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The local feed ingredients in the form of fishery wastes which are widely available in the Riau Islands Province include Shrimp heads and Small sea fish or Rucah fish. This study aims to determine the effect using of both types of fisheries wastes on the production and quality of duck eggs. The study was carried out in the Dompak Village, Mitra Bestari District, Tanjungpinang City, from September to November 2022, using three feed treatments with five replications. The feed treatments used were: a) Control feed (T0), b) Feed containing 22.5% Shrimp heads flour and 11% Rucah fish (T1), and c) Feed containing 11% Shrimp heads flour and 22.5% Rucah fish (T2). The parameters observed were egg production, egg weight, egg width, egg length, and egg index. Research data on egg production and weight were analyzed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), and a descriptive test for the egg index. It was found that the addition of Shrimp heads flour and Rucah fish in the Mojosari duck feed ration did not have any significant effects on the daily egg production and egg qualities. It is recommended to give Shrimp heads flour or Rucah fish at the level between 11.00-22.50% in the ration of the laying duck. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of microelectronics has led to smaller appliances. These appliances can now be fed from energy recovered by an energy harvester. The piezoelectric harvester can be utilized to convert vibrations into electricity. Thus, when raindrops have an impact on the surface of a piezoelectric beam, the stress energy generated by the penetrating raindrop will be converted into harvestable electrical energy. Most of the studies were performed by simulating rain droplets using laboratory devices that are not completely accurate with respect to the actual rain situation. The novelty of this study is to examine the energy produced in the actual rainfall where the intensity of the rain is contemplated. This study examined the power collection performance of rainwater using a piezoelectric sensor in Jerteh, Terengganu. The voltages generated by the raindrops were measured using an Arduino UNO microcontroller, and an ad-hoc circuit was constructed to improve the result obtained from the raindrops. The study analysed three different timelines at the peak and at the end of the rainfall event in May 2021. The result showed that the maximum voltages of 2.68V, 3.96V and 3.35V were produced by raindrops over the three timelines. Hence, the accumulated energy could be reported at 0.12 μJ, 1.9 μJ, and 0.22 μJ, respectively. The results of this study indicate that utilising this strategy, the quantity of energy created by actual rainfall is minimal. However, it is still advantageous for supplying energy to low-power micro electron devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetorheological (MR) grease is one of the smart materials that owing excellent properties that can be altered and changed significantly with the presence of a magnetic field. However, thermal stability of MR grease is one of the crucial issues that restricted the efficiency of MR grease in MR applications since the induced heat to the material would affect the resultant properties of the material. In this study, the thermal behavior of MR grease with 1wt.% of cobalt-ferrite (CoFe2O4) were analyzed. The CoFe2O4 particles was synthesized via co-precipitation method. The synthesized particles were characterized in terms of morphological by using field Emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and magnetic properties by Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). Then, the synthesized particles were mixed with grease and carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) by using a mechanical stirrer. The thermal properties of the MR grease samples in terms of conductivity were tested by using KD2Pro. Additionally, rheometer was used to examine the MR effect of MR grease under magnetic field sweep at different applied temperatures. The results showed that the synthesized particles formed in polygonal shape with 68.9 emu/g meanwhile CIPs are in spherical shape with 125 emu/g of magnetic saturation, Ms. Moreover, the thermal conductivity of MR grease increased as the temperature increased, particularly with presence of CoFe2O4 due to the Brownian motion by 178.69%, at 65°C. The storage modulus of the MR grease samples also showed an increasing trend with the addition of CoFe2O4 and with the magnetic field intensity increased, although the induced temperature also increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, silicon carbide (SiC) is introduced as a reinforcing additive of magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) to be added in silicone rubber matrix and carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) as their filler. The CIPs were set at 70% by weight, and two types of MRE samples were produced based on with/out plasticized matrix. The hardness of the MRE samples was determined using a Durometer Shore A. The rheological test of MRE samples in terms of storage modulus was investigated using a rheometer during a magnetic field sweep. The results showed that the hardness of the MRE with SiC was reduced by 13% in plasticized MRE. Interestingly, plasticized MRE with SiC produced a 284% MR effect compared to a 69% MR effect in a non-plasticized matrix. As a result, the incorporation of SiC in plasticized MRE has been shown to resolve the aligning issues in anisotropic MRE that degrade the performance of MRE application devices and systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, one of the most popular cryptocurrency assets that has attracted the interest of many investors is Bitcoin. Due to its increasing popularity and high price volatility, forecasting Bitcoin price has become a central concern in financial market analysis. We use machine learning techniques and SHAP (SHapley Additive Explanation) interaction values to improve our forecasting accuracy. The historical dataset used for this study includes various variables such as opening price, closing price, trading volume, and other factors. In this study, four different machine learning models are used to forecast the price of Bitcoin. The machine learning models used are XGBoost, CatBoost, Random Forest, and LightGBM. After the models are trained and tested for performance by evaluating metrics and visually analyzing historical data, the four models generate different price forecasting. To understand the contribution of each feature in the forecasting of Bitcoin, the SHAP (SHapley Additive Explanation) interaction value is employed. The SHAP value provides valuable insights into the extent of influence each attribute or variable has on the forecasting. The results show that utilizing machine learning methods and SHAP interactions can provide an overview of the importance of the relationship between existing features and how much influence each attribute has on the movement of cryptocurrencies, especially Bitcoin. Therefore, this can provide a more transparent picture and insight for market participants to make better investment decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of digital-based education, the learning process is officially in the AI era. Given recent advances in generative AI, this research seeks to investigate how users of language modelling platforms (Monica Bot) use and utilise this tool to develop design problems (DP) for pre-service teachers and how design thinking can work together. This implies that, today, design thinking can be more practical with the help of AI. Using an interview guide and an adapted Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) questionnaire, this study used an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach to collect data. The research population was 207 teachers of professional education (PPG), and 32 pre-service teachers were the sample in this study who were selected using purposive techniques and participated in AI and an online survey, with seven pre-service teachers attending follow-up interviews. Quantitative analysis provides a statistical explanation for the implementation of AI bot technology by teacher professional education (PPG) as perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, intention to use, actual use, and design problem. The interview data revealed three main themes: (1) how students' ideas about how easy Monica Bot is to use changed as they used it; (2) how students' desire to use grows as they learn more about AI-Bot's strengths and weaknesses; and (3) how students actually use AI-Bots for design thinking, which means using them as design partners. How pre-service teachers engage in innovative DT activities while navigating the opportunities and limitations of advanced AI systems can be better understood when quantitative and qualitative data are correlated. This study offers implications for future classroom practice and research by understanding these activities, thereby paying attention to attitudes and adding to the existing body of knowledge about the theoretical foundations of design thinking and education using design thinking and computational thinking and the practices that shape AI literacy for addressing design problems (DP). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to improve educational practices in higher education by investigating the social dynamics governing user behaviour in the digital humanities domain with the use of AI. We set out to analyses various aspects of user engagement and interaction in this dynamic digital domain against the backdrop of the current educational landscape. This study applies a sociological perspective to learn more about the complex networks of interactions created and transformed by user actions in academic institutions and contributes to providing differentiated knowledge about the dynamics of change in teaching practices by drawing attention to the convergence of technology, the social and technological aspects, and the educational landscape using advanced AI methods. The results of this research recommend strategies for improving educational practices with AI practices for classroom implications, using AI-enabled resources to investigate how different cultures have shaped educational experiences. One such resource is an online classroom that considers students' cultural backgrounds and uses artificial intelligence algorithms to tailor lessons to each individual's needs. Students test the influence of cultural variables on pedagogical practices through AI-powered simulations. In addition, learning Pancasila and citizenship education supported by AI provide access to knowledge, learning experiences, and a productive learning culture. Implementation of artificial intelligence and virtual reality experiences takes pre-service teachers on a captivating adventure and ensures that educational materials are a more realistic representation, improving critical thinking skills, creative thinking, and the skilled design of smart learning classroom culture through AI collaborative projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every form of intelligence relies on learning, but artificial intelligence seeks to understand how computers learn, while human intelligence seeks to understand how humans learn. The growing importance of computational thinking has brought these two efforts closer together. Students view various images as they use artificial intelligence (AI) in computer and technology-based activities in English class. This activity requires computational thinking (CT) and computational participation (CP) for EFL language skills, but the relationship between the three is still under research. Moreover, the role of CT and CP activities in shaping this important language acquisition process has received little research attention. This survey explores these relationships and highlights the importance of the cognitive, contextual, and critical framework of computational thinking outlined. This study highlights three things: (1) Computational thinking alone is not enough; rather, it requires active participation in the learning process. (2) The use of digital artifacts alone is not enough; it requires computational participation. (3) Learning EFL is not enough to use AI. The novelty of our research shows the impact of CP and CP activities packaged in the ROCKER teaching model (real-time, optimized, and personal learning paths; collaborative projects; knowledge enrichment; enhanced; and real-world) on an increase in EFL language learning outcomes. The survey analysis results show that there is a statistically significant relationship between students' computational thinking and computing participation. However, it is worth mentioning that the relationship between CT and CP on learning outcomes is considered weak. This suggests that there are other elements that should be investigated in future research within the same framework, and that improving learning outcomes does not depend only on CT and CP. This highlights the importance of looking beyond CT and CP to identify all factors that influence educational attainment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of research on alternative energy sources is how energy sources are produced and how the energy is stored. Power generated by energy sources must be able to have the ability to enter existing energy storage devices. This study aims to analyze the ability to charge voltage from a seawater galvanic cell energy source to a 5 volt 4000 mAh lithium polymer power bank and a 2.4 volt 900 mAh NiCD rechargeable battery. Galvanized cells were made in a series of as many as 20 cells using copper electrodes coated with silver as cathode and zinc as the anode. Real-time voltage and current acquisition system using Arduino-based INA219 sensor. The result of the research is that the charging voltage on the power bank can reach 25% with an average power of 40.09 mW, and the charging voltage on the rechargeable battery can be optimal at 2.61 volts, with an average power of 32,8 mW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caspase is a cysteine protease involved in inflammatory signaling as well as cell death (apoptosis) programs. Cell proliferation and even cancer cell metastasis can be triggered by reduced caspase-8 activity. The goal of this study was to use molecular docking to identify the interaction of the Zn(II) prolineditiocarbamate complex with caspase-8. The three-dimensional structure of the Zn(II)prolinedithiocarbamate complex was predicted using canonical SMILE with the Cheminfo online tool (O=C(O)C1CCCN1C2S[Zn]S2) and modeled using online corina. To evaluate its potential anticancer action, the complex compound's structure interacted with the protein caspase-8. The protein's 3D structure was retrieved using the ID 1QDU from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) database. The interaction of the Zn(II)Prolineditiocarbamate complex with caspase-8 was discovered via molecular docking at amino acid residues GLU324, THR393, GLN388, THR262, PHE327, and LEU329. The hydrogen and hydrophobic bond seen in Zn(II)prolinedithiocarbamate - Caspase-8 has a bond energy of – 209 kJ/mol. The Zn(II)Prolineditiocarbamate complex could be a potential anticancer drug, according on molecular docking data. However, more research is needed to figure out how the Zn(II)Prolineditiocarbamate complex works against cancer cell target proteins. Zn(II)prolinedithiocarbamate compounds inhibit corona virus infection by inhibiting the binding of ACE-2 receptors with spike glycoproteins and main proteases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Planning a tourism trip requires careful consideration, especially the travelling time, budget, and personal interests. As the number of places to visit increases, planning and prioritizing a trip effectively can be challenging. This problem is known as Tourist Trip Design Problem (TTDP). This study aims to solve TTDP that prioritizes user preference and Points of Interest (POIs) attraction popularity. The integer problem formulation of TTDP consists of a single objective function which is to maximize the benefit without exceeding the budget and allocation time. The benefit is optimizing the number of points of interest (POIs) to visit while satisfying all the constraints. A greedy algorithm is proposed that is able to consider user preference and POIs popularity. To minimize the distance traveled between POIs, the algorithm is improved by incorporating the Clarke-Wright Saving algorithm. The performance of the enhanced algorithm is tested on 37 POIs in Langkawi Island, Malaysia. In addition, the operating hours and touring time of POIs were also considered. The start node is fixed at Jetty Point and the tourist is assumed to spend at least one night there. The enhanced algorithm is coded in Matlab and results shows that a maximum of 6 POIs can be visited in a one-day trip. An insight into the itinerary's carbon footprint is also presented, taking into account the use of medium-sized cars by tourists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system combines conventional PV systems with solar thermal collectors to produce both thermal and electrical energy. Nowadays, experts are still working to increase PVT systems' electrical and thermal efficiency. By contrasting the types of solar panels installed in the system, this research seeks to evaluate the efficiencies generated by the PVT system. This work summarizes and compares various PVT systems from various sources, both air-based and water-based, and then categorizes the sample into two major modules: monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon. Both module types were analyzed by their electricity efficiency and thermal efficiency. The results of the comparison are delivered into the graph of efficiency range which exploits the relationship between the types of solar modules used in the PVT system and the efficiency in terms of percentages. It was discovered that the best electrical efficiency for PVT systems was acquired by employing polycrystalline silicon solar modules at 15.5%. Moreover, another finding showed that a polycrystalline solar module used in a PVT system with nanofluid cooling might generate an optimum thermal efficiency of 81.5%. These results demonstrate that the electrical and thermal efficiency of PVT systems can be increased by using polycrystalline solar panels and nanofluid cooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world's