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Research is concerned with using a photoacoustic imaging system based on a diode laser and a condenser microphone to image white cement phantoms and polyvinyl chloride phantoms. The white cement phantom represents hard tissue, while the polyvinyl chloride phantom represents soft tissue. The white cement phantom was varied in density to represent the osteoporosis phenomenon. The optimal laser modulation frequency system is 19 kHz, and the optimal duty cycle is 60%. The white cement phantom and polyvinyl chloride phantom can be distinguished even though the contrast is not very good. The two phantoms' distribution of acoustic intensity levels is not much different. The acoustic intensity level of the white cement phantom is 16 to 21 a.u., while the phantom PVC-DOTP is 17 to 25 a.u. The average acoustic intensity level of the white cement phantom tends to be higher when the density is also high. The average acoustic intensity levels obtained were (18±1), (19±1), and (20±1) a.u. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unexpected accidental events of extreme loadings may develop exceptionally high stresses in the materials of the structures damaging key elements and may cause disproportionate collapse or even initiate progressive collapse. Bridge structures being lifelines mainly of cosmopolis and also of strategic bordering environments have economic and political importance and their failure may have serious repercussions. For short-span, steel bowstring-arch bridge is a viable option over congested crossings and remote border areas. Current bridge design codes of practice neither consider high-strain loadings (blast, impact) nor recommend provisions to prevent their occurrence during the construction or service life. Contact explosive events are more damaging in terms of material failure/loss than close-range or non-contact ones. Little research work has been done in the past addressing steel-concrete bridge response to explosions. This work numerically investigates the response of a simply supported steel-concrete bowstring-arch highway girder bridge under contact and close-range explosion including lateral eccentricity of the explosive. Analysis software package Abaqus is used to model the bridge and predict its response under concentric and eccentric locations of the cubical TNT having a mass of 1630kg detonated at one-half of the bridge span. Explosive is defined using the Eulerian-Lagrangian scheme. Propagation of the explosive waves in the material of the bridge under the considered loading conditions is presented and explained. Bridge response in terms of plastic strains, principal stress, deflection, crater size, and total damage energy is investigated. The position of the TNT producing maximum damage to the bridge is identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Active galaxies are a class of bright external galaxies emitting nearly constant "strong continuum radiation" from the unresolved compact nuclear region (r ≤ 1017 cm) and across the entire EM spectrum. IUE satellite has made intensive observations of Fairall 9, one of the brightest (∼ 13.8 mag) and low redshift (z = 0.0461) active galaxies in the year 1994. In this paper, we present our investigations on the UV variability properties strong emission lines Lyα+NV + N V and C IV, which are emitted from the broad line region (BLR) surrounding central compact accretion disc. We have estimated the amplitudes of relative variability (∼ Rmax) and Fvar parameters by fitting power-law (Fυ ∝ υα) to the continuum and multiple Gaussian profiles to Lyα+NV + N V and C IV emission lines of UV spectra of Fairall 9 corresponding to its intensive monitoring observations by IUE satellite. These investigations concentrate on emission line variability characterization, emission line ratios, their relationship with the ionizing continuum. The characteristic feature of UV spectra of AGNs is the presence of numerous strong and broad permitted and forbidden emission lines produced in different spatial regions of the "Broad Line Region" (BLR) lying much closer to the central disc. The emission line spectra enable us to identify "active galaxies" and to probe the physical conditions in BLRs. We found Rmax parameter to be 2.21 for Lyα+NV broad component, 1.68 for Lyα+NV-Narrow component and 1.95 for the total profile of Lyα+NV. The Rmax values obtained for C IV-broad, C IV-Narrow and C IV-total profile are 2.39, 1.60 and 1.52 respectively. The UV continuum flux too has exhibited the variability trend of "decreasing flux with increasing wavelength", a phenomenon observed often in most low and intermediate redshift Seyfert 1 galaxies and quasars. These findings seem to correspond with the variance of Lyα+NV and C IV lines recorded by several publications using identical IUE data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a country with the largest Muslim population in the world, providing halal guarantees is very important. For this reason, the Indonesian government through the Ministry of Religion encourages industials to provide halal products. The product that is the object of research is crab cakes from CV Anfival. UD Anvifal faces risks in various stages of its supply chain which can affect the quality and halalness of its products. The method used in this research is House of Risk (HOR), which consists of two stages. The first stage is risk identification, which involves mapping halal supply chain activities by dividing business activities into five main stages: planning (plan), resources (source), production (make), delivery (deliver), and return (return). At this stage, risk analysis is carried out to identify risk events and risk agents that have the potential to disrupt the supply chain. The second stage is risk handling, where mitigation strategies are designed for risk agents that need to be addressed immediately. Mitigation priorities are based on Aggregate Risk Potential (ARP) calculations. Based on the identification results, 79 risk events were obtained and 38 risk agents were obtained. Of the 38 risk agents that were obtained, 20 risk agents were selected with a cumulative ARP of 95.13%, which has the potential to cause risk events, so they will be handled first, namely (A24) there is no clear production plan, (A6) completion of production is not on time., (A4) lack of a structured recording system, (A25) halal license or BPOM is not very important (A2) lack of work experience, (A23) sudden demand, (A17) dependence on one cardboard supplier, (A7) internal communication which is not good, (A30) the occurrence of natural disturbances or natural disasters, (A16) dependence on one plastic packaging, (A1) lack of concern from workers in supporting the company's progress (A21) poor communication with customers, (A15) dependence on one supplier crabs, (A33) entry of parasitic animals (A9) number of workers deemed adequate (A31) damage to means of transportation (A32) damage to machines or production equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explains how the collaboration between traditional