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Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a bio-ceramic material that can be derived from either natural resources or through synthesis process using chemical reagents. Regardless of its origin, both types of HA can be used for biomedical applications to repair and replace damaged tissue. The aim of this present study is to extract HA from waste fish bone (HA-fb) via direct calcination technique at temperatures ranging from 600°C to 800°C. The HA powders obtained was then characterized to examine the effect of different calcination temperatures on its physicochemical properties. TGA curve shows the biggest weight loss at approximately 300-500°C, indicating that all organic parts from the bones were removed, and HA began to form. On the other hand, XRD analysis shows that HA-fb samples calcined at 700°C and 800°C both contain HA and β-TCP phases. HA content in the fish bone samples calcined at 700°C was 88.5%, while in 800°C sample, the amount was found to be slightly lower at 76.6%. This implies that by increasing the calcination temperature, the amount of β-TCP phase would also increase, since HA tend to decompose into other phases at higher temperatures. FTIR spectra analysis for all HA-fb samples contain phosphate (PO4−3), carbonate (CO3−2) and hydroxide (OH−) functional groups, which are all inherent to HA structure. FESEM images revealed that HA-fb powders obtained at 700°C and 800°C calcinations exhibit similar pattern of particles agglomeration. Agglomeration of the HA-fb powders is likely to occur when undergoing calcination at lower temperatures due to its smaller particle size. As calcination temperature increases, the particles grow and the powders become slightly less agglomerated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers have indicated surge of interest on seeking clarification for higher improvement in organizations' innovation performance. The scholarly articles highlighted that market orientation, total quality management and supply chain integration are considered the most valuable asset within organizations' operations. Empirical findings, however, reiterate on the inconclusive impacts of negative, positive and no impacts on the firms' innovation performance relationship. In pursuance of addressing this research gap, this paper postulates on the conceptual framework discussing the moderating effect of innovation capability on the synergy between market orientation, total quality management and supply chain integration on innovation performance. It underlines that the effectiveness of innovation performance's antecedents can be improved through direct or indirect applications of innovation capability. In summary, the critical analyses discover in this research will improve the existing information on the domain of market orientation, total quality management, supply chain integration, innovation capability and innovation performance as well as providing references for investigation in other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation performance as a key success factor in the present global market indicates its significance within organizations, merit further examination on its antecedents and consequences. This paper proposed on a conceptual framework to analyze the relationship between market orientation, total quality management and supply chain integration on innovation performance. An in-depth review of the literatures on the constructs are utilized to develop hypotheses suggesting on the relationship between market orientation, total quality management, supply chain integration and innovation performance. The findings from this research are expected to provide novel ideas for further improvement in the academic and managerial fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas leakage is a problem that can occur in residential areas, this paper provides a solution so that the house is safe from gas leaks, The design of gas leak detection equipment is very important as an early warning system, so there are no accidents and fires due to gas canister explosions, and residences can be protected from gas leaks, MQ-6 gas sensors as gas leak detection inputs. LCD as display output, bell as sound output, relay as solenoid gas valve controller as gas line safety when gas leakage. All of these components are connected to the main regulator ATmega 2560 Microcontroller, When the Gas Sensor Detects a Gas Leak, Then the Sensor Will Give The Command To Turn on the Bell, Show Warning On the LCD screen, And Relay works ordered Solenoid Gas Disconnected, And Gas Line Closed, when the voltage on the sensor is 2.33 volts, the sensor will detect gas leakage and will transmit to the microcontroller ATmega 2560 Microcontroller to set the LCD and Buzzer to work, and Solenoid will close the gas line, and if the sensor voltage below 2.33 sensor will not detect gas leakage, automatically the LCD and Buzzer will stop working. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shortage of construction waste data cause difficulty in planning the future of construction waste management. Quantification of construction waste data is one of the valuable solution to be implemented. Waste generated amount have been investigated in different countries. A series of research on various construction materials were reported by the previous researcher. However, no similar research has been conducted in Malaysia where there is a pressing need to understand the generation of construction waste especially for the developing projects like housing. This paper aims to review the previous study on the waste quantification in the construction sites. The soft measure method found in the study are Interviewed and Questionnaire and Estimation Based on Statistical Data. While the hard measure method such as Material Flow Analysis Approach (MFA) and Sorted and Weighed the Waste Materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]