electricity generator from January 1997 to September 2020. Evaluation is made on the forecasted result using Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) to validate the accuracy of the model. The results demonstrated that by using the proposed model and numerical calculation, Box-Jenkins model is effective in forecasting the monthly electricity energy produced by the hydropower plant. The best model obtained with the smallest MAPE value of 26.4% is ARIMA (2,0,0). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amazing advances in concrete technology and the accessibility of a wide range of materials such as high-range water-reducing admixtures and silica fume have been made these days. It can be said there is high probability to obtain the production of ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) that can provide compressive strength up from 120 MPa to 185 MPa. Because of its remarkable improvement in durability, UHPFRC usage in concrete columns have increased lots of interest in the strengthening and retrofitting of concrete structures. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of cross-sectional shape properties of fire damaged concrete on the confinement of UHPFRC in which the key parameters relative to its performance are cross sectional area, aspect ratio, and side to corner radius ratio (B/r) of concrete. This study proposes to use UHPFRC as jacketing material for fire damaged concrete columns. However, its application for fire damaged concrete columns is very limited. Numerical study by Leonardi et al. (2010) found that UHPFRC has very promising potential for jacketing material for fire damaged square concrete columns, but experimental study is required for verification. Thereafter, thorough investigations were carried out in this paper in order to explore the confinement efficacy of UHPFRC jackets using various parameters as mentioned. In which, the investigated cross-sectional shape properties of concrete are critical factors in determining the successfulness of repair material used in rehabilitant of fire damaged reinforced concrete. Therefore, the results from this research can be used by engineers to predict the improvement made by UHPFRC confinement on fire damaged. It is believed that this research able to increase the human capital with the knowledge and expertise in strengthening work for fire damaged concrete structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deteriorating air quality and uncontrolled air pollution can affect climate change as well as human health. The Air Pollutant Index (API) has been used as an indicator to indicate the status of air quality. The objective of this study is to determine the level of air pollution based on the calculation of API as well as to identify clusters for air quality monitoring stations based on the concentration of air pollutants and API values. This study involved 10 air quality monitoring stations from the urban, sub-urban and industrial areas. The data used in this study are the daily concentration of air pollutants namely carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), fine particles (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) from January until December 2011. Median of the pollutant concentrations were used to represent the monthly API for each station. Urban areas had the highest percentage of moderate air quality levels compared to suburban and industrial areas. O3 was found to be the dominant pollutant in urban areas while PM10 is the dominant pollutant in suburban and industrial areas. Fuzzy k-medoid clustering (FKM) is one of the fuzzy clustering algorithms that has a cluster center known as the medoid and can produce soft clusters. The air quality monitoring stations are assigned to the clusters according to the membership degrees ranging in the interval [0,1] and the data points of the station can belong to more than one cluster at the same time with different membership degrees. The degree of memberships indicate the level of confidence that the data points are in a particular group. Two clusters were obtained in which cluster 1 is characterized as a cluster with higher pollutant concentrations and API values compared to cluster 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The telecommunications industry faced challenges with their datasets, primarily due to their high dimensionality and other issues such as imbalanced classes and missing values. These deficiencies led to inaccurate predictions and a decline in performance when the datasets were not handled properly. Due to the significant disparity in size between the churned customer class and the active customer class, the accuracy paradox arose. Consequently, despite the model's accuracy metrics reaching 90%, this level of performance aligned with the actual distribution of classes. In addition, the presence of numerous features significantly prolonged the time required for learning and computation. This was due to the inclusion of redundant and unnecessary features, which created disarray and hindered the learning process. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of feature selection, imputation data, and techniques for dealing with imbalanced data on model performance. This study proposed the improvement of the techniques for developing voluntary churn models by combining techniques for dealing with imbalance and missing data with high dimensionality. Thus, when compared to other combinations of models, the combination of Decision Trees+Mode Imputation+SMOTE with Random Undersampling methods and Random Forest as the classifier builder produced the highest classification accuracy, AUC, and F1-Score. Additionally, this study suggested the use of Dask or PySpark for processing the large telecommunication dataset to allow for the faster and more effective execution of other machine learning algorithms in Python via parallel computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employee turnover is a problem that affects every organization, whether in government or private sector. Employee attrition leads to high costs for any organization, especially in terms of training. In Royal Malaysia Police Force (PDRM), the optional retirement rate is higher compared to those that retire at retirement age. This study will focus on the factors that cause PDRM officers to choose optional retirement using Machine Learning (ML) techniques. In this study, k-prototype cluster analysis, Random Forest, and text analytics were performed for various analysis purposes. The results show that an officer's age is the primary motivator for electing optional retirement over mandatory retirement. Various health issues cause lower productivity and enthusiasm in performing tasks in their work. The work placement, the job ranks, the remainder service year, and the time period of the last promotion is among those identified crucial factors that contributed towards early retirement in PDRM. Since family concerns are frequently cited as a reason for retirees choosing early retirement, the work-life balanced in the police force profession was also noted as another early retirement factor. The findings of this study may assist PDRM in revamping the career in the police force so that the problem of high attrition rate can be curbed and also make the profession more attractive, hence attracting more people to join the police force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time series clustering is a data mining technique where it involves grouping of time series data into a few separate clusters. In this paper, a shape-based clustering is applied on time series of PM10 data collected from 60 air quality monitoring stations in Malaysia from 5th July 2017 to 31st December 2018 obtained from Malaysian Department of Environment. k-shape clustering method along with shape-based distance (SBD) were used to cluster the PM10 time series data. Air quality patterns were analysed from the clusters formed. The results show that the clusters formed using the method used are very well separated and mainly influenced by the region and geographical locations instead of the station's categories or man activities at the locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exchange rate instability poses a global economic challenge that impacts international trade and the overall economies of countries, affecting their human development as well. This paper proposes a method that clusters the exchange rate time series of countries and it's compared with the Human Development Index (HDI) categorization. By doing so, a deeper understanding of the relationship between currencies and development status can be gained. In this study, a fuzzy clustering framework was employed to group the time series of exchange rates for specific countries. A total of twenty-five currencies were chosen for analysis during the period from January 01, 2014, to December 31, 2018. Time series clustering was conducted based on the autocorrelation patterns of the time series. The fuzzy c-means approach was used to calculate the similarity between their autocorrelations. The analysis findings indicate the Autocorrelation-FCM approach demonstrated better cluster results compared with the FCM. Moreover, it was observed that the clustering of exchange rates significantly influenced the clustering of HDI. Based on these results, it is recommended that policymakers adopt a diverse range of policies to ensure stability in the exchange rate to foster human development. Such measures hold the potential to bring about significant changes and improvements in monetary policy across different nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis on finding patterns of household expenditures including the relationships between various household characteristics and family consumptions is important. This is because the behaviours of household expenditures affect economic developments and policy planning of a country. This paper explores characteristics of households with different levels of household expenditures to determine characteristics of consumers in Malaysia. Drawing from the Household Expenditure Survey (HES) done by the Department of Statistics Malaysia, the relationships between all variables in the household expenditure survey are extracted by using an association rules mining algorithm which is the Apriori algorithm. Association rules mining method is proposed in this study to gather hidden information in the survey since it is able to identify combinations of variables that occur concurrently in large dataset. The Apriori algorithm is chosen because it is simple and easy to execute. The study shows that there are significant relationships between the characteristics of a household with their total expenditures based on chi-squared test. Family size, education background and marital status are all important factors influencing household expenditures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Degradation models, which are a function of time, are frequently used in reliability analysis. This study uses a linear path degradation model in order to derive the failure time distribution and its percentiles based on parametric and semi-parametric methods. For the parametric technique, which is represented by the maximum likelihood estimator, the random effect parameter is followed the skew normal distribution to estimate the time to failure distribution. While for semi-parametric technique the skew normal