and modern da'wah is called smart mashup da'wah. The era of society 5.0 initiates various collaborations of da'wah media to become a medium for delivering modern da'wah. However, the people of society 5.0 have obstacles to developing their potential related to scientific information and entrepreneurship due to limited space and time to find and develop it, especially those related to Islam. The Internet of Things (IoT) approach is a solution to the limitations of space and time to deal with changes in the da'wah pattern of the Society 5.0 era. Therefore, the concept of a smart mashup da'wah with online media-based websites is proposed with a prototyping model. It makes it easier for da'wah actors and congregations to get da'wah information through news or articles. Also, it helps the people's economy with the MSME marketplace feature and consultation features with experts without the limitations of space and time. Smart mashup da'wah is expected to answer the needs of society in the era of society 5.0, which is very closely related to every activity of their lives with digital technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclist bike share programs are now a big part of how cities look and will look in the future. These programs are meant to provide a handy and environmentally friendly way to travel short distances, could help ease traffic, get people to live healthier lives, and make the environment cleaner. As these bike share systems grow, they produce a lot of data that can be used to make them more efficient, easier to use, and have a bigger effect overall. This paper examines the cyclist bike share data, using data analysis techniques, visualization tools, and statistical methods to look at system usage patterns, user demographics, popular routes, seasonal changes, transportation impacts, accessibility and equity, maintenance challenges, and future works. This study promises to give city planners, transportation authorities, and bike share operators useful information. This will help these programs work better, be more accessible, and last longer in cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silica extracted from clay of Kendari Bay has been studied. The clay was first rinsed with deionized water and dry under daily sunlight. The dried clay was then crushed and sieved of 60 meshes. Silica was obtained by leaching method using hydrochloric acid (HCl) with concentration varied from 4M to 10M with increment of 2M. During leaching process, the mixture was left for stirring at 100°C for 5 h, rinsed until neutral pH and filtered. The samples were characterized using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) to know chemical composition of clay, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) for structural properties and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) for functional groups. The results showed that the optimal condition for silica extraction is 6 M of 64.588%. XRD result revealed that the Bragg peak with high intensity situated at 2 = 26,6° is identified as SiO2 with Miller index of 101 of quartz type. FTIR result shown that the peak situated on 1.050 cm−1 was identified as Si-O-Si functional groups. The, we concluded that the clay of Kendari Bay was became the source of silica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The palm oil industry forms the backbone of the Malaysian agricultural economy and is indexed as one of the National Key Economic Areas (NKEAs). Despite the rapid demand for palm oil, the labor shortage caused by the Covid-19 pandemic has reduced harvest activity since the dependability on human labor is still high. Based on this scenario, the way forward to resolve the issue is through the implementation of mechanized equipment to assist plantation activities. However, the output rate based on the implementation of mechanized equipment in the Malaysian palm oil industry is still unclear. In this regard, this paper aims to develop a simulation model that mimics the operation of the mechanized equipment in the palm oil mill using a discrete event simulation (DES) approach. The related mechanized equipment has been considered in the simulation model to resemble the palm oil mill operation, namely clarification, extraction, sterilization, and stripping stations. As a result, it is found that the sterilization process contributes to the longest waiting time (122.89 seconds) and the highest number of waiting (3.04 tons). In contrast, stripping stations turn the lowest percentage of resource utilization. By improving the utilization of identified mechanized equipment, the dependability on human labor can be reduced gradually. Consequently, it will increase the harvest output known as Fresh Fruit Branches (FFB) yield and crude palm oil (CPO) production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using photovoltaic cells is limited due to their high cost and low efficiency. where its efficiency is less than 15%–20%. The high operating temperature of photovoltaic cells leads to a decrease in their efficiency. Accordingly, the cell's effectiveness and operational life are negatively impacted by the high operating temperature. This research looked at, the Ansys Fluent program (CFD) and MATLAB programs were used to investigate and analyze the result of using air from the outer part of a split unit air conditioner to cool the PV cell. A mono-crystalline silicon PV cell with a capacity of 250 watts and dimensions of (1640 x 990 x 40) mm was adopted in this analysis. The findings indicated that the operating temperature of the uncooled photovoltaic cell was 60.959 °C, while it was 42.211 °C for the cooled cell with heat sink at 12 am. The higher temperature difference was 18 °C between the cooled and uncooled cells in the middle of the day. While the lowest difference in operating temperature was 12 °C at 4 pm. The operating temperature dropped at a rate of 16% and the average rate of rise in electrical output was 5% between the cooled and uncooled cells. This entails lowering the operating temperature, which increases the amount of energy produced while also extending life of PV cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent real-time networking developments have enabled ultra reliability, very low latency and high data rates in wired networks. Wireless networking developments have also shown that they can achieve very high data rates with consistency, but they still lack in providing ultra reliability and extremely low latency. Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) developments have brought these capabilities in Industry automation and Automotive industry too. Although TSN is standardized for wired networks for a long time, for wireless networks it will be standardized within the IEEE 802.11be standard for Wi-Fi and 3GPP Release 17 for 5G in the near future. This paper provides an overview of TSN in wired and wireless networks with the aim of comparing different simulators and presenting their offered functionality and shortcomings. These tools can be used to make oneself familiar with TSN algorithms, standards, and for the development and testing of time sensitive networks. Afterwards, the paper discusses open research questions for using TSN over wireless networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare earth metals (REM) are valuable commodities as technologically advanced materials. These materials can be used in nuclear technology, for example Dy as doping of individual dosimeter, Pm in nuclear batteries, and Sm in nuclear reactor control rods. The main obstacle in obtaining high purity LTJ is the chemical and physical properties similarity. The liquid-liquid extraction method is a purification method that is widely used because of its efficiency. TBP:Kerosene is one of the most widely used extractants in the nuclear industry. TBP is considered a stable, relatively non-flammable solvent, and produces good separation in the purification process, so most trans-uranium, namely actinide metals with atomic number >92, metal processing on the industrial scale currently uses TBP. There are many similarities between the properties of the actinides and the lanthanides, most of them have an oxidation number of + 3 and are electropositive. HNO3 molarity and TBP concentration affect the ability of TBP to bind metals and the efficiency of the purification process. REM is obtained from the Bangka monazite sand processing through an alkaline process to produce REM hydroxide as feed. The feed was dissolved by HNO3 and then extracted with TBP:Kerosene in diluted HNO3 and analyzed using ICP. Based on the results of the ICP analysis, it was found that 5% TBP rather than 30%, which was usually used in nuclear fuel production for the separation process of U, is the more efficient option for REE extraction. A different result was shown in HNO3 Molarity effect, this work showed that the significant %E decrease of Sm occurred at 3 to 4 M HNO3 and 1 to 3 M HNO3 did not give significant changes. The extraction profile obtained is not readily suitable to be used in the refining process of REM. It is necessary to carry out further experiments by utilizing the synergistic effect of TBP and Cyanex solvents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gardens and residential open spaces are part of nature. It can be defined as safe areas where people choose to relax, enjoy, feel content, have social interactions and recreational activities, and satisfy psychological needs and well-being. Green spaces are known to enhance the aesthetics of the environment. Therefore, green spaces support the recovery of patients by reducing stress on them. Therapeutic gardens designed and implemented for this purpose contribute to this process and support the health and development of adults and children. A therapeutic garden designed for children with mental and physical disabilities can be defined as natural areas that contribute to alleviating children's physical symptoms, reducing stress, and thus making them feel healthier. In addition to the possibility for children to exercise their physical activities and play, sick children who use this type of garden constantly explore different environments and become more cheerful and involved. Therapeutic garden concepts and a brief history of its origins, benefits, and principles of design were presented, in addition to the impact of these gardens on the treatment of autistic children. These open spaces, whether they are within the residential environment or residential neighborhood, or gardens designed for recovery and treatment, will improve the quality of life for patients, especially children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and provide therapeutic properties such as self-confidence, self-esteem, and a positive impact on personality and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historic areas and archaeological sites are one of the main attractions in the country for both domestic tourists and foreign visitors. It seems that the key is the rational balance between tourism development and planning, the requirements of sustainable tourism and a healthy environment in historical areas crowded with tourists is sustainable tourism. Tourists cause unwanted cultural, economic and environmental damage; Because of pollution and overuse of transportation. And the pressure on the environmental infrastructure is more than its absorptive capacity and the lack of flexible tourism planning that is in line with all circumstances. Through studies of proposals and examples of global models and selected solutions, we are guided by the fact that sustainable tourism and its green solutions with its planning branches and effective management, as well as sustainable means of transportation such as walking, bicycles and environmentally friendly cars, improving infrastructure, determining the energy and absorptive capacity of historical centers, all of which can prevent congestion and overcrowding, and thus ease and accessibility, which leads to reduce pollution, provide a healthy and sustainable environment for tourists in historical areas, meet personal and psychological needs, and achieve luxury and pleasure during tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Except of alcoholics, Klebsiella pneumoniae is an uncommon cause of community-acquired pneumonia. Because it includes hemoptysis and lumen lesions, Klebsiella spp. might mimic lung TB. K. Pneumoniae has a thicker capsule, making it a difficult illness to treat. The most effective treatments for Klebsiella include third- and fourth-century carbapenems, quinolones, and cephalosporins. Because newer medicines are employed, monotherapy is equally as successful in treating lung inflammation as combination therapy. In the past, less Klebsiella-involved older medicines were employed for effective therapy. Before the diagnosis of pneumococcal illness, the patient we treated was first thought to have pulmonary TB, and ceftriaxone monotherapy was advised. Following the first injection, the patient received oral care for three weeks. Due to its widespread distribution throughout the nation, this type of bacteria will be discussed in this article along with its epidemiology, virulence factors, and treatment options. It is responsible for several of respiratory diseases and has been linked to viruses like the Corona virus, which can invariably result in a person's death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain technology is expanding swiftly and finding its uses in virtually every facet of life, not just in cryptocurrency. It is a decentralized, incorruptible, fault-tolerant, anonymous and open ledger that secures, verifies, and immutably records transactions between two parties. It is a series of blocks that are connected using hash functions. This article delves into details of the blockchain's strong security architecture featuring data encryption, immutability, mining, and data verification. Advanced cryptographic methods, logical models, and other techniques are only a few of the various ways which ensure security in blockchain. Due to these security features, blockchain is finding its application in almost all existing businesses. Integration of