largest country with an archipelago is Indonesia. It covers 3,977 miles from Sabang to Merauke and is made up of 17,499 large and small islands, covering an area of roughly 7,810,000 km2. Geographically, Indonesia is situated on the equator, where solar energy can be acquired all year long and where the potential for solar energy reaches 4.8 kWh/m2. As a result, the usage of photovoltaic (PV) technology will increase quickly in the future to address issues with energy shortages. However, PV is intermittent, only produces electricity during the day, and is affected by environmental factors such as temperature and solar radiation. In this paper, research will be conducted on site reviews at several points in Indonesia that require a cooling system on PV panels which aims to increase the efficiency of PV power output. The results showed that the surface temperature of the PV module at all sample points was higher than the normal operating cell temperature of 47.5 °C. Range delta temperature in the territory of Indonesia ranges from 3.52 to 5.87 °C. The cooling system A (CSA) technique is a simple PV module cooling system that can only cover the ternate area, while CSC, CSD and CSE can cover all selected areas in Indonesia. The PV efficiency is due to the increase in the surface temperature of the PV module of 51.23 °C but in a decrease in efficiency of up to 12.72%. While the surface temperature of 51.02 °C in a decrease in efficiency of 12.62%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an alternative to using very low head micro hydro power plant technology, vortex turbine technology can operate at a reasonably low head, which is about 1 m, with a flow rate that is also not too large, which is less than 1 m3/s to about 5 m3/s. This condition is one of the advantages of the vortex turbine, which can generate electrical energy that is useful for rural areas with the potential for small river water or irrigation canals with not too high head and not too large water discharge. However, the efficiency of vortex turbines tends to be lower than other types of turbines. Therefore, it is necessary to review the performance improvement of the vortex turbine. This paper reviews an improvement of vortex turbine performance through turbine blades, circulation tanks/basins, and computational fluid dynamics analysis. The discussion of the turbine blades includes setting the number of turbine blades, the shape and installation of the turbine blades, the use of blade materials, the addition of baffles on the blades, and the use of multistage blades. Furthermore, the discussion is carried out on the shape of the circulation tank/basin and outlet hole, and the flow analysis through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A proper earthing scheme is an essential part of any electrical system. Improper earthing systems can lead to equipment damage, flashovers and overvoltages. power surges and discharges. Grounding uses earth as the return conductor in case of a fault. This helps identify errors Earthing ensures system stability and prompt identification and clearing of faults. Earthing techniques can be categorized as follows Direct earthing, Indirect earthing, Isolated. In this paper, variations of the type of transformer earthing on the Terco Simulator Power System were tested and simulated with ETAP (Electric Transient Analysis Program). The result show that different transformer earthing models produce different currents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population growth and improvements in people's lifestyles encourage increased consumption of electrical energy. Fossil energy as a fuel for providing electricity has very limited availability so a transition to renewable energy is needed. One area that can be an alternative to renewable energy is the Puri Indah Permai residence in South Sulawesi with quite good sun intensity and wind speed. This research aims to find out the amount of electrical energy that can be produced from a hybrid power plant at the Puri Indah Permai housing complex, to find out the amount of costs required to produce each kWh of electricity, to find out the comparison of production costs from the hybrid power plant at the Puri Indah Permai residence to the tariff. basic electricity PT. PLN and to find out the investment costs for a hybrid power plant in the Puri Indah Permai housing complex. This research uses simulations using Homer software version 3.14.2. It can be concluded that the electrical energy that can be produced on a land area of 100,000 m2 for scenario 1 is 1,574,030 kWh/yr and for scenario 2 is 1,328,351 kWh/yr., the energy production cost for each kWh of electricity is Rp. 3600 for scenario 1 and scenario 2 of Rp. 1356. The comparison of hybrid energy production with PLN's basic electricity tariff is 1:2.66 for scenario 1 and scenario 2 is 1:1.13. The investment cost for this power generation system for scenario 1 is Rp. 7.54 billion and scenario 2 amounting to Rp. 24.10 billion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important things about the layout of the factory is the time, cost, and distance to move materials. The layout of production facilities determines the efficiency of the production process in the long run. The aim of the research is to minimize the distance by making a new production facility layout and building a production simulation model to find out how much change in output and the average production process will occur with the proposed new facility layout. The development of the manufacturing industry has an impact on company competition which is quite tight. Therefore, a strategy is needed from all aspects including product, process and schedule aspects. Industrial problems not only concern how much investment, production procedures and marketing of production results but also require facility planning which includes planning the placement of production facilities. The research objectives are (1) to plan the most appropriate facility layout to produce an optimal production process, namely maximum capacity and minimum processing lead time; (2) to model and simulate the production line so that even machine utilization is obtained at all existing work stations. The research stages consist of literature study, data collection. and then create a model that can be simulated using the Extend V6 application. Data collection includes company profile data, production capacity, land area, production process and machines used. Making process includes creating a model including concept design, selecting a layout concept, creating a layout, and finally creating production modeling and simulation using Extend V6 software. From this research, several alternative layout models have been produced to obtain even machine utilization at work stations and a simulator model has been obtained to produce an optimal production process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One method of making coconut oil is the dry method by pressing copra. The pressing process is the final process of making coconut oil from copra material in the copra processing process. The long-term goal of this research is to improve the quality of copra produced by smallholders on an ongoing basis to meet the export copra quality standards (SNI 01-3946-1995). The specific target of this research is optimizing the copra pressing process by designing, manufacturing and implementing household scale copra pressing machines (micro business) so that coconut farmers can process copra to produce coconut oil, which of course the selling price will be higher (44.96%) than selling copra directly. The program implementation phase begins with designing the pressing machine in the PNUP mechanic workshop, followed by field testing to see how effective and efficient this machine is. Based on ANOVA, the null hypothesis states that with the same input, the screw press will produce the same results. Because the obtained Fcount (0.000241) is smaller than Ftable (9.552094), it can be concluded that H0 is accepted, namely that the three experiments carried out are the same (not significantly different), which means that this screw press machine has produced consistent results. The output of this activity was the availability of a product in the form of a copra screw press machine unit that can be used to process copra into coconut oil and is equipped with a manual for the design, manufacture, operation and maintenance of tools as part of the product produced. From the test results, this screw press machine can produce consistent results even though the volume produced varies from 88 grams/10 minutes to 91 grams/10 minutes or an average of around 600 ml/hour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to design a monitoring system using a LoRa-based mesh network to monitor electrical load at distribution substations and analyze network performance based on RSSI, SNR, PDR, and delay time. To analyze the system's overall functionality, a black box testing method is utilized. The performance of the LoRa network is assessed by collecting data from transmission tests conducted on node devices and coordinators, and then comparing the RSSI, SNR, PDR, and delay time obtained at different measurement points. Data transmission tests are