distribution beside the classical kernel density function is considered to derive the time-to-failure distribution. The performance of these methods is compared by the criteria bias and mean squared error via a simulation study and unspecified data. In addition, GaAs laser degradation data is provided as an application of real data. Parametric method has a good performance than semi-parametric method under simulated and real data while under unspecified data the semi-parametric method is given a good performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is amongst communicable diseases which often occurs in outbreaks and up to now, there is no effective vaccine yet to be found. Finding ways to stop the transmission of HFMD has received a lot of interest due to its widespread nature and the morbidity and mortality it causes. Infected children who are not been isolated or quarantine can transmit the disease, as children are known to be physically active and impractical in complying to any intervention. In this study, Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Quarantine-Recovered (SEIQR) model for HFMD based on Malaysia data are examined. Number of cases in epidemic week are used to estimate parameter values for SEIQR model for the year 2014 to 2017. The results indicated that, quarantine rate is important to display the behaviour in halting the disease, where the value of quarantine rate is 0.522, highest in 2017, while for other years the value is found to be below 0.5. Even though the fraction of infectious individual being quarantine is quite high, about 0.8 for all those years, they do not indicate in higher quarantine rates and seems that the cases are still high. This condition may be due to parents not willing to quarantine their children due to work constraint. Most parents hesitate and act late to quarantine their children as they may have lack in knowledge and experience. Therefore, there is a possibility that the infected individual who was not being quarantine has contaminated the spaces and spread the HFMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce the concept of a pairwise locally paracompact and pairwise locally nearly paracompact spaces in bi-topological spaces if 푋=(푋, τ1, τ2) be a bi-topological space, and let i ≠ j, i,j = 1,2, then X is called τi-locally paracompact with respect to τ푗 if every point of X has a τ푖−open neighborhood whose τ푗−closure is pairwise paracompact. A bi-topological space 푋=(푋, τ1, τ2) is said to be pairwise locally paracompact if it is τi-locally paracompact with respect to τj, for every i≠j, i, j= 1,2. A space X is pairwise locally nearly paracompact if and only if each point x of 푋 has an P- open neighbourhood 푈 such that cl(U) (In τ1 표푟 τ2) is α-nearly pairwise paracompact. Then i study their properties and their relations with other topological spaces. Several examples are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduced a new iterative method for solving nonlinear equations using the derivative estimation technique for the third-order Taylor's approximation. A comparative analysis of the new iterative technique to existing methods that can also be derived from Taylor's approximation, such as Newton's method (NM), Halley's method (HM), and Gemechu's method (GM), is also provided. A few examples of nonlinear equations have been solved where the results presented that the new iterative method has fourth-order convergence and is more accurate as compared to the previous methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructed wetland systems (CWs) have been widely used for treating a variety of wastewater from different sources such as domestic, industrial, and agricultural. They also could offer a robust solution for wastewater treatment, especially within rural areas and small communities, due to their excellent efficiency in removing different pollutants and lower cost and operating requirements compared to conventional treatment systems. However, these successful systems implementation and sustainable operations remain challenging. Hence, it is necessary to provide a comprehensive review of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment for better understanding. This paper presents a summary of the constructed wetland definition and its classification. The design and operation parameters, and at last, the cost, was discussed. The overall outcome of this research is that constructed wetland systems could offer a robust solution for wastewater treatment, especially within rural areas and small communities. In addition, implementing this project on a broader scale could result in new water resources being used for irrigation and other usages. At last, this paper promotes conducting further research on wastewater treatment with pilot or full-scale constructed wetlands to reach a better understanding and conviction of its performance and function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few years, hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has become a notable public health issue, with a notable impact on the health of young children. While the disease is generally self-limiting, severe cases can lead to complications and, in rare instances, result in fatal outcomes. Given its contagious nature and the potential for rapid transmission, HFMD poses a considerable threat to child health, warranting a closer examination of parental attitudes and behaviors in response to the disease. This research aims to delve into the intricate relationship between HFMD transmission and parents' risk perception, health beliefs, and preventive behaviors since parents play a pivotal role in shaping the health outcomes of their children. The collection of data used a validated and