blockchain technology into corporate solutions also eliminates the need for middlemen in several crucial services and minimizes expenditures. It may lead to a more effective and affluent society where individuals can communicate with one another directly. Additionally, businesses may use blockchain technology to provide customers with a service that is more fair, reliable, and effective. At the conclusion of the study, the researcher offered several novel blockchain applications that may perform most efficiently when utilizing blockchain's security architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IoT (Internet of Things) is a widespread technology that has taken over the contemporary digital environment. In recent years, numerous forms of IoT have become accessible according to their capabilities and uses. This will undoubtedly make lifestyles more productive but at the expense of immense energy usage and a higher footprint of carbon. Energy-efficient communication is essential to decrease energy usage, which necessitates optimum resource availability and managed power levels. IoT devices, on the other hand, have resource limitations, including those related to processing, memory, and power. The NBIoT (Narrowband Internet of Things) is a 3GPP-standardized mechanism for huge machine-type communications (mMTC). The wide-scale mMTC is intended to use it to give coverage across a significant region. As a result, NBIoT is among the most appealing LPWA (low-power wide-area) technological advances and is the preferred choice for wide-scale deployments in major developing applications, including those in healthcare, smart city, smart agriculture, retail management, utility management, object tracking, smart grid monitoring, and industrial applications due to its LPWA capabilities. It may also be used for low-power residential projects like tracking pets and smart homes. The authors have outlined the foundational ideas and practical uses of NBIoT in this paper for large-scale implementations along with issues that act as barriers to NBIoTs are recognized and explored together with future scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) evolving as a ubiquitous computing service, necessitating massive amounts of big data storage and computation. As billions of gigabytes (GB) of data are produced every day in the world, it must be managed effectively. Due to the cloud's distinct characteristics of resource pooling, scalability, on-demand services, and short-range connectivity, the IoT utilizes cloud technology for outsourced data processing and storage. In this study, the authors provide a vision of IoT technology with big data analytics and cloud computing technology. With the fusion of these technologies, the IoT serves as the data source, big data serves as the analytic platform, and cloud computing serves as their shared workspace. In today's cutthroat environment, where enormous, gigantic computing is being done on networked devices ubiquitously, it also generated some critical threats. Here, cloud, big data, and the IoT are instances of advanced computing environments that are taken into account for identifying and analyzing security concerns. Additionally, researchers have presented an outline of these technologies and then highlighted the relationship among these technologies along with security-concern and possible solutions. Researchers precisely integrate the aforementioned technologies to investigate the shared characteristics and comprehend the advantages of their combination. This research elucidates how IoT functionality is enhanced by blending big data with cloud technology and highlights its existing threats and potential solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud technology has garnered hefty prominence in recent years due to its incessant demand. Switching to cloud technology has a wealth of advantages for corporations. Over the years, the data market and the number of internet users have exploded at an unforeseen rate. Traditional computer technology can no longer keep up with the expanding number of internet users. This vast expansion on the internet facilitates individuals and businesses to store data in private or third-party warehouses that are located far away from the users/organizations in a different state or country. Cloud computing is a complex computer technology sector that enables the extension of computing services at a low cost and with a lot of flexibility. According to estimates, the global cloud service business will reach $1,620,597 million by 2030, rising at a 15.8% compound annual growth rate (CAGR). Along with its many benefits, cloud computing has several security challenges, including client and association vulnerabilities, which are preventing its mass adoption. The security posture of cloud systems is divided into numerous areas in this study. In ad dition, researchers have classified the identified cloud security issues into the relevant categories. Since many security issues are interconnected, so researchers have developed relationships between these categories and the security issues that are addressed in this study. This study aims to accoutre a secure cloud computing platform by assessing cloud problems, identifying correlations between issues, and mapping issues to vulnerabilities across numerous cloud components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud computing technology has a significant impact on human lives and organizations; it is one of the most promising platforms. It facilitates numerous services for cloud users, service providers, and cloud providers. In the digital era, cloud computing provides a wide range of different computing services based on pay-as-you-go (PAYG) services through the internet. Although cloud services have become more convenient and profitable in recent years, maintaining consistent security standards on cloud infrastructure is a tedious task that must be prioritized. It improves processing speed, storage capacity, efficiency, and accuracy, yet has some critical security threats. This paper provides a brief overview of cloud computing with its potential security threats and issues in cloud infrastructure. These security issues and challenges hamper cloud computing technology. Furthermore, the impact of threats on security attributes that affect cloud computing and cloud services is explored. Additionally, this paper also focuses on a few distinct security countermeasures that can assist individuals and companies in avoiding cloud security threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to vibration in the manufacturing sector has caused adverse health effects on the workers. This study was conducted to investigate the level of awareness and implementation of Guideline of Occupation Vibration 2003 of manufacturing companies in Selangor, based on years of establishment. The questionnaire was applied to 112 employers from small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The research focused specifically on employees who are either directly or indirectly involved in policy-making or decision-making in