conducted under Line-of-Sight (LOS) and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) conditions, with both single-hop and multi-hop communications, at antenna heights of 1 m, 3 m, and 5 m. The results reveal that the maximum communication range between coordinator and node achievable under LOS conditions is 750 m, while under NLOS conditions, it reaches 250 m. The highest RSSI value obtained is-21 dBm, and the lowest is-129 dBm. The highest SNR value achieved is 10 dB, and the lowest is-8 dB. The PDR obtained is 100% at a distance of 450 m under LOS conditions and 250 m under NLOS conditions. The delay times for single-hop, 2-hop, and 3-hop communications in normal conditions are 233 ms, 465 ms, and 698 ms, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The availability of electricity is very important to meet people's basic needs. Including island communities and remote areas. In September 2020, the South Sulawesi government stated that electricity was one of the triggers for investors to be interested in investing. Tanakeke Island is an agrotourism island area that does not yet have electricity supply but is rich in marine biota, especially turtles. Turtles are one of the marine biota that are conserved and cultivated to ensure their survival. Hatching turtle eggs is not easy, considering that there are criteria that must be met in determining the quality of temperature and humidity of hatching turtle eggs. The ideal temperature for hatching turtle eggs is around 24°C to 32°C with humidity around 68%RH. This research aims to design and manufacture a Mini Gasebo Smart System using photovoltaic as alternative electrical energy in island areas. This system is integrated with a turtle egg hatching system which is controlled using a microcontroller connected to the internet and uses Firebase as a database and Android platform to display the controlled variables. This mini gassebo system for hatching turtle eggs can become an agrotourism system for Tanakeke Island for turtle conservation. The turtle hatching room is designed to be a unique transparent table that allows you to see the condition of the turtle eggs. The system can control ideal air temperature and humidity via an Android application in real time and displays a history of previously measured temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As of right now, the Malaysian rugby union team is ranked fourth best in all of Asia. Research on the coaching competency procedure in Malaysian high-performance rugby coaches. Malaysian Rugby hand-picks each competitor across three divisions: men's 7s, women's 7s, and men's 15s. Qualitative methods, such as in-depth, semi-structured interviews with free-form questions, are being employed. The interview is to gather rich and onfield information regarding coaching competency process during team high-performance preparation. Data collected from open coding, axial coding and thematic analysis will be use to understand the need on preparing the best national players for Malaysia. Standard coaching competency process should be applied on every player in Malaysia to generate understanding between all local players before entering the Malaysians national selection camp. This study helps all future national coaches understanding application on coaching competency during high-performance team preparation for rugby environment in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, cases of fatal traffic accidents involving inebriated drivers have been often reported in the news. This issue has not only endangered the safety of drivers but also other road users. Drunk driving has been listed as one of the leading factors in fatal car accidents. To overcome this problem, drunk driving detectors have the potential to be explored to reduce the rate of road accidents. In this study, a drunk driving detection device was introduced using a microcontroller embedded into the vehicle starting system. Alcohol sensors were used in this study to detect alcohol levels in human breath. The device will detect the level of alcohol in the breath. When the alcohol concentration is detected more 50 milligrams per 100 millimeters in blood, the vehicle's starting system is disabled so that the vehicle cannot be started. Consequently, the driver's window will slide down automatically by 20 mm for the purpose of vehicle cabin ventilation. By using this system, road accidents caused by drunk drivers can be reduced. In addition, a driver who is intoxicated can rest in the car cabin until he wakes up from the state of intoxication without drowning in the vehicle cabin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measurement of zodiacal light and astronomical twilight in the equatorial region is still an interesting topic, both from a physical aspect and from an application aspect in determining morning prayer time. Actually, there have been many observations made by observers throughout Indonesia. However, there are still many observations that do not pay attention to the interference of light pollution or ignore it. In the early hours of July 29, 2022, the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs Team observed the zodiacal light and astronomical twilight at an area that was still very dark, far from light pollution, in the site of Timau National Observatory, Kupang. Measurements were made using two SQM (Sky Quality Meters) and two cameras directed to the eastern horizon. This is in contrast to the usual astronomical twilight measurements which are directed to the zenith. It is for the purposes of determining morning prayer time. The astronomical twilight towards the eastern horizon is usually called the "true dawn". The two SQMs used are SQM LU which is integrated with Portable Twilight Meter (PTM) and a separate SQM using Bessel V (Visual) filter. While the two cameras used are the Raspi HQ Camera which is integrated with PTM and the Canon Mirrorless Camera. The measurement results clearly show the appearance of the zodiac light which is getting brighter slowly and the appearance of the astronomical twilight which is getting brighter rapidly. Astronomical twilight detected in the SQM light curve and the camera image appears at a sun's depression of -20 degrees. This position is lower than the global average astronomical twilight at -18 degrees. This difference is thought to be due to the difference in the measurement direction. In the eastern horizon, the astronomical twilight appears faster than in the zenith direction. When compared with the appearance of "true dawn" in high latitude regions at the sun's depression around -19 degrees and some even up to -15 degrees, these observations can be considered as observational evidence that confirms a higher equatorial atmosphere. The "true dawn" in the region near the equator appears earlier than at high latitudes where the atmosphere is relatively lower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of big data helps us to observe different trends and patterns of data and can be related to people's behavior. The more data is collected, the more data trends and patterns can be identified and used for impactful future applications. The big data process involves two important parts: (i) Data Management and (ii) Data Analytics. This study focuses on data management processes such as data cleaning and structuring that were applied before manipulating the data into useful and informative results. Usually, when a request for project development is made, the data used among students is normalized. The student does not have experience applying data cleaning and structure to their project. There were 78 participants involved in this study that took the Database Programming subject. Participants were required to do a group project on managing the data and displaying informative data using the PL/SQL approach. Findings show that most participants agreed that using reading responses is a good approach as they find new knowledge through data collection (70.5%). The participants also found this task interesting, useful, and practical (68%). This study also improves literacy skills. Participants faced some challenges and gained firsthand experience in upgrading their skills in handling data management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ende village in Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, is one of the villages with a high level of cultural manifestation. The local community's interpretation and perception of the condition of the surrounding environment and natural resources is an important thing that can be used as a benchmark in environmental conservation efforts. The study aims to determine the perception of the Ende Traditional Village about the sustainability of local wisdom and environmental conservation. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach. Determination of the sample is done by a combination of accidental sampling and snowball sampling. Primary data collection was done by interview and key informant discussion. Based on the results of interviews, it can be seen that the people of Ende village still continue to use the surrounding natural resources for various needs including food, building materials, and medicinal materials. Local wisdom is also a very important guideline in various aspects of life, including in the interpretation of environmental conditions and local natural resources. The people of Ende village have the perception that as long as local wisdom still exists, Ende village will always survive the changing times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The achievement of food security at the regional or regional level does not guarantee the achievement of food security at the household level. When food availability is met, food security is not achieved. Food security will be achieved when access to food is also adequate and food absorption can take place properly. COVID-19 is a threat to global food security. Mandai District is one of the agricultural areas that has experienced an impact since the emergence of COVID-19 which affected the condition and food security of the community. This study was conducted to analyse the proportion of food consumption expenditure to total expenditure, the level of energy and protein consumption and the condition of food security of farmer households before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mandai District. This study method uses a descriptive-analytical method. Subjects of this study were 78 farming households in Mandai District which were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. They were selected randomly. The results showed that the food security of farming households in Mandai District both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic was included in the category of food insecure households. This can be seen from the proportion of food expenditure which is still high (<60% of household expenditure), and the level of adequacy of energy and protein from food that is consumed less (≤80% of the requirement for adequacy of energy). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is considered as the land of Spices, leading the world in production, consumption and export of spices. According to the Spice Board of India, 75 spices out of a total of 109 are grown in the country. More than 90% of the spices produced in India are consumed in India, with the remainder being exported in raw and value-added forms. A spice is a seed, fruit, root, bark, or other plant material that is used to flavour, colour, or preserve food. Herbs, on the other hand, are the leaves, buds, or stems of plants that are used for flavoring or garnishing. Spices are often ground into a powder for ease of use. Antimicrobial properties are found in many spices, this may explain why spices are used more often in warmer climates, where infectious diseases are more prevalent. India grows spices on 3.8 million hectares, producing 9.4 million tonnes per year. India is the largest spice exporter, exporting approximately 3908 metric tons of spices each year. Low farm productivity, high production costs, non-coverage of high yielding varieties in farmers' fields, quality planting materials, crop loss due to severe diseases and pest incidences, poor postharvest handlings, insufficient extension networks and price volatility are all major constraints in spice production. Furthermore, in black pepper propagation and propagation of turmeric and ginger using single bud rhizomes, advanced techniques for rapid multiplication such as the split bamboo process, serpentine method, soil mound method, and rapid cloning are used in place of the conventional method of propagation in spice crops. A time-bound and well-defined programme for collecting indigenous germplasm of all seed spices must be implemented right away. Traditional varieties developed from indigenous germplasm exist, which are supposed to contain useful genes for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. If valuable genes are not immediately collected and conserved, adoption of improved varieties may result in irreversible loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to measure the pollution level of pig waste of the waste of pig feces from the Bolu Animal Market, North Toraja Regency. The research was conducted in August 2022 at the sponge market, North Toraja Regency. The population was all the people who live around the Bolu animal market, North Toraja Regency. The number of samples used in this study was 44 respondents using the purposive sampling method or chosen intentionally. The type of research used was descriptive research. The data collection methods used were observation and interviews. The analysis of the data used was descriptive. The findings revealed that the presence of a pungent odour from pig feces, which resulted in a high number of flies that could be disease vectors, most disturbed people's perceptions of air pollution at the Bolu Animal Market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has been affecting the economic sector in terms of decreasing income from businesses, decreasing business production, shifting in society's shopping behaviour, and decreasing the amount of consumption of products. Indirectly, this disruption has transformed the pattern of fulfilling food needs. One of the business/industrial sectors that plays a role in fulfilling food needs is broiler chicken farming. Chickens are popular among Indonesians due to their high protein content. In addition, during the COVID-19 pandemic, everyone was encouraged to strengthen the body's immunity by consuming nutritious food. Before the pandemic, the demand for chicken meat in Indonesia increased every year and was always fulfilled. Production and demand for chicken meat experienced a very significant decrease when the pandemic entered Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the direct factors that influence the dynamics of broiler meat production before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Sulawesi. The research method used was a literature study with data sourced from 2021 livestock and animal health statistics documents. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive analysis techniques. Based on the data obtained, it is known that the dynamics of broiler meat production before and during the COVID-19 pandemic showed a negative growth rate of -3.29%. From 2017 and 2018, broiler meat production increased, but production has decreased significantly from 2018 to 2019. Then there was an increase of only 3.42% from 2019 to 2020. It increased by 3.41 percent between 2020 and 2021. This is the impact of the enactment of the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (LSSR) policy in South Sulawesi. Factors that directly influence the negative growth rate of broiler meat production trends are government policies in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, access difficulties in distributing feed and broilers, a decline in livebird prices, reduction in the number of workers, and a reduction in the harvest intensity of broilers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of Polya model problem-solving and conventional problem-solving on students' Adversity Quotient (AQ) on Math subjects. This study was conducted during the student learning conditions during the Covid-19 pandemic. This was a quasi-experimental research with non-equivalent pre-test and post-test control groups. In Indonesia, 38 students from Ibrahimy Situbondo High School's class X took part in the study. Descriptive analysis approaches and inferential analysis with independent sample tests were employed to analyze the data. According to the descriptive analysis results obtained in the experimental class, students who utilized the issue solving Polya model had an average rise in grades of 3.39, whereas students in the control class who used conventional troubleshooting had an average gain in grades of 0.21. The paired test resulted in a sig value of pair 1 is 0.035<0.05 and on pair 2 produces a sig value of 0.480>0.05, which means pair 1 was a problem solving polya model that able to affect the increasing ability of AQ students. As for pair 2 was conventional problem solving which means by solving this problem can not affect the ability of AQ students. As the results of inferential analysis obtained significantly 0.569; it can be concluded that H0 was accepted and H1 was rejected because of the sig> value of α (0.569>0.05), then there was no difference in AQ which used polya model troubleshooting with conventional troubleshooting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI) represent the most common acute illness evaluated in the outpatient setting. URTI range from allergic rhinitis, common cold, and flu to life-threatening illnesses coronavirus (COVID-19). Recently, URTI signs were reported to appear commonly in COVID-19 more than in the infection caused by an influenza virus. However, there was little understanding of how to differentiate between this range of infections in the medical community. Since medical evaluation is based on imaging and genetic tests. Therefore, there was a need to support the health care system in developing countries by using the recent technologies represented by artificial intelligence (AI) that are widely used in the medical field for the classification of diseases. This study aimed for early classification of URTI before the subject's condition became late. Machine learning (ML) technique was used represented by Neural Network (NN). A Kaggle dataset of 4096 patients and 20 