reliable self-administered questionnaire designed to assess preventive practices related to HFMD. During the HFMD outbreak in Malaysia, between May and June 2018, surveys were administered to preschools in the Seberang Jaya district of Pulau Pinang. Using random sampling, 297 participants completed the questionnaires through an online survey platform. The findings indicated that 40.9% of parents exhibited a high level of risk perception regarding HFMD. Additionally, 38.55% of parents demonstrated a strong overall knowledge of HFMD symptom beliefs. Among the perception factors, perceived susceptibility had the highest mean (13.23), followed by perceived benefit (12.99), perceived barrier (11.75), and perceived severity (10.7). As a result, although the value was tiny, the Pearson correlation test revealed a positive association between knowledge and preventative practices (r =0.32, p =0.008) and knowledge-health belief (r =0.25, p =0.005). Additionally, the findings demonstrated a strong association (r =0.68, p =0.001) between preventative behaviour and health beliefs. In conclusion, increase level of risk perception leads to good practice in preventive behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The top priorities of hospitals are to provide a wide variety of medical treatments and ensure patients receive the best possible care. Within hospitals, the inpatient department is essential, as it provides continuous treatment for patients who require surgery or other forms of medical attention. To meet the growing demand for services, it is necessary for the inpatient department to realistically plan and project its resources. This is particularly relevant for the busy inpatient department of a public teaching hospital in Kelantan. The inpatient department is divided into four zones, each catering to different levels of patient care, Green Zone 1 and 2 are for non-critical patients, Yellow Zone is for semi-critical patients, and Red Zone is for critical patients. Therefore, precise allocation of resources is essential to improving patient flow and services. The study employs System Dynamics simulation to predict the number of inpatient admissions, nurses, and beds required for the next ten years. Results show that Green Zone 1 and 2 will require the addition of one bed every five years, while Yellow Zone and Red Zone will need additional beds every ten years. To improve patient flow, adding new nurses is crucial. Therefore, an additional nurse will be required every five years to meet the growing demand for services in Green Zone 1 and 2. Similarly, to cater to the increasing demand for services in Yellow Zone and Red Zone, an extra nurse will be necessary every eight years. The study's findings will aid the management in making informed decisions that will improve the quality of services and performance in the inpatient department, even within their budget constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reflect the dynamics of cholera, a fractional order differential equation model was created in this study. The model's fundamental reproduction number had been established along with equilibrium points. For the numerical simulations, the Laplace-Adomian decomposition method and the Differential transform method have been employed. The theoretical conclusions have been validated using numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the investigation of unsteady stagnation-point flow and heat transfer over an exponential stretching/shrinking sheet immersed in a hybrid nanofluid. Hybrid nanofluid is an engineered fluid and can enhance thermal conductivity and heat transfer efficiency and stagnation-point flow is important in designing heat exchangers. Hence, the heat exchange process such as in power generation, and refrigeration becomes more effective. This mathematical model applied the Tiwari and Das model where Al2O3 − Cu hybrid nanofluid is considered. The base fluid is water, and the shape of the nanoparticle is considered in sphere shape. The ordinary differential equations are solved using the bvp4c function in the Matlab program to obtain the skin friction coefficient, heat transfer rate as well as velocity and temperature profiles. This study provides some tables of the skin-fiction coefficients and heat transfer rate values for the validation with the previous study and new values for the future study. This study reveals that dual solutions exist for suction s > sc. The increase of copper nanoparticles expands the solution and increases the skin friction coefficient at the surface. Meanwhile, by considering the higher effect of the slip parameter, the findings show an increment in both skin friction coefficient and heat transfer rate at the surface. The heat transfer rate is seen increasing by considering the same value of nanoparticle Volume fraction for copper and alumina compared to the different values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is also known that the use of oils in internal combustion engines is used for the purpose of lubricating the moving parts of it, and oils also improve engine performance, cooling, preventing corrosion and cleaning, and adding to the engine oil other components that make it withstand high pressures. Oil has many properties, including the base number, in which it expresses an oil absorption scale for alkalis and thus works to neutralize acids, and in return there is another property, which is the acid number in which it expresses the scale of the degree of oil absorption of acidic substances. One of the important properties also in engines oils is the qualitative density of it and the flash point, and one of the most important properties in the oil is the viscosity as the oil viscosity must be