organizations such as the Safety and Health Executive (SHE) or the Safety and Health Officer (SHO), the Human Resources Director, or any management personnel. The results showed that the 51.8% of the respondents does not aware of the existence of the guideline. A one-way ANOVA revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in the level of awareness/knowledge based on the business establishment years (F(2, 109)=12.300, p < 0.05). In terms of the level of implementation and readiness of the companies, there is a significant difference on the occupational vibration exposure monitoring practices based on establishment years (F(2, 109)=6.155, p < 0.05). In conclusion, the level of awareness of the guideline could be improved, and the cooperation between the authority and the industry is important in order to successfully implemented the guideline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Top-of-Rail Friction Modifier (TOR FM) is a chemical solution that is specifically used to reduce the friction between the train and railway. It is widely used in the railway industry. It is proven to prolong the life cycle of railway and train wheels. At the same time, it can reduce the maintenance cost and increase user comfort by managing the noise. This study is intended to determine the effectiveness of TOR FM in managing the noise and at the same time does not cause extra stopping distance when braking is applied. The methodology consists of a noise test using a sound level meter and a braking distance test using a maintenance train. The braking distance reduction observed during the test was observed at 70 km/h speed with a 22 m reduction in braking distance and 1.63 s of stoppage time. Furthermore, the utilization of TOR FM on railway tracks reduced the noise level for onboard and trackside measurements at different levels of speed. The maximum noise reduction of 12 dB was recorded at 70 km/h speed for trackside measurement. In conclusion, the application of TOR FM on railway tracks reduces the braking distance and stoppage time of maintenance vehicles at various speeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fins height effect is numerically analysed in a finned cylindrical annulus on fluid flow and heat transfer. The fins are isothermal with a height varying from 0.015 to 0.953 and different thicknesses 0.015, 0.109 and 0.203. The studied Rayleigh numbers range is between 1000 and 10000. The steady-state solutions are obtained by discretizing the governing equations with the Centred Finite Difference method based on the Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) scheme. The two fins are fixed in the upper part of the annular cavity, with a radii ratio of R=2, at φm = 0.82π. The obtained results of streamlines, isotherms and average Nusselt number are presented. For Ra = 1000, several flow regimes appear and increasing the fins height leads to heat transfer rate improvement, regardless of the fins thickness. The heating effect of the fins outweighs their flow blocking effect. For Ra = 10 000, at low fins heights, only the unicellular flow regime is observed and the increase in the fins height decreases heat transfer rate thus favouring the finless case compared to the finned case. An increase in heat transfer is observed at the transition to the bicellular regime which reaches 19% at h = 0.140 for w = 0.109. After the transition to the bicellular regime, the heat transfer remains almost constant for w = 0.109 and w = 0.203 despite the variation in the fins height up to h = 0.453. Beyond this height, the heating effect of the fins outweighs their effect of blocking the fluid flow, thus inducing an increase in heat transfer with the increase of h for the different thicknesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demands for smart devices are increasing exponentially nowadays. This project presents the invention of a new, low-cost, and user-controlled electrochromic film device for home safety and privacy purpose. The development of this system focuses on windows in which electrochromism materials as a film had been layered for the safety and privacy plan. Excessive exposure to UV radiation over 15 minutes causes acute and chronic long-term skin effects. Meanwhile, the high cost of cutting precise glass appliances due to the high volume of heat trapped during daylight causes the application of this device to be crucial. This invention is equipped with IoT (Internet of Things) which helps users to control it remotely via Blynk Apps in smartphones and displays all the sensor's output. The system comprised of Arduino UNO as the main controller, NodeMCU ESP8266 for IoT platform, solar battery as a power source, UV sensor together with PIR sensor to enhance safety purpose and DHT11 for monitoring temperature and humidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A thermodynamical dual stage model was used to study the effect of the gasification temperature and steam to biomass ratio on several syngas quality indices: H2/CO ratio, CH4/H2 ratio and cold gas efficiency by using vineyard pruning residues as feedstock. Vineyard pruning residues were found to be a promising substrate for fuel cell and integrated gasification systems applications. Also, this feedstock shows good results under different syngas quality indices being versatile to be used in different applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of technology is important to be integrated into learning under the demands of the 4.0 industrial revolution era, teaching material in the form of e-modules needs to be developed by educators as a form of teaching innovation in the current blended-learning period, considering the teaching material at school in the form of a printed version. This research aims to determine the final prototype of the e-module, its validity, and practicality. This type of research is Research and Development using the ADDIE method. This research was tested at MTs As'adiyah No.31 Belawa Baru. This research produces a final prototype in the form of flipbook maker html five assisted e-modules by presenting algebra material, namely the concept of a two-variable linear equation system through ethnomathematical presentations such as the use of 2 Indonesian languages and Buginese language, learning activities with examples of Manre Saperra tradition, and equipped with learning videos. To determine the validity of the product developed, the researcher provided a media expert and material/content expert validation sheets. The validation results of learning media products from media experts and material/content experts obtained a percentage of 71% and 93%, respectively, with an average percentage score of 82%, which means very valid. The practicality test of the e-module was obtained from the mathematics teacher, and the student responses at MTs As'adiyah No.31 Belawa Baru respectively obtained a percentage of 98% and 96% with an average percentage score of 97% with very practical category. Based on the results obtained in developing e-modules for learning mathematics, teaching material can be practically