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There is disadvantage on tofu production by using stove for boiling the soymilk, that is decrease tofu quality especially on the aroma. One of the way for avoiding such problem is by utilizing steam system on tofu production processing. For producing the steam, some tofu industries utilize used-drum of oil. Low safety factor, high on energy losses, and take a long time on steam production are the problems from using the drum. Therefore, it is imperative to design and develop mini boiler in order to solve such problems. The mini boiler design was planned with fire tube system and using gas as the fuel. There are several steps for designing and developing mini boiler. The objective of this study was to do preliminary analysis, that is to obtain steam parameters requirement (energy, capacity, temperature, and pressure) for boiling the soymilk which is the first step of development design the mini boiler. Analytical method was used. The steam parameters requirement were obtained and ready to be used for the next step on development design the mini boiler. Energy, capacity, pressure, and temperature are 34.125 KJ/s, 70Kg/hr, 150KPa and 111.3°C respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corn (Zea mays L.) cob is one of the organic wastes that so far has not been widely used as a product that has added value. Corn cob can be used for making liquid smoke because it contains 45% cellulose, 35% hemicellulose, 15% lignin, and 9.4% water content. The method used for making liquid smoke is pyrolysis using a pyrolyzer. In this study, the performance testing of liquid smoke tools was conducted. The resulting liquid smoke was subjected to chemical and physical characterization, as well as testing the germination and growth of corn seeds with the test method of paper rolled and erected in plastic. The study of making liquid smoke from corn cobs showed that the liquid smoke yield was 24.13%, the density was 1.0193 g/cm3, and the pH value was 3.406, which meets Japanese standards. GC-MS analysis results showed the diversity of chemical components in corn cob liquid smoke found in 34 types, and the highest element was acetic acid. The physical quality test results of corn cob liquid smoke produced a brownish-red color, pungent odor, and black tar deposits. The test results showed that the concentration of liquid smoke significantly affected seed germination and corn growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]