high to the extent that it maintains the lubrication of the engine parts, and the relationship of the viscosity here is the amount of change with the temperature in the engines. It is noticeable: Each oil has a certain amount of use as it disintegrates and burns part of it as it becomes tainted with accurate particles arising from the friction of the moving parts, as a result of a decrease in his viscosity. So we invented a liquid substance extracted from natural solvents mixed with methanol that increases the properties of oil in terms of its specific density and a point of mud, specifically an increase in his viscosity, and the results have proven the effectiveness of this substance, its efficiency and quality, and its provision of money, and the material is known as (OVS), which is an Shortcut: Oil Viscosity Sart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, Malaysia and Indonesia are the biggest palm oil producer in the world. However, the oil extraction rate (OER) for palm oil mills in both countries is below the potential yield of palm oil fresh fruit bunch. The OER for palm oil mills in Malaysia is less than 21% for almost 40 years. Increment of the OER by 1% may contribute significantly to the world palm oil industries. In this study, a simple dry method was employed to increase the OER of the palm oil. The fresh fruit bunch (FFB) of palm oil tree was dried for 24 hours. The dried palm fruit was detached and the mesocarp was separated from the kernel using a knife. The oil from the sliced mesocarp was extracted using bench top screw press. The CPO obtained, later was characterized for free fatty acid content (FFA), moisture content, carotene and deterioration of bleach ability index (DOBI) number. The single FFB OER calculated in this study was 23.1%. All but the DOBI index were within the standard criteria of the CPO. In conclusion, this study showed that this dry method was able to increase the OER for palm oil mills. Furthermore, since steam was not in used, this method may reduce the carbon footprint and pollutant from palm oil industries in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study's primary goal is to identify the accumulation of heavy metals in the bones and tissues of Yellowtail Scads fish (Atule Mate) from two separate sites in the Kemaman region of Malaysia. Metals under study were (Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb and Cd). Before further examination, the fish bone and flesh were separated. The amount of moisture in both samples were assessed by a 24-hour drying procedure in an oven set to 105°C. Moisture content was determined to be between 70% and 77 percent water. After a three-hour digestion process in oven at 120°C, samples were examined for the presence of heavy metals using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) concentrations were the highest in the fish bone. The fish bone sample from Kijal had the highest readings of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn), which were 43.152 ppm and 130.237 ppm, respectively. Since lead (Pb) revealed high contamination, sieved banana peel (BP) was manufactured as a treatment method and employed as an adsorbent to remove lead. In order to determine the effectiveness of banana peel to accomplish enough removal, three separate parameters; adsorbent concentration, contact time, and pH were examined. The outcomes indicate that several parameters affect the adsorption process differently. For lead (Pb), the optimal conditions were 0.5g of adsorbent, 10 minutes of contact time, and a pH of 7 (neutral). Due to the characteristics of the metal ion and the selectivity of the adsorbent during the adsorption process, the maximum removal efficiency obtained under the aforementioned conditions was 96.67 percent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, the RSM method-based design of experiment with BBD was used to optimise the process parameters for dry reforming of methane over a 2.75 wt% Ni/3 wt% Mg/NaA Zeolite catalyst. Control parameters were the reaction temperature, catalyst weight, and inlet flow rate. As the experiment's response, the CH4 conversion, the product gas H2/CO ratio, and carbon production were examined. The metals Ni and Mg were added during the zeolite synthesis process, and the catalytic support NaA zeolite was made from local kaolin. The catalysts were evaluated catalytically in a packed bed reactor, and the carbon production was determined by gravimetry. The results demonstrated that the chosen parameter has a substantial impact on the response, particularly reaction temperature. Based on statistical research, the ideal parameters were an operating temperature 587.38 °C reaction temperature, 50 mg catalyst weight, and 15 ml/min input flow rate. Using the reduce cubic model, the 2.5 wt% Ni/3.0 wt% Mg-Zeolite for the DRM process may be described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the capacity to acquire knowledge while addressing complex problems through learning and problem-solving techniques. It is one of the promising technologies that has gained acceptance and become widespread in various fields. The medical sector can be regarded as an industry in which AI use has good potential. AI is transforming the medical sector by enabling doctors and researchers to analyse upon processing massive data amounts from certain medical field accurately and quickly. AI is used in numerous applications in the medical sector, and this paper aims to highlight some of its applications, including disease diagnosis, personalised treatment plans, drug discovery, medical imaging, and patient monitoring. In each section, we review how AI can contribute, followed by a discussion of future developments. Given the rapid development