used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of toll roads has increased since 2005 in Indonesia. The benefits of toll road investment have increased connectivity, accessibility, and mobility. This paper presents the calculation of the estimated direct benefits of the new toll road investment. In general, to evaluate immediate user benefits, benefits are associated with direct user benefits. They are reflected in travel time savings and vehicle operating cost savings, from the analysis identified from VOC via toll road, which is more expensive than the arterial road. This has been caused by the distance reached if using the toll road and added the size of the tariff of the toll held by the users. The saving of the VOC will be a significant element from one appraisal in investing in a toll road, and this matter will be used as a basic policy for the government to invest in the transport sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transport sector affects the fluctuation rate of productivity in one area. The transportation's high cost and infrastructure condition have placed Indonesia's logistic performance on the 46th rank out of 160 countries. One of the causes is the low utilization rate of the truck in Indonesia, which has been triggered by the uncertainty and the unequal distribution of demand of sending commodity which has made the truck service provider face the continued risk and the lack of capacity, which affects to the operational cost and the sending period. This paper will develop the web-based innovation booking system in ordering the truck to sort the algorithm insertion. Applying the insertion sort of the algorithm will minimalize the waiting time and loading/unloading, which can occur in the delivery process. The result of developing the web-based information system will simplify the customer or shipper in doing or tracking the order of the truck. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

North Sumatra is located at an altitude between 0 to 2000 masl, covering the lowlands/coasts, mountains, and highlands, where some of the areas are part of the Barisan Mountains. The Barisan Mountains have a sloping and hilly topography; some of it is steep. A place with steep slopes is Medan–Berastagi road which crosses Sibolangit District and Karo Regency. This topography has an impact on road conditions in the event of landslides. The purposes of this study were to identify, analyze, and classify the slope angle along Medan-Berastagi road. The method used was to take data from DEMNAS, then the data was analyzed using the Geographic Information System (GIS). The results showed that Medan-Berastagi road has flat to very steep slopes with an angle of 0–4.73°, 4.73°–11.83°, 11.83°–19.82°, 19.82°–28.69°, and 28.69°–100°. The susceptibility category consists of very low-risk, low-risk, medium-risk, high-risk, and very high-risk. According to the study results, it was found that the area included in the very low-risk area is 2024.53 km2, the area included in the low-risk area is 1135. 87 km2, the area included in the medium-risk area is 792.04 km2, the area included in the high-risk area is 618.32 km2, and the area included in the very high-risk area is 457.08 km2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landslide is a geological disaster caused by natural phenomena or changes in land use due to human actions. Sibolangit is one of the districts in the Deli Serdang Regency which often experiences landslides. This study aims to analyze the causes of landslides and the level of landslide-prone areas in Sibolangit District based on natural factors, namely soil type, rock type, slope, rainfall, land use, and seismicity. A model that referred to Puslittanak Bogor estimation in 2004 was used as the weighting method in this study. From analysis results, landslide susceptibility level map in Sibolangit District was obtained with low, medium, high, and very high landslide susceptibility potential. According to the landslide susceptibility model, there are four categories for landslide susceptibility in Sibolangit District, namely low landslide-prone areas covering seven villages (32.65 km2 or 18.84%), moderate landslide-prone areas covering thirteen villages (77.93 km2 or 44, 96%), high landslide-prone areas covering eight villages (46.43 km2 or 28.96%), and very high landslide-prone areas covering two villages (16.31 km2 or 10.17%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mount Sinabung is one of the active volcanoes in Indonesia located in Karo Regency, North Sumatra. Since the first eruption on August 27th, 2010, Mount Sinabung still emits smoke and volcanic ash. The utilization of Sinabung volcanic ash waste (AGS) has not been carried out optimally. Researchers tried to use it as cement substitution materials in the manufacture of paving blocks. Lime (Ca+) was added intothe paving block mixture to cover the lack of CaO composition from Sinabung volcanic ash. Tha paving block mixture materials generally consist of cement, sand, and stone ash. The paving blocks design used in this research was made with a mixture ratio of cement: sand: stone ash, which was 1:2:3. Sinabung volcanic ash and lime were added to this mixture as the substitute materials. The addition of that material was conducted by reducing the percentage of cement weight and varying the composition ratio used according to the volume ratio category of constituent aggregates, namely 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25 % of Sinabung volcanic ash and lime by weight of cement. The manufacture of specimens and quality testing procedures were in following with Standard Nasional Indonesia (SNI 03-0691-1996). The results obtained from the addition of lime and Sinabung volcanic ash were as follows: The average compressive strength for a mixture of 0% AGS+25% K is 34.07 Mpa, 5% AGS+20% K is 43.30 Mpa, 10% AGS+15% K is 44.55 Mpa, 15% AGS+10% K is 45.80 Mpa, 20% AGS+5% K is 43, 23Mpa, and 25% AGS+0% K is 33.36 Mpa. From these results, it can be concluded that the addition of lime and Sinabung volcanic ash increases the compressive strength, and paving blocks quality A is obtained in all mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiesel is petroleum fuel that are clean energy that can be used in internal combustion engines without alteration. Such energy sources have characteristics that are equivalent to petroleum-derived oils and are less emitted througha greener burn, due to their increased oxygen concentration. The present study uses the transitory checklist to examine the effectiveness of an inter CI engine, which contains 3 aspects of biodiesel - diesel fuel. One of the testing outcomes that will be acquired is the braking capability, the special fuel consumption (SFC), the exhaust temperature, and the diesel engines. A tool platform is built and functioned from the circus for the motor testing cell. In the Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) method, biodiesel as compared to diesel fuel. As a result, biodiesel fuels could likely outperform fossil fuels in some of theirways. The application of biodiesel fuel as a trend to industrial petrol diesel or as a blending additive is described in this paper as an innovative search for sustainable energy. This report looked into the effects of blending biodiesel into a non-roaddiesel engine on emissions and performance. The findings were linked to findings from related studies that had previously been published. It should be noted that because these findings were based on a stationary diesel engine, no conclusions aboutengine output and emissions can be drawn for vehicles on the road. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnologies as well as its combination with surface engineering, offer significant opportunity to enhance to a sustainable energy future, both via more effective utilisation existing renewable resources and by allowing innovative approaches for alternative forms of energy and processes. The nano-materials must be designed, characterized or synthesized while keeping controllable structures, size and shapes. This paper gives the significant analysis during the combustion of aqueous aluminium nano-fluid in diesel fuel, there is a major chemical reaction of hydrogen combustion. The nano particles are made by solid state reaction of aluminium nitrate and citric acid by heating it in a microprocessor-controlled furnace. Because of its high combustion enthalpy and low cost, aluminium has long been used as an energetic material in solid-based propellant rockets and explosives. Nanotechnology has resulted in important advancements in the field of energetic materials. Nano scale energetic materials are considered to exhibit a variety of properties due to their large surface area and special thermal properties. This study is objected to highlight some most exciting advancement in the preparation and characterization of nano-materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discarding the waste materials from different sources straightforwardly to the earth can trigger biological issues and creation of concrete causes discharge of huge measure of CO2 gases which thusly further reasons for nursery impact hence reutilization of waste material has been featured as far as replacement of concrete in partial part to support better climate with worked on mechanical properties of cement. Consequently, tests with changing level of waste material in various extent, for example, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 20% and 25% are ready by subbing the concrete with squander materials particularly and in various mixes, for example, marble dust and metakaolin. Mechanical properties of cement having marble dust and metakaolin particularly and in blend are assessed by performing compressive strength and elasticity test on various examples for a predefined span of 7 days, 28 days and 56 days. Notwithstanding it, Slump test was additionally performed to get the functionality of separate cement. In contrast with MD and blend of MK and MD upsides of droop for MK were seen to be in diminishing request with expansion in the rate replacement. The consequences of research center work for long haul strength augmentation are not tracked down well in mix of MD and MK with fluctuating rate anyway best appropriate partial substitution are found at 12.5%, 10%, 10% and 7.5% for MD and MK independently and in mix with changing rate for compressive and split tensile test for predefined long stretches of curing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of straw brick study using normal material, consistently showing low compressive strength, have been used to improve the quality of stroke brick with viscocrete additions. The aim of this study is to examine the mechanical properties of the brick, compressive strength and water absorption strength. This research has carried out experimental research utilizing concrete bricks of a typical height of 21.5 cm, height of 6 cm and a thickness of 10.5 cm, made of rice straws, sand, and water as a test sample. The brick utilized in the research were essentially constructed of sand, water and rice straw and it had 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% 40% of weight percent in prepared the brick. Bricks were made by molding pattern with using the rice straw and add some water pressing. Five sample of baked and unbaked are prepared for testing. Test results achieved maximum compressive strength and absorption of 3.67 MPa, and 21.7% of concrete bricks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Via eco-friendly method, the production of geopolymer–based bricks. Rice husk ash (recycling material) incorporated as a replacement (by up to 8%) of metakaolin was used in the production of a high-strength building brick. In this process, 10M of potassium hydroxide mixed with sodium silicate as an alkali activator has been utilized to develop a stable and solidified geopolymer structure by inorganic multi-reaction resulting from the alkaline activated aluminosilicate. The mechanical properties of the bricks were studied using the Compressive, Flexural, and Hardness tests of the geopolymer specimens were evaluated along with characterization using XRF, XRD, PSA analysis, FTIR, and SEM. 8% rice husk ash replacement with metakaolin specimens exhibited higher mechanical properties and excellent characteristics, 47 MPa in compression and 3.8 MPa in flexural strength, at 28 days. The increase in compressive strength ranged from approximately 7.7% to 20.5%. Meanwhile, flexural strength ranged from 16.6% to 26.6% with respect to the strength at 28 days. The higher performance is related to the combination of filling effect and geopolymerization process enhancement. The results indicated that the use of Rice husk ash in different proportions effectively affects metakaolin-based geopolymer's mechanical and characteristics properties. The production of metakaolin-based geopolymer building blocks with compressive strength from 47 MPa is a new challenge in modern building units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past two decades, chemical looping reforming (CLR) is gaining increasing research interest because of the advantages of not using pure oxygen in the reaction, which allows the saving of energy-intensive air separation requirements in conventional reforming processes. The modeling of hydrogen production by CLR based on input process parameters and employing steam as an oxidant has been investigated. CLR produces considerable amounts of hydrogen, and it has been discovered that input factors such as reaction temperature, catalyst loading, and steam-to-methane ratio all have a major impact on this amount of hydrogen produced. The hydrogen produced was positively influenced by both the reaction temperature and the steam-to-methane ratio. Increases in both the reaction temperature and the steam-to-methane ratio were shown to cause a significant rise in the amount of hydrogen produced. On the contrary, increasing the amount of catalyst used resulted in peak performance in terms of hydrogen production at 0.4%. There is a considerable impact of the three kernel functions (linear, quadratic, and cubic) on the performance of