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In this paper a cone tapered surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based chemical fiber sensor is fabricated and demonstrated for the detection of low water content in ethanol. Here the 11nm thickness of Aluminum (Al) is used to coat tip of probe to generate Plasmon wave. The output power has been found to increase linearly with water content in the range 1–10% due to the increase in refractive index (RI) of ethanolabove which, as the percentage of water increases in step of 20% it shows abrupt decrease in RI hence decrease in the output power. The compact size of sensor and its low cost fabrication makes it useful for many applications in the field of chemical and biochemical sensing.

The formation of chemically etched optical fiber for use in refractive index sensor is addressed. This presented design of a refractive index (RI) sensor is based on recording the power loss exhibited by radiation propagating through an etched multimode fiber (MMF) immersed in the liquid under study. The decreasing diameters of fibers are found to be strongly dependent on the temperature and etchant composition. This experiment was performed for different unclad etched fibers for same sensing length and the RI changes from 1.33 RIU to 1.38 RIU. When the multimode fiber (MMF) is etched for 12 hours the sensitivity of the sensor is approximately 204.25dBm/RIU, which is larger than without etched fiber having sensitivity 127.2dBm/RIU.