of AI, the efficiency and effectiveness of using AI in healthcare could be substantially improved through intelligent automation of various aspects of the medical sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study involves the introduction and recommendation of Anthocyanin as an acid-base indicator. The analytical data obtained so for shows that the test indicator is analytically comparable with those of reference phenolphthalein and methyl orange indicators. The indicator of reference shows colour transition change from red to blue-green with pKIn and pH transition range as 5.8±0.17 and 6 - 8 respectively. The absorbencies of the anthocyanin at different concentrations and λmax and pH were determined. The optical density of Anthocyanin solution (0.15% w/v) at various pH values ranging from 4.0 to 9.0 (with increments of 0.2), was measured and the isoesbestic point at 545 nm exhibited the two component showing the transition of quinonoid moiety (red colour in acidic condition) to pyran moiety (blue green colour in alkaline condition). The variance ratio test (F-test) application upon the volumetric data applying test indicator, and reference indicators showed no observable difference in the precisions of the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are the most widely renewable technologies used to generate power. In this paper, smart monitoring and fault detection on the off-grid solar system is proposed and designed to improve the solar PV system's operation more effectively. Environmental conditions, equipment interference, and changes in existing parameters normally cause problems in the system. A real-time monitoring system is required to monitor the performance of the solar PV system circuit. The internet of things (IoT) is used in this project to directly observe the energy in the system via an application platform. Also, this paper discussed solar PV system faults detection based on the difference in voltage and current values measured during usual and unusual periods based on parameters value. This project will reduce the time and effect in searching for faults in the solar system. The results show several categories, including open circuits and short circuits, are classified as faults in this system. In general, the fault detection system and smart power utilization using IoT monitoring for the photovoltaic system is the focus of this project's development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the interaction between a pedestrian and autonomous vehicle during crossing the zebra lane by using inference statistical analysis. In this study, a video-based experiment was carried out at the university campus. On a straight road, two Perodua Myvi were utilized to test vehicle behaviour (yielding, non-yielding), driving style (assertive, defensive), and vehicle appearances (autonomous, manual) over distances of 100 m, 75 m, 50 m, and 25 m. The driver is dressed in a suit that hides the driver to signify that the driver is invisible to the pedestrian. Sixty-six (66) individuals were shown either manually or automatically operating the vehicle. Participants were asked to rate their decision to cross the road when the vehicle approached at the pre-defined distances. According to the findings, the vehicle's driving style and appearance has no substantial impact on participants' willingness to cross the zebra lane. For both automated and manually driven vehicles, the vehicle's behaviour had a considerable impact on pedestrians' willingness to cross a road. There was also no statistically significant (p>0.05) three-way interaction between vehicle behaviour, driving style, and vehicle appearance. There was no statistically significant (p>0.05) simple two-way interaction between vehicle behaviour and driving style. Finally, the experiment's limitations were reviewed, followed by recommendations for future study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This concept paper explores the challenges faced by employees from various industries as the world faces the COVID-19 pandemic at this point. The current situation finds that employees cannot go out to work face to face or are not allowed to come to the office physically as usual as a result of this COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Furthermore, all citizens from almost all countries are involved in the implementation of the movement control order (MCO). However, jobs that involve day-to-day operations in the organisation still need to carry out their activities as usual for the sake of the survival of their respective organisations. Thus, there are various online platforms that are used to enable activities in the organisation to continue in the interest of stakeholders. To continue daily work activities there are several online platforms that are often used as communication media in organisations such as 'Google Meet', 'Google Classroom', 'Zoom', 'Webex', 'Microsoft Team' and 'Skype'. When the COVID-19 pandemic situation was announced to have subsided, there were organisations that adopted hybrid methods where online and face-to-face communication media were practiced for the purpose of discussions and meetings. This concept paper aims to identify the challenges faced by employees throughout working from home (WFH) when faced with this COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers have proposed three (3) recommendations in facing employee challenges throughout WFH with reference to Sociotechnical Systems Theory (STS) and Motivation-Hygiene Theory based on reference highlights of papers reviewed from 15 journals in previous studies. The results of this study can contribute to knowledge and in addition to the highlights of the work for this topic, especially