the support vector machine (SVM) when modeling the nonlinear connection between the process parameters and the desired output. The robustness of the SVM is further demonstrated by the R2 values of 0.80, 0.89, and 090 obtained for the prediction of hydrogen production. The root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) values suggest that the SVM produces minimum predictive errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass-derived bio aviation jet (bio-jet) fuel has become a key component of the aviation industry's policy for lowering operating costs and reducing environmental impacts. Researchers from the oil refining sector, the aviation sector, the government, biofuel enterprises, agricultural firms, and academia are collaborating to establish a commercially resilient and sustainable technique for producing a long-lasting bio-jet fuel with low production costs and low greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, this bio-jet fuel must meet American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) international standards and be a 100% drop-in substitute for existing petroleum aviation jet fuel. This article discusses about the latest conversion technologies for producing bio-jet fuel, which are divided into three categories: chemical conversion route, thermochemical route, biochemical conversion route. The key challenges associated with bio-jet fuel are addressed, including feedstocks availability, sustainability, economic and environmental concerns. Moreover, the present paper examines the availability of various bio-jet fuel feedstocks and describes how their prices and energy intensity of process are significant hurdles that affect biofuel properties, as well as the selection criteria for sustainable and low-cost bio-aviation fuel production. Biomass-derived bio aviation fuel has the potential to replace a large portion of the petroleum jet fuel in order to fulfil the commercial and military requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computer Aided Diagnosis Systems-CAD is an interpretation support system for Radiologists as a second opinion in the diagnosis of cancer malignancy on medical imaging such as ultrasound. The latest CAD technology still detects the region of interest (RoI) of cancerous objects manually and is integrated into the ultrasound machine. In this study, a web-based application by adopting the MoRbAC method is proposed to automatically detect cancerous objects in ultrasound images for CAD development. MoRbAC is a combinatorial framework consisting of a simplified Chan-Vese (CV) active contour model and image morphological operations. Simplified CV serves to segment objects globally while morphological operations play a role in reducing detection errors and localizing them specifically. The proposed web-based application was validated on 20 ultrasound images of breast lesions and thyroid nodules. Python programming with Flask framework is utilized to deploy this application. The validation results are compatible across various browsers and achieve an average accuracy of 98.75%. This achievement shows that MoRbAC is feasible to be used as an ultrasound CAD detection technique in a web service system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper was focusing on the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the agriculture sector on the growth rate of the selected African countries. Nigeria, Egypt, South Africa, Algeria and Morocco have been selected by the researcher in this study. The researcher selected this country due their highest contribution on growth rate (GDP) among the African countries. To see the relationship between foreign direct investment in the agriculture sector, employment rate, capital and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the country with higher amount of GDP is more suitable to analyse. It is because of high sensitivity between this variable. The writer focus on African region because of the various economic problem that happened within this region. At the end of this research, the researcher hope that the result will be help the government and the other investors to improve economic performance of this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The striking around the world transmission of COVID-19 has empowered numerous governments to meddle to maintain a strategic distance from the spread of the contamination. Medical tourism could be a developing marvel with arrangement suggestions for wellbeing frameworks, especially of goal nations. Medical tourism, a quickly developing advertise, has been recognized by numerous nations as a potential segment for financial diversification. In spite of the fact that Malaysia stands out as one of the best goals of therapeutic tourism, examination with respect to its competitiveness has been constrai ned and contract in scope. An increasing number of tourist destinations and hotels are using new technology and solutions to promote their products and services. IoT represents a great opportunity for tourism and hospitality to increase customer satisfaction while simultaneously reducing operational costs. This case ponder takes a quantitative approach to distinguish and analyze the IoT time-series data variables that position Malaysia as a competitive medical tourism goal. Based on an all-encompassing approach, this ponder has appeared that coordination of differing procedures for restorative tourism improvement with sound government arrangements and proactive administration hones has driven to significant positive results towards the shared victory of tourism and healthcare segments of Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sculptured dies cavity roughing (SDCR) is a multi-dimensional optimization problem that requires the simultaneous decision of several variables. The most frequent discussion in SDCR is the simultaneous decision on tool selection and cutting plane determination in order to minimize machining (roughing) time. This study consider the trade-off between roughing and finishing time which represented by residual volume in roughing process by applying machining efficiency as the objective of the proposed algorithm. The machining efficiency for each set of tool selection depend on the determination of cutting plane. Therefore this multi-dimensional problem is classified as a complex combinatorial problem and there is need for 2 dimensional problems formulation. This study proposed binary coding to represent the problem, by which enumeration of the problem could be well structured and the coding and decoding process of 2 dimensional problem could be simplified in order to search and identify the optimum result. The algorithm has produced the optimum result and empirically shown 10% of improvement of machining efficiency when compared to result from the simulator and better machining efficiency when compared to smallest-tool-possible (STP) and smallest residual possible (SRP). (Keywords : Sculptured dies cavity roughing, enumeration, binary coding, Fibonacci, climbing stairs problem) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]