clinical features was trained and tested. Also, the performance metrics of this algorithm were examined. According to the results, the proposed algorithms (NN) can classify URTI. It functions well in terms of F1-score, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, training time, with testing time, with scores of 94.3%, 94.3%, 94.3%, 98.1%, 94.5%, 0.070 sec, and 0.012 sec, respectively. To reach precise coherent information concerning URTI, it is best to apply modern methods for diagnosis, as well as perform the same experiments on legitimate data. Through this, research can be extended, and other models can be upgraded. Techniques related to the process of classification and predictions aimed at URTI are achieved through the varying combinations of ML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using no-core optical fiber (NCF) and conventional single-mode fiber (SMF), this research needs to increase the sensitivity of temperature and relative humidity measurements for radiology device applications. Operating on the Mach-tender Interferometer (MZI) principle, the sensors make use of surface plasmon resonance. Traditional sensing technologies sometimes confront difficulties in reaching high sensitivity and accuracy, especially in demanding environments like radiology facilities. In order to increase the sensitivity of four relative humidity sensors constructed from SMF, TNCF, and SMF, a 2 cm NCF segment was incorporated. To enhance sensitivity, the sensors have been coated with a variety of substances, such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), silica nanoparticles (PVN/PVP), and a layer-by-layer technique. The sensor coated with AuNPS exhibited the greatest sensitivity with respect to temperature, attaining 0.486 db/°C. The fiber optic sensors that have been developed exhibit great potential for utilization in biomedical and environmental domains. Experimental tests are carried out to assess the performance of the proposed sensing system, including sensitivity, accuracy, and reaction time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Newborns may develop a common condition at the start of their lives known as neonatal jaundice. High levels of bilirubin in the infant's blood cause jaundice due to immature liver. Additionally, it may lead to severe symptoms and serious complications. Thus, early detection of this condition is mandatory to prevent further complications. Current methods for measuring bilirubin level involve collecting blood from the patient. However, invasive techniques are stressful and painful and may cause unwanted complications, especially, when dealing with uncooperative patients like neonates. In order to avoid invasive methods, researchers sought other non-invasive methods to diagnose jaundice using image processing techniques and machine learning algorithms. This study offers a comparative performance between six machine-learning algorithms (MLA), namely, Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Decision Tree (DT), LightGBM, and Random Forest (RF), based on a dataset of normal and jaundiced infant images. The results show that the RF has the highest performance among other algorithms used in this study, with an accuracy of 97.37%. At the same time, Naïve Bayes has the lowest performance of 88.16%. The results confirm that the Random Forest algorithm has the upper hand in binary classifications that help detect neonatal jaundice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blind or visually impaired people face several challenges in safely navigating their environments due to their lack of inclusive real-time obstacle detection and surrounding information aid. In this paper, a smart stick for visually impaired people was designed and practically implemented. The smart stick system contains heart rate, ultrasound, and moisture sensors. The system's core utilizes an Arduino Nano microcontroller programmed in C++ and GPS, GSM/GPRS, a vibration motor, a buzzer, and a battery. Ultrasound and soil moisture sensors are used to detect the obstacles and the nature of the floor faced by the visually impaired person during navigation in various environments. The heart rate was employed to monitor the health condition of the visually impaired. Moreover, the position of the visually impaired individual was tracked in real-time based on GPS, and the geolocations were transmitted to the family members through the GSM/GPRS network to facilitate the monitoring of the user. The vibration motor and buzzer alert the user to unwanted environments, like obstacles, wet surfaces, or elevated heart rates. The performance of the alert decision was enhanced by utilizing an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) implemented in Matlab software. The analysis results revealed exceptionally high correlation coefficients (R²) across all datasets: 0.997 for training, 0.988 for testing, 0.982 for validation, and 0.994 for all combined datasets, as determined by the applied ANN. Furthermore, the alert decision error was enhanced to 4.096×10-5. This error revealed that applying ANN resulted in a remarkable reduction in errors relative to those obtained from statistical analysis of differences among the smart stick system and benchmark systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper studies the possibilities of measuring urine flow and volume for the purpose of making these factors a monitoring tool by developing a portable and uncomplicated device without any difficulty or glitches in learning how to use it. Traditional urine flow measurement, often performed in clinical settings, hospitals, or medical centers, can be considered a worrying experience for patients and noisy to their comfort and privacy. This study explores the concept of a urine flow at home by analyzing its advantages in terms of patient comfort and not transgression in any way on their psychological factor. In this paper, we explain the design of our proposed device and its functions by focusing on its portability and simple affordability to suit all class categories worldwide. In addition, by making urine flow measurements available in the familiar environment of patients' homes, our proposed innovative design aims to enable individuals to monitor their urinary health. So that there are no problems with the urinary system as the earlier the patient discovers his illness, the less it worsens. It should also be recalled that the potential benefits go beyond convenience, which may reduce the burden of the healthcare system and promote a sense of self-management among patients. This study contributes to the development of home urology instruments by paving the way for further research and probably near-future clinical applications. This systematic review examines the variability in uroflowmetry readings across different studies, and the best result sensor that could used for accurate measurement is the load cell sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyrolysis involves chemically breaking down biomass by subjecting it to high temperatures in the absence or minimal presence of oxygen. This process yields environmentally friendly fuels like syngas, bio-oil, and bio-char. The pivotal element within the pyrolysis setup is the cyclone separator, which plays a vital role in eliminating solid particles from the resulting syngas, thus enhancing its cleanliness. This refined syngas can then be condensed into bio-oil. To assess the cyclone separator's efficacy, it is essential to conduct practical tests across varying speeds to attain optimal particle collecting efficiency. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of changes in inlet velocity values on collecting efficiency for 2 types of Cyclone Separator (Stairmand and Lapple) which will be used in the pyrolysis system. This study employs two types of cyclone separators: the Stairmand and Lapple designs. Through experimentation, the Stairmand variant achieved a peak collecting efficiency of 96.73% at an inlet velocity of 14 m/s, whereas the Lapple design reached 97.83% at 13 m/s inlet velocity. As a result, it can be inferred that the Lapple type exhibits superior collecting efficiency compared to the Stairmand variant, making it a recommended choice for integration into pyrolysis systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research on polymers that can conduct electricity has been carried out. In general, material engineering research is carried out in the form of composites by mixing two basic materials, namely polymers as matrices and carbon as fillers with electrically conductive properties. Most studies have looked at carbon produced by fabrics, such as carbon-black, carbon-fibre. The paper presents the research findings on the electrical conductivity properties of LLDPE (Linear Low-Density Polyethylene) carbon composites and their correlation with the composition ratio and density-porosity physical properties. We engineered the composite using LLDPE as the matrix and rice husk carbon as an electrically conductive filler. The composite was created with different composition ratios of carbon to LLDPE (50:50; 60:40; and 70:30 % by weight) and subjected to hot compaction at various temperatures (120°C, 135°C, 150°C) and a pressure of 100 (bar). We investigated the density-porosity and electrically conductive properties of the composite and analysed the relationships between these characteristics. Through this research, we successfully engineered LLDPE carbon composites as electrically conductive polymer composites. The presence of high carbon content in the composite led to the formation of porosity, resulting in increased electrical conductivity. Conversely, lower carbon content led to higher density but lower electrical conductivity. Moreover, higher carbon content and compaction temperature resulted in a denser and flatter microstructure of the composite, leading to higher electrical conductivity. This study demonstrates the capability of polymer carbon composites to conduct electricity. The achieved electrical conductivity ranged from 0.0007 [S/cm] (lowest value) to 0.0142 [S/cm] (highest value). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is a country located across the equator, which means that Indonesia is always on the sun's path. This causes Indonesia to always get a supply of sunlight evenly throughout the year. This shows that Indonesia has great solar energy potential. One of the challenges in solar energy conversion technology into electricity is how to get the most energy possible. One method that can be used is a solar tracking system. A solar tracker is a device that is used to direct the solar energy collector towards the sun. The use of a real-time clock to determine the sun's position is the algorithm used in this solar tracker system. Calculation of the sun's position is carried out by the controller based on input from the real-time clock module and the longitude and latitude positions of the solar panels. The results of these calculations are used to determine the movement of the motor drive system. The output value produced by the solar panel is measured along with the angle value formed by the system drive. Validation of theoretical equations is carried out to validate whether the solar tracker is able to direct the solar panels towards the sun. The increase in the average output of solar panels was obtained by increasing the VOC of 5.53%; ISC 19.48%; and power 18.93%. The average error value generated by the system drive on the azimuth axis is 1.73% and the elevation axis is 1.42%. The validation results show that the system is able to move the solar panels facing the sun with the results of successful validation 21 out of 23 data collection times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiesel feedstock has a few main constituents with different concentrations. The physicochemical properties of its constituents determine the biodiesel quality. This study investigates the single and binary droplet combustion of methyl oleate and methyl palmitate as the major constituents in palm oil biodiesel. An isolated droplet combustion experiment with the suspended droplet method and self-illuminated direct imaging technique was conducted at atmospheric pressure and room temperature under normal gravity. The thermal expansion during the heating phase is closely related to the viscosity and boiling point of the fuel droplet, which then determines the duration of ignition delay. The droplet lifetime in the subsequent stages also depends on the ignition delay time since the combustion is separated into two different combustion modes. The additional transition phase and a typical flame extinction mode were observed in methyl oleate combustion. In the fuel blends, methyl palmitate reduces the soot accumulation at the flame tip of methyl oleate combustion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology utilization has become one supporting need in improving learning quality. This research conducted to accumulate, evaluate, analyze, and synthesis data and previous findings which relevant in analyzing the role of Geogebra and designing the learning by the help of the application in solving the problems in mathematics education. This research is a study of Systematic Literature Review by using PRISMA protocol. Taken from 14 publications in the last five years to be reviewed, several findings were found. First, research publication on Geogebra utilization in secondary school mathematics shows advance trends. Meanwhile, based on reasearchers' demography, the majority of these research come from Indonesia. Second, targeted topic of the implementation of this application are spread evenly in the topic of algebra, geometry, and calculus. Geogebra was proven to have effective role in overcoming student's problem, both in cognitive or affective that become the third finding of this research. Lastly, most of Geogebra implemented on face-to-face learning without any specific model or learning strategy. However, the implementation of learning using Geogebra with or without model or innovative learning strategy proved to have positive impact on students. Therefore, the implementation of Geogebra could be an alternative solution in improving quality of secondary school mathematics learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The era of society 5.0 has advanced the use of technology in all its aspects, including education. Education must be able to adapt to technological developments in order to provide learning that matches the character-istics of students, especially in elementary schools. One of the uses of technology that can be used is to cre-ate a learning device with Book Creator. The study aims to find out how the book creator application is used in elementary school learning as well as to analyze the results of previous research related to the use of book creators in elementary school education. The research method used is Systematic Literature Riview (SLR), with article criteria that include using the PICO technique. The data that has been collected is subsequently identified, analyzed, and described descriptively. Research results show that a lot of research has been done on the development of learning tools such as digital textbooks, e-modules, and electronic student worksheets using Book Creator. Book Creator is capable of becoming one of the technologies that can be used in the world of education, especially at the elementary schools, because it can help teachers present learning devices that fit the era of society 5.0. Book Creator is not only capable of presenting interesting visualizations but is also able to present audio, video, and various animations in one e-book. This is the attraction and advantage of a book creator that fits the characteristics of elementary school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dielectric elastomer generators (DEGs) are a kind of electrostatic flexible transducer that can transform the oscillating mechanical energy from various sources into usable electricity. Among the most promising uses of DEG is wave energy harvesting. DEGs are suited for harvesting mechanical energy from ocean waves due to their lightness, low cost, high energy density, and rapid responsiveness to mechanical shocks. At present, a simple and intriguing physical model of a dielectric elastomer-based wave energy converter is being constructed and analysed. The experiment's physical model activities, such as laboratory testing and wave tank tests, are discussed to demonstrate the development of the device scale and performance. Different wave heights are considered during the testing process. In addition, preliminary experimental results on the evaluation of a physical model for three distinct elastomer layers are presented. A self-priming circuit is then developed to increase the voltage and charge capacity of a DEG. According to the results, the elastomer diluent generated greater power. In addition, very small pressure is required to generate power. Therefore, the accumulated power produced in 120 seconds can be as high as 1.079 mW. Based on the results of the experiments that have been done, the DEG is a very good choice for the next generation of wave energy converters (WECs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students with autism struggle with the Qur'an learning process, especially in memorization. This struggle makes learning objectives challenging to achieve. Students with autism tend to learn styles using audio-visual methods, so technology today is beneficial in understanding the Qur'an. Mauro's Popup Book is teaching media in the form of a book designed according to the learning needs of autistic students based on digital technology. This study aims to see the effectiveness of Mauro's Popup Book in helping the Qur'an learning process in schools. The method used in the study is single-subject research with multiple baseline designs across subjects. The subjects in this study were three children with autism at SLB Autism YPPA Padang. The data is analyzed using Visual Analysis of Graffic Data. The baseline condition is students' initial ability without intervention, while the intervention condition is the provision of treatment in learning the Qur'an using Mauro's Popup Book. The study results after the intervention showed a significant improvement in the Qur'an learning process in autistic students, especially in the memorization of Surah Al-Fatihah, Al-Ikhlas, Al-Falaq, and An-Nas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power generation utilizing biomass thermal conversion has become one of the clean energy solutions. Arthrospira platensis (AP) microalgae belongs to 3rd-gen biomass. AP has high protein and relatively low ash content compared to other microalgae. On the other hand, AC has a high energy density and also provides a catalytic effect due to its high surface area. Inorganic material is one of the main factors in determining the potential of thermal conversion feedstock. Reactor fouling is caused by inorganic deposits, resulting in a decrease in heat transfer efficiency. Inorganic elements (Na, K, Ca, and Mg) also interact with biomasses' volatile matter, reducing thermal conversion to final product quality, such as pyrolysis oil. This study aimed to analyze inorganic elements change and its possible interaction with the thermal conversion product of AP and AC mixture at a mass ratio of 10:1 (10AP:1AC) compared to parent material using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. The result indicated that AP contained chlorine and potassium as major inorganic elements of 54.8 and 19.6 (wt.