to employers and employees who practice the concept of WFH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the open-cell aluminium (Al) foam was fabricated through the melting route, utilizing vacuum casting. The different contents of fly ash particles were homogeneously added into the melt for the alloy reinforcement. The < 5 mm silica gel (SiO2) particles were filled into the mold cavity for the space holder during the foam casting. Afterward, the compressive test was performed on the foam samples by utilizing a universal testing machine under a constant strain rate of 1 mm/min. The addition of a higher amount of fly ash particles shifted the yield strength into a greater value. In parallel, the elastic modulus was also higher when more fly ash content is used in Al foam reinforcement. On the other hand, the maximum strength at 60 % strain decreased after 2.5 % fly ash addition and subsequently rose by further content of reinforcement. These phenomena are strongly related to the porosity and microstructural state of the fabricated foam formed after SiO2 removal. The results indicate that adding a certain amount of fly ash can modify the compressive properties of Al foam by acting as dispersive strengthening particles and withstand the cellular structure from early deformation during loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, photocatalysis, when paired with a variety of different photocatalysts, has emerged as a potentially useful alternative to the traditional therapy of POMSE. However, the majority of photocatalysts that are used are made of materials that cannot be recycled or reused, which severely restricts their applicability in an industrial setting. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the performance of ZnO-clay reusability to treat POMSE by the use of a membrane photocatalytic reactor (MPR) by removing turbidity and reducing colour, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biological oxygen demand (BOD) for each reuse cycle. Infrared spectroscopy with a Fourier transform (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were both utilised in the process of characterising the photocatalyst. According to the results of the characterisation, the structure of the ZnO-clay was that of a hexagonal wurtzite. Analysis conducted with FTIR equipment revealed that ZnO-clay contains a number of significant chemical linkages as well. The effectiveness of ZnO's reusability in removing COD and colour was better up to the third cycle, when it began to decline. After that, however, it showed improved performance until the fourth cycle. The amount of turbidity that was removed appeared to be on the rise, although a significant amount of BOD was removed in both the first and the second cycle. This demonstrates that the use of ZnO-clay in industrial settings for the photocatalytic treatment of POMSE is possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For making an aluminium (Al) foam through the melting route, a pressurized process such as vacuum casting is considered a potential technique due to its feasibility to flow the melt through a narrow area in a short time. In this work, cylindrical Al foam was cast using spherical silica gel (SiO2) particles as the space holder. After the SiO2 particles were loaded inside the cavity, the mold was then pre-heated under different temperatures (80, 100, and 120 °C). Afterward, Al melt was poured onto the basin and subsequently filled the cavity under the vacuum pressure of -20 inHg and the foam was released after it was solidified. Before moving into the compressive test, the SiO2 particles were dissolved into the solvent and weighed to measure the porosity. Although showing the higher porosity, the compressive test revealed that the lower mold temperature resulted in higher maximum compressive strength and elastic modulus of 18.38 MPa and 1.55 GPa at the strain limit of 60%. It implied that the microstructure played an important role to characterize the compressive properties of the open-cell Al foam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid sloshing can be briefly defined is the irregular back and forth oscillation of fluid inside a partially filled container under periodic excitation in variety of direction. According to the pioneer, liquid sloshing is a dominant class of issue with underlying potential ramifications for the safety of liquid transportation systems. Therefore, the investigation on the waveform pattern generated by the liquid sloshing inside container is vital in order to minimize the undesired accident. The objective of this study is to develop a sloshing effect through the downscale container for the investigation of sloshing amplitude by utilization of water level sensor and Gaynes 400V transportation simulator. The circuit combinations with coding were tested and improved through diverse iterations. The ASTM D999-2015 Standard Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers served as the foundation for the design of the entire downscale sloshing experiment. The data collected by water lever sensor circuit were plotted. The results show that the 4 water level sensors indicated that all sensor have a sine wave pattern and was sinusoidal. The sloshing amplitude decay over time due to the damping effect. The corresponding potential and kinetic energy inside the container were stated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dusun Limbungan is one of the hamlets located in Perigi Village, Suela District, East Lombok and has local wisdom such as traditional houses, Awiq-awiq, traditional beliefs, and ancestral advice. The local wisdom can help preserve natural resources and the environment where the people live and the protected forest around the Limbungan Hamlet. The research objective was to find out the local wisdom that exists in the Limbungan Hamlet and community perception for conservation. The research method using qualitative research with interview technique and sample of informants was taken by accidental sampling method. The existence of local wisdom, such as Awiq-awiq in the Limbungan community helps maintain the condition of the protected forest around the Limbungan Hamlet. Awiq-awiq is a rule that applies and is trusted by the people of Limbungan Hamlet which can specifically protect and conserve natural resources and the environment in Limbungan Hamlet. The Limbungan Hamlet also still has protected forest which is still protected and managed by the community through Awiq-awiq. In addition, the traditional houses still exist and have even increased. The local wisdom in Limbungan Hamlet is one way to protect and conserve natural resources and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The soybean processing industry by-products such as tofu cake, soy sauce cake and soya husk can be used as feed resources for ruminants. These feeds stuff have diverse quality, both in terms of chemical and biological values. This study was conducted to determine the benefits of mixed rations containing these three types of ingredients. In vitro rumen fermentation test had been carried out for 24 hours according to the Menke procedure. The treatments consisted of: 60% forage + 40% concentrate (R0), 20% concentrate + 20% tofu cake (R1), 20% concentrate + 20% soy sauce cake (R2), 20% concentrate + 20% soya husk (R3), 10% concentrate + 30% tofu cake (R4), 10% concentrate + 30% soy sauce cake (R5), 10% concentrate + 30% soya husk (R6). Data were analyzed using variance analysis followed by Duncan's multiple range test. This study showed that commercial concentrate with all types of soybean by-product supplementation (R1-R6) had no significant effect on pH. The R1-R6 treatments could influence (p<0,05) the total gas production and SCFA. The treatments of R4, R2 and R5 produced lower methane gas compared to R0. It can be concluded that substituting 30% commercial concentrate using soybean by-products does not interfere with rumen fermentation in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental disease is the first complaint of 10 major diseases in Indonesia. Almost the entire population of Indonesia has dental and oral health problems. Delay in early detection of dental and oral health problems can result in loss of productivity, longer duration of treatment, loss of teeth, higher costs, complications with other organs, which can lead to death due to cancer. We propose the invention concerns wireless oral image recording instruments and identification methods thereof. Several existing inventions do not yet have the following features including wireless connection, object detection, and prediction of oral and dental diseases that integrate the knowledge of clinical experts using the application. The purpose of this invention was to add to the features mentioned above by using Artificial Intelligence of Medical Things (AIoMT) concept, designing object detection based on deep learning (DL) algorithms, and integrating prediction systems high performance using collaborative datasets. This invention integrated intraoral image recording hardware in the Intraoral Camera Unit (ICU) with software in the Display Processing Unit (DPU) which produces visualization of predicted results, and a webserver unit as a data collection unit and image classifier according to the validated disease interpretation. The integration of these three units can then be used by medical scholars, researchers and medical practitioners to strengthen the reliability of the interpretation process, especially related to oral diseases using an integrated digital dental support system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical imaging is an essential element in healthcare, especially for the early diagnosis and treatment of illnesses, including breast cancer. Breast cancer is an illness with a high mortality rate that mostly affects women worldwide. Currently, histopathology image analysis is one of the rising research areas in cancer diagnosis. With digital images, the demand for more accurate and visually pleasing images increases. However, the nature of images is normally degraded by noise which may affect image quality. Nowadays, image denoising has become a common practice in image processing tasks to preserve the quality of images for imaging analysis. Therefore, this study compares the performance of several image denoising methods for histopathology images. The BreakHis dataset is used in this study, which consists of 7909 histopathology images from 82 patients in Parana, Brazil. This study compares several denoising methods such as Gaussian smoothing, anisotropic diffusion, wavelet transform and shearlet transform, when standardized noise was presented on the histopathology images. The performance of denoising methods was examined based on the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Mean Squared Error (MSE). The results showed that the shearlet provides more efficient performance in denoising the histopathology images than other methods. Shearlets provide an optimally sparse representation of 2D images with multiresolution and multiscale properties. It can be concluded that the shearlet is the best image denoising method for breast cancer histopathology images. The research findings are expected to facilitate the researchers or radiologists in image processing tasks to obtain high-quality images prior to classifying images into benign or malignant tumours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]