%), respectively. AC inorganic elements are dominated by calcium and iron at 33.6 and 19.8 (wt.%) in that order. Blending AP and AC does not drastically increase total inorganic elements with maximum change in iron with 0.92%, which is the desired output where there is feedstock quality improvement without significant inorganic element increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the development of magnetorheological elastomers (MRE) for long-lasting mechanical elements, durability has emerged as a critical factor. It is necessary to determine the material's ability to withstand changes in property levels caused by actual service circumstances. Similarly, the degradation process of MRE in viscoelastic materials is controlled by a variety of damage mechanisms that result in material deterioration. MRE durability research has revealed an astonishingly consistent trend, but more research is required. As a result, this research advances our understanding of MRE microscopic durability under shear loads at constant strain, a phenomenon known as stress relaxation. Isotropic MRE samples based on silicone rubber (SR) were prepared by incorporating 70 wt% of magnetic particles. The rheological and shear stress relaxation behavior of MRE samples in oscillatory shear mode was tested using a rheometer. In the stress relaxation durability test, the angular frequency effect was used. At 31.4 rad/s, the damping property (loss factor) and shear stress showed an increased pattern. During the first 12,000 seconds of the test, both parameters gradually decreased. However, at 6.28 rad/s, both damping and stress showed only a minor decrease. The sheared MRE sample was then examined using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), with particular focus on the formation of shear bands, which occurred as early as 12,000 s into the test. As a result, a clear and predictive picture of stress relaxation in the generic shear band will provide insights for dealing with and processing such material in real-time practice, thereby contributing to the long-term development goal of domestic technology development, research, and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High dependence on fossil energy sources is still a major problem in the national energy supply. To overcome these problems, the government encourages the utilization of renewable energy sources, one of which is biomass energy. Arthrospira platensis is one of the potential biomass as a future renewable energy source. This study aims to understand the thermal behavior and determine the kinetic parameter of the Arthrospira platensis activated carbon mixture with mass ratios of 10:3 during the combustion process. Thermal behavior analysis was carried out with the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) instrument under the heating rates of 10 ℃/min using an oxygen flow rate of 100 ml/min with a temperature range of 25−1000 ℃. The results of the TGA showed that the mixed samples underwent three decomposition processes: moisture removal, volatile matter release, and solid residue decomposition. The Coats-Redfern fitting method was applied to calculate the activation energy in 2nd stage of decomposition by using ten reaction models. The result indicated that the order reaction model of F1 and the diffusion model of D1 were the most proper models for Phase I and II, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) as lignocellulosic biomass is the second largest waste after Palm Oil Mills Effluent (POME) in oil palm processing. EFB can act as a source of nutrition with POME in the production of biogas by anaerobic digestion (AD). However, EFB's lignin content inhibits biogas production by hindering the access of microbes to the nutrients. Hence, the EFB needs to be pretreated to break the lignin content. This study focuses on the effect of NaOH pretreatment of EFB on the biogas production of a 21 days AD. NaOH concentrations of 0.5 M, 1.25 M, and 2 M were used to soak the EFB for 60 minutes at a temperature of 100˚C. A maximum delignification of 26.465% was obtained with 2 M NaOH. Compared to mono-digestion AD, the highest increase in biogas production of 251.16% was obtained also with the 2 M NaOH pretreatment. Hence, 2 M NaOH was found to be the optimum concentration to pretreat EFB as a co-substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coconut, as an evergreen plant, grows abundantly and generates coconut shell waste (CSW) as a by-product, often mistreated when it can be used as a renewable energy source. This research aims to study the kinetics of CSW combustion through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The sample was combusted from a temperature of around 27℃ to 1000 ° C at a constant heating rate of 30 ° C min-1 and an airflow rate of 100 ml min−1. The thermogravimetric (TG) and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curves show that the thermal decomposition of the CSW existed in three phases: from room temperature to 135 ° C occurred the release of moisture content, followed by a phase of active combustion in which cellulose and hemicellulose were decomposed and burned, and finally after the temperature of 550℃ was the solid residue decomposition occurred. The combustion kinetic parameters of CSW were evaluated using Horowitz-Metzger's integral method. The moisture content release phase possessed a lower activation energy value (80.99 kJ mol−1) compared to the main phase of the biomass combustion of CSW (127.80 kJ mol−1). Thermodynamic parameters were investigated as well, and it was revealed that a certain amount of heat was needed to decompose the CSW sample into an activated complex throughout the combustion reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the most recent cutting tool technology in the machining of Titanium (Ti) based superalloys to better grasp the existing state and to determine future directions of cutting tool research and development for turning Titanium-based superalloys. Titanium (Ti) based superalloys are widely employed in the aerospace, automotive, and petrochemical sectors due to their outstanding combination of mechanical properties and high-temperature corrosion resistance. Ti superalloys are also used to produce biomedical components, sports equipment's, and other high-performance products. These superalloys, however, are difficult to cut due to their poor heat conductivity, low elastic modulus, high strength, and superior chemical resistance. A survey of the literature reveals that cutting tool life is drastically reduced when machining titanium superalloys at high cutting speeds and feed rates. The review study focuses on (i) various cutting tool materials used in Ti superalloy turning operations; (ii) diverse cutting tool coating procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feeding fish to fulfill the nutritional needs of the fish can increase the growth of fish to a marketable size. However, manual feeding requires a lot of time and money. Therefore, an automation system is needed that can help feed fish automatically at the right time and in the right amount. To overcome this problem, an Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) Fish Feeder product with fuzzy logic control is an interesting topic to research which has the advantage of being able to reduce production costs and the time required to feed manually. The navigation system must be able to move according to the specified destination. In this research, a navigation system based on waypoint using GPS and compass is designed. A fuzzy logic control system will be applied to control the movement of the USV Fish Feeder with input distance error and angle error. The results of the tests that have been carried out are that the navigation system designed can move the USV Fish Feeder to a predetermined waypoint. The error results on the autonomous system with fuzzy logic controller are 1.38 meters with an accuracy of 92.78% in the first test, 1.7 meters with an accuracy of 91.1% in the second test, 1.3 meters with an accuracy of 94.79% in the third test, and 0.7703 meters with an accuracy of 95.83% in the fourth test as the best result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]